• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.36-45
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aims to identify changes in the visuomotor coordination and fine motor coordination functions caused by the use of a task-oriented intervention in a child with developmental delay. Methods : The participant, who was a 6-year-old girl, was not diagnosed but showed a developmental delay in overall function. The study period was February 5, 2021, to June 4, 2021, and a single-subject A-B study design was used. The baseline (A) was initially evaluated in the first three sessions to identify the child's functions. In the intervention period, 12 session (B), task-oriented intervention was applied; the child engaged in many of the activities in kindergarten, such as painting, writing, making, and cutting with scissors. Visuomotor coordination and fine motor coordination were equally measured during the baseline and intervention periods. Visuomotor coordination was measured via drawing of an oval according to the Korean Developmental Test of Visual Perception 3 (K-DTVP-3), and fine motor coordination was assessed using the finger-nose touching item of the Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills (COMPS). Results : The mean of the baseline of the K-DTVP-3 oval drawing was 23, and the mean of the intervention period was 39.66. The mean of the baseline of the COMPS finger-nose touching was 0, and the mean of the intervention period was 5.08. Conclusion : Task-oriented intervention seems to have a positive effect on the visuomotor coordination and fine motor coordination abilities of children with developmental delay.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.27.1-27
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• 2001

The purpose of rhis research is proposing rhe sysrem which does information supporr as for a truck driver, and verifying the validity. First, it investigated by visiting the Transporr Company and interview for the present situation and the opinion on computerization from the operation administrator and truck drivers. Consequently, the problem of computerization could be found out to the present system. Next, the present system was considered. As for present machine system, human's "Choosing a function", srarts processing. Then this system is called "Function-Oriented-System". And three problems were extracted from this sysrem. As a solution of those problems, the Purpose-Oriented-System was proposed. In order to attain user's purpose, Agent that situation is perceived and works a function autonomously assumed that this system was inherent. 3D-Sceanrio-Expression was proposed as the description method of rhe task process. It consists of "Machine and Functional-Item axis", "Time axis", and "Situation-Item axis". And, the task execution process of Function-Oriented-System and Purpose-Oriented-System was compared using 3D-Sceanrio-Expression supposing the scene of truck business. As a resulr, rhe following two things could be found out. (1) The concepr of Purpose-Oriented-System that Agent is inherent is effective as siruarion correspondence machine. (2) A solid scenario can express the interaction rhar cannor be seen, in the relarion of rhe conventional Human and Machine.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.145-157
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• 1999

The challenge is to maximize the time-to-market benefits of concurrent engineering while maintaining control of data and distributing it automatically to the people who need it when they need it. The way PDM systems cope with this challenge is that master data is held only once in a secure vault where its integrity can be assured and all changes to it monitored, controlled and recorded. The structure of PDM is various from vendor, but they have common module. That is PDM and it is most important. The goal is to design the workflow in PDM using object-oriented modeling method. The past methods have concentrated on the flow between workflow engine and agent, but this paper will focus on task. We will model task as individual object. This paper uses OMT(Object Modeling Technique) by James Rumbaugh for base modeling tool and uses DCOM(Distributed Component Object Model) for base ORB(Object Request Broker). Research object is to design the static object model, to design state change by dynamic model and to design data transition by functional model.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.302-312
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the influencing factors of job stress, self-efficacy, and organizational culture to presenteeism in clinical nurses. Methods: A descriptive correlation research design was used for the this study. The subjects were 245 nurses working at the hospital in S, A and C City, from August $1^{st}$ to October $30^{th}$ 2014. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ test, stepwise multiple regression by SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Job impairment indicated a significant positive relationship to job stress (p=.009), health problem (p<.001), and indicated significant negative relationship to self-efficacy (p<.001), innovative-oriented (p<.001), affiliative-oriented (p=.002), task-oriented (p=.026) in organizational culture. Significant factors of influencing to presenteeism were self-efficacy (p<.001, ${\beta}=-.363$), culture of task-oriented (p<.001, ${\beta}=-.248$) in organizational culture, and health problem (p=.002, ${\beta}=.187$). Conclusion: Self-efficacy was defined as a variable to influence on presenteeism, and developing of strategies and program to strengthen self-efficacy and task-oriented of organizational culture in nursing is helpful to reduce the presenteeism of clinical nurses.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-106
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• 2000

