• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.310-317
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• 2010

Middle aged women these days not only consider themselves as younger than actual, maintain figures and looks of younger women, but also show a big interest to fashion goods as younger generations. The TV media has a big influence on this trend. This study is conducted to figure out how the TV media involvement of middle aged women affects their difference age, youth-pursuing clothing behavior and fashion leadership. After the survey, a total of 326 questionnaires completed by women of their 40s and 50s were used to this analysis. The results are as follows, 1. The highest cognitive age of middle aged women was the look age, and the lowest was the feel age in the 40s, and the interest age in the 50s. And it was shown that the difference age were 7.05 years for the 40s and 9.10 years for the 50s. 2. The TV media involvement had a significant influence on the difference age as its antecedent. And the TV media involvement affected directly the youth-pursuing clothing behavior and fashion leadership. The higher the TV media involvement was, the higher difference age and fashion leadership were shown. 3. The difference age was shown as mediating the TV media involvement and the youth-pursuing clothing behavior, and the TV media involvement and fashion leadership only partially. 4. The youth-pursuing clothing behaviors were influenced by TV media involvement and difference age. Conclusionally, this study revealed that the TV media had a great influence on middle-aged women's clothing behavior, supporting the cultivation theory of TV media.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dimensions of clothing involvement of female undergraduates in Busan and some influential factors of TV on the clothing involvement. This research also shows the correlations among variables and the differences in clothing involvement and TV media-related influential factors by the customer types. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The clothing involvement is categorized into five factors: pleasure, fashionableness, symbolism, danger awareness, and disinterest in clothing. Four TV media-related influential factors are identified: conformity to entertainers' clothing, interest in entertainers, interest in TV-watching, and imitation of entertainers. 2. An analysis of correlation between clothing involvement and TV media-related variables shows that there is a correlation between conformity to entertainers' clothing and various clothing involvement factors as fashionableness, symbolism and pleasure. A factor of interest in TV-watching is related to symbolism and interest in clothing. A factor of imitation of entertainers is related to fashionableness and disinterest in clothing. 3. An analysis of the differences by the customer types leads to four types of categorization. Type 1 shows low interests in clothing and TV media-related variables. Type 2 demonstrates high clothing involvement and interest in TV-watching. Type 3 is classified as a high involvement/ conformity group, which not only shows high involvement in pleasure and symbolism of clothing but also high conformity to entertainers' clothing. And lastly, type 4 is an disinterest group but it shows high interest in TV-watching, entertainers and imitation of entertainers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1197-1204
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to categorize the fashion involvement of male and female college students in their twenties and to investigate the relationship of the types of fashion involvement to the conformity to TV media stars and information source. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, cluster analysis, cross-tabulation analysis. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Fashion involvement was categorized into four factors; pleasure, fashionableness, symbolism, and availability. The conformity to TV media stars was categorized into fashion conformity, star imitation, interests in TV programs, and interests in stars. Information source was divided into mass media, product information, and personal information. 2. There were significant differences in the conformity to media stars and information source by the different types of fashion involvement. 3. The results for the correlation between the conformity to TV media stars and information source showed that there were significant correlations with all of the factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1538-1549
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was 1) to identify gender differences in appearance management behavior and influencing variables(media involvement, body satisfaction and self-esteem), 2) the effects of influencing variables on appearance management behavior, and 3) to analyze the relationships among influencing variables. The data were collected ken 458 fifth and sixth grade girls and boys of five elementary schools ill Seoul, Korea via self-administered questionnaires, and were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: Regarding the gender differences in research variables, preteen girls showed more interest in clothing/hair style management, weight management, TV involvement and celebrity imitation than preteen boys. Girls showed lower level of satisfaction than boys. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify the effects of media involvement, body satisfaction and self-esteem on appearance management behavior. For boy group, clothing/hair style interest was influenced by celebrity imitation, and weight management by TV involvement, body satisfaction and school self-esteem, and height management by celebrity management and school self-esteem. For girl group, clothing/hair style management was influenced by celebrity imitation and general self-esteem, and weight management by body satisfaction, general self-esteem, celebrity imitation and TV involvement, and height management by school self-esteem, TV involvement, time spent watching TV and general self-esteem. From the results of analyzing relationships among influencing variables, it was found that media involvement influenced self-esteem; TV involvement and celebrity imitation influenced school self-esteem; body satisfaction had the effect on all three sub dimensions of self-esteem in boy group. For female group, TV involvement had the effect on body satisfaction, and celebrity imitation on general self-esteem, the family self-esteem and school self-esteem, and body satisfaction on all three sub dimensions of self-esteem.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.164-178
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to verify effects of female college students' self-image on appearance management behavior and investigate the differences caused by TV involvement and entertainer imitation on the appearance managing behavior. Respondents of the survey were 424 college females living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. For statistical analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression were conducted using SPSS 18.0 program. The results of this study are as follows: First, self-image among college females were composed of 5 factors, which were active image, feminine image, intelligent image, gentle image and modern image. Second, college females' self-image influenced on skin management behavior, hair management behavior, make-up behavior, clothing behavior and weight management behavior significantly. Specifically, as respondents' active image and modern image are getting higher, they tend to perform skin management behavior, hair management behavior and clothing behavior. As female students' intellectual image and modern image were getting higher, more positive effects were found on make-up behavior. As female students' gentle image and active image were getting higher, there was more positive effects on weight management behavior. But, female students' self-image didn't show significant effects on cosmetic surgery behavior. Third, when subjects' TV involvement was high, self-image made greater effect on skin management behavior and cosmetic surgery behavior than those with low TV involvement. Forth, when entertainer imitation was high, self-image made greater effects on skin management behavior, hair management behavior, clothing behavior, make-up behavior, weight management behavior, cosmetic surgery behavior than those with low entertainer management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2007

