• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1059-1068
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• 2011

본 논문은 TTX 차량 사인시스템의 시각적, 정보적 니즈를 체계화 시켜 표준화 모델을 위한 표본을 구축하는데 연구의 목적을 두고 있다. 이는 철도차량 디자인 가치 창출과 서비스 확보를 위한 필요충분조건을 구현하기 위함이며 실용화를 위한 이용자 중심의 모델로 전이 시키는 의미를 지닌다. 픽토리얼 사인의 정보전달은 시지각을 통해서 얻어지는 의사전달 과정이며 수단이므로 그 이미지에 함축되어 있는 조형성을 파악하는 것은 곧 그 메시지를 체득하는 것과 같으므로 TTX 사인시스템이 지닌 상징적 표현을 보편적인 기호와 구조로서의 인지작용과 가치 규범으로 진단하였다. 사인은 비구술적 의사소통의 대표적 사례로서 의미론적 정보의 집약적인 대상이 되므로 이것은 상징성과 표준성에 준거하고 함축적인 디자인으로 전달하기 위한 시지각적인 제 조건을 갖추어야 한다. 따라서 픽토그램과 ISOTYPE의 조형적 표상은 정보적 커뮤니케이션 효과를 지닌 개념요소와 상관요소가 지닌 특성들이 주제에 부합된 개념으로 구성되어야 한다. 픽토리얼 사인의 가독성 증대에 필요한 시지각적인 요구조건을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사인의 주제, 내용, 표현요소, 사용 목적, 범위, 이용방법과 유의사항 등은 구체적인 규정을 두어 체계적으로 관리하여 기대 효과를 증대 시켜야한다. 기본적인 서체, 로고, 색채 관리 등의 디자인 구성요소, 레이아웃과 적용 모듈에 대한 기준과 조건이 합목적적으로 설정되어야 하며, 문자와 도형의 선택과 배열을 위한 정체성이 미학적 구성으로 구현되어야 한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2016

This study is to investigate the biological, biochemical and cytotoxic effects of puffer fish (Arothron stellatus) toxin extracts under in-vitro condition. Extracted toxins from various organs of puffer fish were purified by using active charcoal column, and Bio-gel-P2 column chromatography. The lethality of toxin was tested in crabs, which consists of neurotoxic compounds. The degree of the brine shrimp lethality assay was found directly proportional to the concentration of the toxin extracts, which was well supported by hemolytic assay. The experimental results suggested that the gonad was found higher toxins than the liver and muscles. The mortality rate of brine shrimp nauplii was increased with the raise of concentrations of toxin level. Among the different doses and time dependent cytotoxic effect of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells were showed $4.0{\mu}g/mL$ of toxin, which was effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation. HPLC and TLC analysis was revealed that the A. stellatus toxin contains tetrodotoxin (TTX), related compounds 4-epi TTX and anhydro-TTX. The present results suggested that the A. stellatus contain TTX as a major and anh-TTX as a minor toxin. It could be the potential candidate in the field of anticancer drug discovery against human cervical cancer cells. The present data is confirming that the puffer fish toxin as an interesting source of novel bioactive natural compounds with potent applications in pharmacology.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.649-660
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• 2018

Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and disabling severe headaches. Although several anticonvulsant drugs that block voltagedependent $Na^+$ channels are widely used for migraine, far less is known about the therapeutic actions of carbamazepine on migraine. In the present study, therefore, we characterized the effects of carbamazepine on tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) $Na^+$ channels in acutely isolated rat dural afferent neurons, which were identified by the fluorescent dye DiI. The TTX-R $Na^+$ currents were measured in medium-sized DiIpositive neurons using the whole-cell patch clamp technique in the voltage-clamp mode. While carbamazepine had little effect on the peak amplitude of transient $Na^+$ currents, it strongly inhibited steady-state currents of transient as well as persistent $Na^+$ currents in a concentration-dependent manner. Carbamazepine had only minor effects on the voltage-activation relationship, the voltage-inactivation relationship, and the use-dependent inhibition of TTX-R $Na^+$ channels. However, carbamazepine changed the inactivation kinetics of TTX-R $Na^+$ channels, significantly accelerating the development of inactivation and delaying the recovery from inactivation. In the current-clamp mode, carbamazepine decreased the number of action potentials without changing the action potential threshold. Given that the sensitization of dural afferent neurons by inflammatory mediators triggers acute migraine headaches and that inflammatory mediators potentiate TTX-R $Na^+$ currents, the present results suggest that carbamazepine may be useful for the treatment of migraine headaches.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2022

