• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.338-344
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• 2011

Molecular phylogenetic studies were conducted to evaluate evolutionary trends, relationships and species identities among four species, one variety and one outgroup of the Korean Genus Calystegia. The important characteristics of Calystegia are the shape of the lamina, the length ofthe corolla and the presence of hair. However, many variations were observed as regards the characteristics of the leaf, making true identification difficult. In molecular phylogenetic studies, C. soldanella formed one clade, and it was located mostly in the base. C. hederacea and C. sepium did not form an independent clade in their ITS regions and psbA-trnH regions, and this investigation could not confirm a relationship. Therefore, a relationship between these two species is not sufficiently supported by these markers (ITS and psbA-trnH). Consequently, this research should be achieved through many samples and markers. C. sepium var. japonica and C. dahurica are closely related.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

The purported four hybrid origins of Asplenium in Korea were tested based on morphological, cytological and DNA sequence data. Asplenium castaneo-viride, A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse, A. ${\times}$ montanus, and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae share several morphological characteristics with the Asian walking fern A. ruprechtii and related taxa as parents and show a sympatric distribution with the putative parents, raising the possibility of hybrid origins: A. castaneo-viride (A. ruprechtii and A. incisum), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (A. ruprechtii and A. pekinense), A. ${\times}$ montanus (A. ruprechtii, A. trichomanes, and A. incisum), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (A. ruprechtii and A. sarelii). We investigated flow cytometry and chloroplast DNA sequence data (rbcL, rps4-trnS, and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer) to clarify the hybridization and origin of each hybrid. In the flow cytometry analyses, A. ruprechtii shows diploid (2x) only, whereas A. castaneo-viride (3x, 4x), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (3x), A. ${\times}$ montanus (3x, 4x), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (2x, 4x) exhibit polyploidy, suggesting hybrid events along speciation. The rbcL and rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data suggest that A. ruprechtii is one the maternal ancestors of all four hybrids. In addition, the rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data indicate that A. incisum is also the maternal ancestor of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae and A. ${\times}$ montanus, proposing multiple hybridization events for these two hybrids. In A. ${\times}$ montanus, morphological features such as the leaf forms and sympatric distributions of the species also support the multimaternal hypothesis, but the morphological features of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae must be examined with consideration of hybrid events. To clarify the complex hybrid evolutionary lineages of the four Asplenium hybrids, further research with taxon sampling and molecular markers should be conducted.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.266-277
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• 2003

Every conceptual temporal rat relationship can be described using one of seven relations (before, meets, overlaps, during, starts, finishes, and equals ). The conceptual representation provides an efficient means for our multimedia authoring system to automatically fill in the necessary timing details. We developed a multimedia Presentation authoring system that supports a mechanism for conceptually representing the temporal relations of different media. Among the many editors that make up our system, the temporal relation editor provides users with an intuitive mechanism for representing the conceptual flow of a presentation by simple and direct graphical manipulations. Our system is based on the SMIL(Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language). The conceptual temporal relation editor and other editors of our system exchange their information in real-time and automatically generate SMIL codes through the SMIL Object Manager. Our system uses TRN(Temporal Relation Network) as its internal multimedia presentation representation. The TRN corresponds exactly to the structure seen in the graphical representation of the presentation. A parallel relationship found in a TRN can be collapsed into a single synchronization block. This facilitates the determination of the playing time of each component and can be the basic unit for reusability of already prepared blocks of presentation code.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.263-277
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• 2006

Anemone pendulisepala, recently described as a new species, is distributed in sympatry with A. reflexa, A. amurensis, and A. raddeana at Mt. taebeark and Mt. Baekdu. Anemone pendulisepala was previously proposed to be a hybrid species between A. reflexa and A. amurensis becaue it displavs overlapping features with them in involucre shape, petiole length, sepal apex and xylem shape, To verify the taxonomic status and to examine the hybridity of A. pendulisepala, sequences of ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the psba-trnH, rps16 and trnLF region of cpDNA from 36 accessions of 5 taxa including outgroup were analyzed. In maximum parsimony tree based on ITS sequences, A. pendulisepala had the same sequences of A. reflexa and was clustered with monophyletic A. amurensis, and then A. raddeana. Anemone pendulisepala was distinguished from the other taxa by having four base insertion in rps16 region, two species-specific bases and insertion in trnLF region. In the phylogenetic trees of combined cpDNA, A. pendulisepala showed monophyly with the bootstrap 100%. Anemone pendulisepala exhibited no polymorphism and shared no sequences with putative parental or related taxa examined in this study. Molecular data suggest that A. pendulisepala should be a distinct species, and no evidence of the hybridization was detectcd.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.335-358
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• 2004

To investigate molecular phylogenetic relationships and to test hypothesis of hybrid origin of Ranunculus cantoniensis (Ranunculaceae), the sequences of nrDNA and chloroplast DNA were analyzed for 8 taxa and 25 accessions including 5 accessions of outgroup. In the phylogenetic trees by analyses of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood for ITS nrDNA sequences and combined data of psbA-trnH, rps16 and trnL sequences of cpDNA, R. cantoniensis was most closely related to R. chinensis, and then to R. taciroi and R. silerifolius. The molecular phylogenetic relationships were not congruent with the previous report that R. cantoniensis was most closely related to R. silerifolius. In the sequence analysis of ITS and psbA-trnH, rps16, trnL for R. cantoniensis and the related taxa, R. cantoniensis showed polymorphism. It supported that the polymorphism also was reported in chromosome number and karyotype of R. cantoniensis. Ranunculus cantoniensis shared the marker gene of R. chinensis and R. silerifolius in ITS, and one of R. silerifolius in cpDNA. These results supported the hypothesis that R. cantoniensis was caused by hybridization between R. chinensis and R. silerifolius based on chromosome number and karyotype, and also estimated that R. silerifolius might be of maternal origin and R. chinensis be paternal.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.477-485
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• 1998