Recently there have been many efforts to develop hypermedia systems. Hypermedia applications can be categorized into process-oriented or contents-oriented. However, it is not a trivial task to build contents-oriented hypermedia in a systematic fashion. The contents-oriented hypermedia systems are developed primarily for the applications of marketing or information services. This paper proposes a methodology for a contents-oriented hypermedia system. Hypermedia contents are typically structured in the form of hierarchies. An index node can be used in order to give an effective access to this hierarchical structure. The proposed methodology employs three types of nodes(contents, index and function) and various navigation mechanisms, and helps design contents-oriented hypermedia systematically. Furthermore, various design techniques are proposed for maintaining contents-oriented hypermedia systems that have an evolutionary feature. Two real-life cases are illustrated to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigates the effects of task-oriented training for a left trunk flexion pattern using real-time ultrasound imaging in a stroke patient with unilateral neglect symptoms. Methods: This study used the ABA experimental design, which is a single-subject research method among individual case research methods. For the ABA experimental design, changes in the degree of unilateral neglect, balance ability, and the thickness of the lateral abdominal muscle were visually analyzed during the baseline process, in the intervention period, and after the intervention. The experiments were performed 24 times in total for 8 times in each of the 3 periods. The unilateral neglect was measured using the Albert test, balance ability was measured using the Berg balance test, and the thickness of the lateral abdominal muscle was measured using ultrasound imaging. The subject was a 50-year-old male patient with unilateral neglect caused by right cerebral hemorrhage. He performed task-oriented training for a voluntary left trunk flexion pattern using real-time ultrasound imaging during the intervention period. Results: The result of comparing the data collected during the intervention period with the data point average of the baseline process showed that balance ability improved and the tendency line was above the baseline. The tendency line of unilateral neglect was below the baseline and showed a decreasing tendency. The thickness of the lateral abdominal muscle showed an increasing trend and the tendency line was above the baseline. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the task-oriented training for left trunk flexion pattern using real-time ultrasound imaging has a beneficial effect on balance ability, the degree of unilateral neglect, and the strength of the lateral abdominal muscle in unilateral neglect patients.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.834-841
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• 2006

Recently, many enterprises are installing AMSs(Automated Manufacturing Systems) for their competitive advantages. As the level of automation increases, proper design and validation of control logic is a imperative task for the successful operation of AMSs. However, current discrete event simulation methods mainly focus on the performance evaluation. As a result, they lack the modeling capabilities for the detail logic of automated manufacturing system controller. Proposed in this paper is a method of validation of the controller logic for automated material handling system using an object-oriented design and simulation. Using this method, FA engineers can validate the controller logic easily in earlier stage of system design, so they can reduce the time for correcting the logic errors and enhance the productivity of control program development Generated simulation model can also be used as a communication tool among FA engineers who have different experiences and disciplines.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in self-efficacy and writing ability after applying a Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement Program to children with ADHD tendency accompanied by learning delays. Methods : A Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement Program was implemented to children with ADHD tendency accompanied by learning delays attending S elementary school. The research proceeded in the order of a pre-test, Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement intervention, and a post-test. The first session involved a pre-test, in which the children's self-efficacy and writing ability were examined using self-efficacy test and type 'A' KNISE-BAAT writing test. The multisensory group activity program intervention was conducted for a total of 8 sessions. In the last session, a post-test was conducted using self-efficacy test and type 'B' KNISE-BAAT writing test. Data collected from the tests were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 18. Results : According to the tests taken before and after implementing the Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement Program, there was a significant improvement in self-efficacy (school, society), writing ability(command of vocabulary and sentence). Conclusion : Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement Program may be used as a beneficial measure to improve the self-efficacy and writing abilities of children with ADHD tendency accompanied by learning delays. It is necessary to design various intervention models by combining educational media based on a multisensory approach.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task-oriented training with functional electrical stimulation on hand function in incomplete cervical cord injury. Method : The subjects of the study were 3 adults diagnosed as incomplete cervical cord injury. The design of this study was ABA single-subject research design to compare dominant hand function of before and after intervention and detect individual effects. The experiment consisted of 30sessions, in which baseline process A1 and A2 were implemented 5 sessions each for 10sessions. Intervention B was implemented 20 sessions. The dependent variable was converted to the change of hand function every session, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test(JTHFT), Wolf Motor Function Test(WMFT) were selected for outcome measurements. Result analysis was suggested through visual analysis using a graph and comparison of pre, post and follow-up intervention measurements. Results : As a result, the quality and quantity of dominant hand function increased during intervention B compared to the baseline A1 for all subjects. Baseline A2 was also maintained without training. Additionally, JTHFT, WMFT and COPM scores demonstrated improvement and maintain. The follow up JTHFT and WMFT showed increased required time on all subjects and decrease or maintain task performance and satisfaction in COPM. Conclusion : The task-oriented training with function electrical stimulation in this study has been positive effects on hand function and task performance and satisfaction.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of task-oriented approach based on upper limb coordinated movement on the ability of the Korean handwriting in children with developmental coordination disorder(DCD). Methods/Design : This randomized controlled trial designed as a pre-/post- test will compare the effectiveness of task-oriented approach and process-oriented approach on handwriting performance for children with DCD aged 5 to 10. These interventions consist of 10 training sessions and 4 assessment sessions over 7weeks. Children will be measured regard to handwriting legibility, speed and pre-handwriting skills including upper limb movement skills, visual perception and visual motor coordination. Conclusion : This is the first attempt to investigate effects of a task-oriented approach in children with DCD. The significance of this study is to provide the clinical evidences to apply the task-oriented approach improves the children's handwriting performance. Furthermore it will also present a more effective intervention for handwriting by figuring out each approach's impact on the improvement of pre-handwriting skills.