• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.119-126
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• 2019

The partial inverse optimization problem is an interesting variant of the inverse optimization problem in which the given instance of an optimization problem need to be modified so that a prescribed partial solution can constitute a part of an optimal solution in the modified instance. In this paper, we consider the traveling salesman problem defined on the line (TSP on the line) which has many applications such as item delivery systems, the collection of objects from storage shelves, and so on. It is worth studying the partial inverse TSP on the line, defined as follows. We are given n requests on the line, and a sequence of k requests that need to be served consecutively. Each request has a specific position on the real line and should be served by the server traveling on the line. The task is to modify as little as possible the position vector associated with n requests so that the prescribed sequence can constitute a part of the optimal solution (minimum Hamiltonian cycle) of TSP on the line. In this paper, we show that the partial inverse TSP on the line and its variant can be solved in polynomial time when the sever is equiped with a specific internal algorithm Forward Trip or with a general optimal algorithm.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2022

Background: Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) upregulates in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the development of neuropathic pain (NP). We investigated the effects of cyanocobalamin alone or in combination with morphine on pain and the relationship between these effects and spinal TSP4 expression in neuropathic rats. Methods: NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Cyanocobalamin (5 and 10 mg/kg/day) was administered 15 days before CCI and then for 4 and 14 postoperative days. Morphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) was administered only post-CCI. Combination treatment included cyanocobalamin and morphine, 10 and 5 mg/kg/day, respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally. Nociceptive thresholds were detected by esthesiometer, analgesia meter, and plantar test, and TSP4 expression was assessed by western blotting and fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Results: CCI decreased nociceptive thresholds in all tests and induced TSP4 expression on the 4th postoperative day. The decrease in nociceptive thresholds persisted except for the plantar test, and the increased TSP4 expression reversed on the 14th postoperative day. Cyanocobalamin and low-dose morphine alone did not produce any antinociceptive effects. High-dose morphine improved the decreased nociceptive thresholds in the esthesiometer when administered alone but combined with cyanocobalamin in all tests. Cyanocobalamin and morphine significantly induced TSP4 expression when administered alone in both doses for 4 or 14 days. However, this increase was less when the two drugs are combined. Conclusions: The combination of cyanocobalamin and morphine is more effective in antinociception and partially decreased the induced TSP4 expression compared to the use of either drug alone.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 1999

Background: Ineffective cell-mediated immune response in human tuberculosis is associated with a depressed Thl cytokine response and reduced production of IFN-$\gamma$. Most persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are healthy tuberculin reactors with protective immunity, but a minority with ineffective immunity develop extensive pulmonary tuberculosis. The cell-mediated immune response is an important aspect of host resistance to mycobacterial infection and is believed to be tightly regulated by a balance between Th1 cytokines including IFN-$\gamma$, IL-12, IL-18, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and Th2 counterparts such as IL-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-l (MCP-l). Methods: Proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN-$\gamma$, RANTES and MCP-l by RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to in vitro stimulation with mycobacterial antigens were compared in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with cured and treatment failure and in tuberculin-positive and tuberculin-negative healthy subjects. Results: Defective proliferative responsiveness to aqueous TSP antigen was involved with treatment failure tuberculosis patients. Aqueous TSP antigen-induced IFN-$\gamma$ and RANTES mRNA expression was decreased in treatment failure tuberculosis patients compared with healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (23.1 % versus 90.0% for IFN-$\gamma$ and 46.2% versus 70.0% versus 46.2% for RANTES). The frequency of MCP-l mRNA expression to aqueous TSP antigen in treatment failure tuberculosis patients was greater than in healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (76.9% versus 40.0%). Conclusion: The increasing expression of MCP-1 mRNA in response to aqueous TSP antigen might be predicted to favor Th1 responses and restricted Th1 responses in treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-31
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• 1991

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2000

Physicochemical changes of refrigerated chicken legs treated with acetic acid and trisodium phosphate (TSP) during storage at the temperature of 1$\pm$2。C or 4。C. Chicken (average weight of 500$\pm$30 g) legs were treated with 2.5-10% (w/v) TSP and 0.5-2%(v/v) acetic acid soluions at exposure times of 10 min. pH values of chicken legs treated with 2.5-10% TSP significantly (P<0.05) increased at initial days compared to control, which were consistent with the results of treatments of 5-10% TSP solutions fur storage of 8 days at retail levels. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of chicken legs treated with 2.5-10% TSP or 0.5-2% acetic acid solutions significantly increased from initial days to 4days of storage compared to controls. pH values of chicken legs treated with 0.5-2% acetic acid significantly decreased at initial days compared to control, which were consistent with the results of treatments of 1.5-2% acetic acid solutions for storage of 16 days at 4。C. Chicken legs treated with 0.5-2% acetic acid solutions were a significantly different Hunter color L$^+$ values during storage of 4 and 8 days compared to the controls. Chicken legs treated with 1-2% acetic acid solutions were a significantly different Hunter color a$^+$ values during storage of 16 days compared to the controls. Chicken legs treated with 0.5-2% acetic acid solutions were a significantly different Hunter color b$^+$ values during storage from 4 to 12 days compared to the controls.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.154-162
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• 2004