To underatand in vitro regulation of differentiation, the effects of growth regulators and nitrogen source on metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides in suspension culture of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated. The suspension cells (cell clusters) were directly induced from the epicotyl segments of the seedlings, which were cultivated in MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L of kinetin. When compared with cell wall sugar contents of the epicotyl segments, the cellulose content of the suspension-cultured cells decreased; while the pectin and hemicellulose content increased; suggesting increases of rhamnogalacturonan I and arabinogalactan IIduring the dedifferentiation, respectively, The effects of growth regulators(2,4-D, 1.0mg/L and kinetin, 0.5mg/L) and nitrogen source (potasium nitrate, 19.0mg/L and ammonium nitrate, 16.5 g/L) in the medium on the proliferation and the turnover of the cell wall polysaccharides were investigated for 30 days. In the medium with growth regulators and without nitrogen source, the proliferation rate was extremely high (16 folds). Growth regulators and nitrogen source increased the pectin content. Analysis of neutral sugar composition of pectin fraction showed that nitrogen source enhanced rhamnose level remarkably, suggesting that rhamnogalacturonan I was the one most likely synthesized. In hemicellulose fraction, growth regulators reduced arabinose level, suggesting that arabinogalactan II was degraded. And nitrogen source reduced galactose level, suggesting that xyloglucan was also degraded.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.384-390
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• 2012

In this paper, we analyzed the navigation error of TERCOM (TErrain COntour Matching), which is TRN (Terrain Referenced Navigation) batch processing, caused by scale factor error of radar altimeter and proved the possibility of false position fix when we use the TERCOM's feature matching algorithm. Based on these, we proposed the new TRN batch processing algorithm using the slope measurements of terrain. The proposed technique measures on periodic changes in the slope of the terrain elevation profile, and these measurements are used in the feature matching algorithm. By using the slope of terrain data, the impact of scale factor errors can be compensated. By simulation, we verified improved outcome using this approach compared to the result using the conventional method.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2017

Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau is a widely used medicinal perennial woody plant. For conservation and germplasm utilization of the plant, it is imperative to obtaining information regarding the genetic diversity of the plant populations. Although C. tricuspidata is an important medicinal plant registered in South Korea, no molecular markers are currently available to distinguish Korean-specific ecotypes from other ecotypes of different countries. In this study, we developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from chloroplast genomic sequences to identify distinct Korean-specific ecotypes of C. tricuspidata via the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR analyses. Molecular authentication of twelve C. tricuspidata ecotypes from different regions was performed, using DNA sequences in the trnL-F chloroplast intergenic region. The SNP markers developed in this study are useful for rapidly identifying specific C. tricuspidata ecotypes from different regions.

• ALGAE
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2002

The transition of plant life from aquatic algae to land to land plants was one of the major events in the history of life. However, in hypothesizing the exact evolutionary path of the transition, limited shared phenotypic characters in aquatic algae and land plants (embryophytes) have been a major hinderance. Chloroplast genomes contain characters useful in tracing evolutionary histories. Embryophyte chloroplast genomes are distinguished from algal cpDNAs by having over 20 group Ⅱ introns, some of which were gained during the transition from algae to embryophytes (Manhart and Palmer 1990; Lew and Manhart 1993;Lee and Manhart 2002). Here we examine a gene cluster that, in land plants, contains psbB, psbT, psbH, petB and petD with introns found in petB and petD (petB.i and petD.i). In addition the presence/absence of introns in trnA and trnI (trnA.i and trnI.i) were determined in all five major lineages of charophytes. We found that the psbB gene cluster occurs in most surveyed charophytes and embryophytes except Spirogyra (Zygnematales) which lacks it due to intra-genomic rearrangement. All four introns are absent in Chlorokybus but present in some or all of the other four charophyte lineages (Klebsormidiales, Zygnematales, Coleochaetales, and Charales). In addition, Chlorokybus is distinguished from other charophytes and embryophytes by having an unusually long spacer (over 2 kb) between psbH-petB. The results indicate that Chlorokybus diverged before the intron gains but after psbB gene cluster formation, placing the other charophyte lineages closer to embryophytes.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2009

Schizonepeta spike (Korean name "Hyung-Gae") has been used for oriental medicinal purposes in Korea, China and Japan. In this study, twenty six "Hyung-Gae" samples were collected including nine certified Schizonepeta tenuifolia plants, and seventeen commercially marketed "Hyung-Gae" products. Chloroplast trnL-F and rDNA ITS regions of the "Hyung-Gae" samples were sequenced and used to identify whether the samples were genuine S. tenuifolia or not. As the result, the trnL-F and ITS sequences of all the "Hyung-Gae" samples were shown to be identical and it was proven that commercially available medicinal products "Hyung-Gae" are genuine S. tenuifolia. Phylogenetic tree of S. tenuifolia using the trnL-F sequences was constructed and compared with phylogenetic tree using ITS of rDNA region sequences. In these tree, S. tenuifolia was affiliated in the family Lamiaceae. It is proven that trnL-F and ITS phylogenetic trees are useful to study taxonomic position of S. tenuifolia.