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a natural neurotoxin found in several species of puffer fish belonging to Tetraodon fugu genus and has been reported to affect processes such as proliferation, metastasis and invasion of various cancer cells. However, it was not revealed which genes were influenced by these reactions. In this experiment, it was examined in human SW620 colorectal cancer cells. The proliferation of SW620 cells was significantly reduced when treated with 0, 1, 10 and 100 μM TTX for 48 h. It was confirmed using Annexin V-propidium iodide staining that some apoptosis was induced. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) affecting cell proliferation through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were selected. The expression change of DEGs was confirmed by conducting quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). As a result, the mRNA expression of FOS and WDR48 genes was found to be increased in the 100 μM TTX treatment group compared to the control group. On the other hand, the mRNA expression of ALKBH7, NDUFA13, RIPPLY3 and SELENOM genes was found to be reduced, and in the case of the ALKBH7 gene was identified to show significant differences. This experiment suggests that TTX can be used as an important fundamental data to elucidate the mechanism that inhibits the proliferation of SW620 cells.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.322-325
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• 2005

TTX(Tilting Train eXpress) is being designed for improving the speed of conventional railway. The purpose of this study is to evaluate energy absorbing capacity and driver's survivability for a design candidate of the front end structure of TTX. A FE model with honeycomb block, under frame, and body frame is generated for crash simulation. Based on a level-crossing accident scenario, numerical simulation is performed using LS-DYNA. The results of crash analysis show that strength improvement of the current front end structure design candidate is needed to ensure driver safety.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.732-737
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• 2004

TTX(Tilting Train Express), which has improved traveling performance on curved track, is being designed in cope with future railway circumstance. Nowadays, in the world, many efforts are focussed on railway safety. Especially, a variety of researches on train crashworthiness have been conducted. As a part of these efforts, some equipments on TTX are designed to reduce fatalities and casualties in crash accidents. This paper introduces impact energy absorbtion characteristics on the initial design of the front end structure. Some comments are made briefly for improvement of initial structural design and future following researches.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.619-625
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• 2004

Tilting system allow the train to pass curve at higher speed without affecting passenger comfort. As the tilting trains offer the optimum means of providing faster and more comfortable rail service with minimum of environmental disturbance and capital investment. more than 14 countries have now adopted or are about to adopt tilting train technology. The Korean National Railroad is also planing to apply faster tilting train to the areas where the high speed rail service are not provided. This paper describes the parametric study to achieve the optimal suspension design of tilting bogie for 180 km/h Korean Tilting Train(TTX), which was done as a part of the Korean National R&D project.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1435-1437
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• 2004

Tilting train has been developed to increase the operational speed of the trains on conventional lines which have many curves. This train are tilted at curves to compensate for unbalanced carbody centrifugal acceleration to a greater extent than compensation produced by the track cant, so that passengers do not feel centrifugal acceleration and thus trains can run at higher speed at curves. This paper show that results of normal capacity calculations of the electrical equipments such as Main transformer, PWM converter, VVVF inverter, traction motor in TTX(tilting train express) with maximum operation speed 180 km/h.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.229-233
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• 2005

This paper explains development status of the Korean tilting train. The Korean Tilting Train eXpress (TTX) project has been carried out to develop all the core technologies related to tilting train and infra-technology to provide high speed inter-city service with the speed of 180 km/h as well as maintenance-free technology for conventional railway system. The TTX project is under 5th stage. In this stage, manufacturing and combination test for the main components are being conducted. By the end of next year, assembly of TTX will be completed.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.243-246
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• 2005

The weight reduction of carbody stl1lctures is of great concern in developing high speed tilting train for the normal operation of tilting system. The use of composite materials for the carbody structures has many advantages due to their excellent material propel1ies. In this paper, finite element analysis was conducted to verify the safety of the composite structures of Tilting Train eXpress(TTX). A train prototype with carbon/epoxy composite carbody was manufactured to perform static loading tests according to JIS E 7105. The loading tests were simulated by FE analysis to compare with the test results. To obtain more accurate and detailed result of stress distribution in local region of carbody, the submodeling approach was used. The submodeling analysis results showed the high levels of stress concentration occured on window frame part of TTX as the loading test results did.