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a negative regulator in tumor growth and angiogenesis, is cell-type specifically regulated and at transcriptional level by external stimuli. Previously, we found that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) suppressed TSP-1 expression in porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cell, but enhanced in hepatoma cell line, Hep 3B cell. A region between -767 and -723 on the tsp-1 promoter was defined as a responsive site to the suppression in PAE cell. eased on the previous results, the molecular mechanism of TSP-1 expression was determined by characterizing interactions between cis-elements and trans-factors using three overlapped oligonucleotide probes, oligo a-1 (from -767 to -738), a-2 (-759 to -730) and a-3 (-752 to -723). The results from electromobility shift assay showed that PMA-induced suppression of TSP-1 transcription in PAE cell might be caused via a negative regulator binding to the region from -752 to -730 and additionally generated by lacking two positive regulators binding to the sites from -767 to -760 and from -752 to -730. Especially, PMA enhanced the binding ability of the negative regulator to the site from -752 to -730 in PAE cell, but anti-c-Jun did not affected its binding ability.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine the quality characteristics and shelf-life of low-fat sausages (LFS) with 0.4% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) alone or in combination with a 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP) solution during refrigerated storage. When 0.4% STPP was added, no differences in pH values were observed. However, pH values increased with the addition of the TSP solution when 0.4% STPP was incorporated. The addition of STPP into LFS decreased redness and the dipping in the TSP solution increased yellowness (p<0.05). Total bacteria and Listeria monocytogenes, which inoculated Log $10^{3-4}$ colony forming units (CFU/g) were increased with increased storage time. At 4 wk of storage, total bacteria and Listeria monocytogenes reached levels of 8.03-8.22 Log CFU/g, however they decreased to 7.89 Log CFU/g at 8 wk of storage time. Due to the pH increases, Listeria monocytogenes significantly increased in LFS dipping with 10% TSP. Based on these results, LFS dipping with 10% TSP solution promoted the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, regardless of STPP addition. These results indicated that 0.4% STPP addition and dipping with TSP affected the pH and color, however, it didn't extend the shelf-life of LFSs during refrigerated storage.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.315-324
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• 2003

The characteristics of particles were evaluated through the measurement data of PM$_{2.5}$, PM$_{10}$ and TSP instruments located in air quality monitoring stations installed and operated by Seoul Metropolitan city. The data of particulate mass on the filter was collected bv a high volume air sampler during the sand storm period. The number of days of sand storm in Seoul showed a different pattern from 1990 to November 2002, We can see a trend of increased occurrence and duration of sand storms. The ratio of PM$_{10}$ to TSP was shown as 52.9% and 59.4% during the sand storm period in 2000 and 2001. respectively. It was indicated that the particles larger than 10${\mu}$m increased by approximately 10% in sand storm periods compared to no sand storm period. While PM$_{10}$ size fraction reached 71.4% in 2002, the contribution of sand storm to total particulate concentration was estimated to be 11.9% for PM$_{2.5}$, 23.1% for PM$_{10}$, 19% for TSP in 2002, respectively and sand storms highly correlated with annual total particulate concentration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.212-222
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• 1982

The effect of changing dietary protein sources (meat vs. textured soy protein, TSP) on serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and on urinary creatinine and 3-methylhistidine(3-MeHis) excretion was studied in eight healthy women. All subjects were put on the control diet, meat diet, and TSP diet for 3 days in each diet regimen and had 4-day adaptation period between the regimens. The 24-hour urine was collected on the third day of each diet period and fasting blood was sampled on the morning of the fourth day. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increased significantly after the meat diet when compared with the control diet, but decreased significantly after the TSP diet. Urinary excretion of creatinine and 3-methylhistidine decreased significantly after the TSP diet when compared with the meat diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.507-513
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• 2008

The development of soy cutlets containing textured soy protein (TSP) as a meat analog was studied. In order to decrease the beany flavor and to increase the texture, TSP was treated with 0.3% Flavourzyme or 0.1% Protamex for 10 or 20 min, respectively. The degree of hydrolysis for TSP treated with Protamex was higher than that treated with Flavourzyme. Hydrolysis was observed to increase as the reaction time was increased for both Flavourzyme and Protamex. The water holding capacity of TSP treated with Protamex for 10 min was the highest, and that treated with Flavourzyme for 20 min was similar to that of Protamex treatment for 20 min. The oil binding capacity of TSP treated with Protamex for 20 min was the highest. The hardness of the soy cutlets using TSP treated with Flavourzyme for 10 min was higher than that treated for 20 min, while that of Protamex treated for 20 min was higher than that treated for 10 min. The cohesiveness of the soy cutlets using TSP treated with Flavourzyme or Protamex for 10 min was higher than those treated for 20 min. The chewiness of the soy cutlets treated with Flavourzyme for 10 min was higher than for those treated for 20 min, while those treated with Protamex for 20 min was higher than those treated for 10 min. The springiness of TSP treated with Flavourzyme for 20 min was higher than those treated for 10 min, and higher than those treated with Protamex for 10 or 20 min. For sensory evaluation, the beany flavor of the soy cutlets treated with Protamex for 20 min was the weakest. The flavor and chewiness of both a pork cutlet and a soy cutlet treated with Protamex for 20 min were the best. In the overall quality, soy cutlets treated with Protamex for 20 min was the most desirable. In conclusion, soy cutlets treated with 0.1% Protamex for 20 min could be a reasonable substitute of pork cutlets.