This study testes an application possibility of the Elaboration Likelihood Model broadly used in communication science into forest science and examines the communication effects according to the media types. To examine the effectiveness of this model, the study sets involvement, the need for cognition, and the need for effect as motivation variable and prior knowledge as an ability variable. Most variables appear to be significant in the regression analysis and results of the study verify the possibility of the application of the Elaboration Likelihood Model in forest science. To measure the media effects, a simulation is also carried out using three media including television, newspaper, and the Internet. According to ANOVA analysis, television is more persuasive than newspaper, and there is no difference between television and the Internet in terms of persuasiveness. Regarding recall, television and the Internet are more effective than newspaper. Finally, the present study suggests effective and efficient forest communication policies based on the results.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.44
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• pp.76-107
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• 2008

The present study has explored the effects of media use on the evaluation of the presidential candidate's morality. We hypothesized that the perception of the candidates' morality during the 2007 Korean President Election would be influenced by the amount of the different types of media use. Using a set of panel data, a total of 1,199 citizens (584 females (48.7%), 615 males (51.3%), Mage=42.77, SDage=13.34) were assessed four times from August to December in 2007. The results indicated that (a) the level of TV use for political information, the level of newspaper use for political information, and the level of Internet use for political information increased during the five months; (b) the initial level of political involvement contributed differently to the initial levels of media use; (c) the initial level of political involvement negative influenced the initial level of TV use for political information; (d) the growth of political involvement positively influenced the growth of TV use for political information; (e) the intial level of TV use for political information increased both the initial levels of the perception of candidates' morality and the change of the perception of candidates' morality; (f) the change of TV use for political information negatively affected the perception of candidates' morality; and (g) the initial level of Internet use for political information negatively affected the initial level of the perception of candidates' morality, and the change of Internet use for political information negatively affected the perception of candidates' morality.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among TV involvement, body image concern, restrained eating behavior and self-esteem of middle school students in one city. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 229 boys and 267 girls enrolled in the middle schools completed self report questionnaire in June, 2009. The data was analyzed by using SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: Of boys, 24.5% was over-weight/obese while 12.7% of girls was over-weight/obese. Compared to boys, girls involved more in TV (p<.001), and showed more body image concern, and restrained eating behavior (p<.001), but had lower self-esteem (p=.020). A significant positive correlation between TV involvement and body image concern was found in both boys and girls. However, only girls showed a negative association between TV involvement and self-esteem, and as well as between restrained eating behavior and self-esteem. As grouped by BMI, both boys and girls showed significantly different scores in restrained eating behavior (p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that the increased number of obese young adolescent need a weight management program including control for unhealthy eating behavior. The influence of mass-media on distorted body image for adolescents should be corrected. Also, an intervention for young obese girls to promote their self-esteem needs to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.33-43
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• 1992

The objective of this study were to (1) investigate the relationship between evaluations of apparel advertising, fashion involvement, and social attitudes, (2) examine how evaluation of apparel advertising, fashion involvement, and social attitudes vary according to gender, and (3) investigate the possible differences in purchase attitudes toward the advertised apparels according to gender and advertisement slogan. Questionnaire for evaluations of apparel advertising was comprised of four sections; apparel advertising acceptance, evaluation of advertisement slogan, purchase attitude toward the advertised apparels, and perception of effective media for apparel advertising. For evaluation of advertisement slogan, 5 sets of apparel advertisements were selected. Each set had two advertisements; one advertisement contained an image-oriented slogan, while the other had a quality-oriented slogan. "The Social Attitude Scale' by Kerlinger and 'Fashion Involvement Index' by Tigert, Ring & King were used. All the items were selected on the Cronbach's alpha reliability. The subjects were 217 college male and famale students in Seoul; 60 were asked about purchase attitude toward the image-oriented slogan, 60 purchase attitude toward the quality-oriented slogan, and 97 all the items included in evaluation of the two slogans. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, X2-test, t-test, two-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were the followings. 1. Fashion involvement had positive relationship with apparel advertising acceptance. The higher the level of conservative attitude males had, the more positive attitude they had in fashion involvement and apparel advertising acceptance. Subjects high in conservative attitude, fashion involvement, and apparel advertising acceptance. Subjects high in conservative attitude, fashion involvement, and apparel advertising acceptance had more positive in purchase of the advertised apparels. 2. Females high in apparel advertising acceptance were more favorable toward image-oriented advertisements. 3. Fashion involvement and apparel advertising acceptance were significantly higher in females than in males. Liberal attitude was significantly higher in males than in females. Evaluation of advertisement slogan did not differ according to gender. 4. Males perceived 'TV' was the most effective media for apparel advertising while females perceived 'display' was the most effective. 5. No significant interactions between advertisement slogan and gender were found in purchase attitude of the advertising apparels. 6. Apparel advertising acceptance was influenced by fashion involvement, social attitude, and sex. The explanatory power of the three variables was 17%.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

The development of the latest media technology has changed the traditional broadcasting system. The traditional broadcasting system, which was operated by the mass media and the terrestrial broadcasters, is now transformed to the viewer-centered and bidirectional media through the convergence of internet and mobile. In terms of broadcasting environment, the function of the traditional TVs has been changed to the Smart TVs combined with an open platform which not only deliver visual contents, but also supply various applications and additional information linking the content providers and viewers. This ongoing broadcasting environmental change has made it possible for viewers to participate in the programs such as reality shows or sports events through SNS, texting or phone calls. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment is to present the ways to promote easier and more convenient viewer-participation in the programs by applying mobile messenger to existing broadcasting system in order to enhance the involvement of broadcasters and viewers of the programs and to diversify the roles of content providers and viewers in broadcasting.