• Title/Summary/Keyword: TOXICITY TEST

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Ecological Toxicity Assessment in Wetland Sediments (습지 퇴적물의 생태 환경독성도 평가)

  • Lee, Chan-Won;Kwon, Young-Taek
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.69-85
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    • 2000
  • Wetlands are generally thought to be among the most fertile and productive ecosystems of the world. They provide a variety of ecological functions to the landscape. In recent years there has been considerable research activity to generate more scientific documentation on the ecological functions of wetlands. Many pollutants released to the environment settle and accumulate in the silt and mud called sediment on the bottoms of wetlands. Contaminated sediment can cause adverse effects to aquatic organism and eventually to ecological system. Sediment toxicity test with water fleas has been done by standardized preparation method of pore and elutriate water methods described in the literature for the need to protect Woopo wetlands. The results of Daphnia magna, Ceridaphnia dubla and Simocephalus sp. toxicity test were compared and discussed in terms of the relative sensitivity and discrimination abilities with both pore and elutriate water obtained from the sediments of Woopo wetlands.

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GLP-Application to Cell Culture-Based Toxicity Tests

  • Koh, Woo-Suk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.95-101
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    • 2006
  • Compare to the toxicity tests using experimental animals, the GLP application and compliance in toxicity studies using cell culture systems may be less straightforward elucidated in the two documents published by the OECD Working Croup on GLP 'The Application of the GLP Principles to Short Term Studies (1999)' and 'The Application of the Principles of GLP to in vitro Studies (2004)' The object of this presentation is to show how to interpret the GLP principles and to apply with actual performances in a well known toxicity test using cell culture, chromosome aberration study. The presentation will cover test substance, test system (cell line), study environment management, documentation, quality assurance, and study protocol and report.

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Effect of Nanomaterials on the Early Development of Fish Embryos: (1) Carbon and Other Nanomaterials (어류수정란 발달에 미치는 나노독성 연구동향: (1) 탄소계 및 기타 나노물질)

  • Shin, Yu-Jin;An, Youn-Joo
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.762-767
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    • 2012
  • The ecotoxicity assessment of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment is actively conducted throughout the world because of the concerns about their potential risk from usage and release into the environment, as well as their unique physiochemical properties. Ecotoxicity tests for NMs have been conducted using various species and methods; however, in spite of these efforts, the characteristics and toxicity of NMs have not been defined. The fish embryo toxicity test (FET) has been conducted extensively to evaluate the toxicity of NMs as an alternative to a whole-body test in fish. In this study, we collected and analyzed the trends of nanotoxicity on the early development of freshwater fish. The model nanomaterials are carbon NMs ($C_{60},\;C_{70},\;C_{60}$(OH)n and carbon nanotube). Their adverse effects were extensively investigated based on the properties of NMs, test species, and diverse exposure conditions.

Single Dose Oral Toxicity and Genotoxicological Safety Study of Ssanghwa-tang Fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus (유산균 발효 쌍화탕에 대한 단회 투여 경구 독성 및 유전 독성 연구)

  • Chung, Tae-Ho;Shim, Ki-Shuk;Kim, Dong-Seon;Lee, Jae-Hoon;Ma, Jin-Yeul
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.67-83
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the single dose toxicity with oral administration and genotoxicities of Ssanghwa-tang fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus. Materials and Methods: Clinical signs, weight changes, lethal doses$(LD_{50})$, and postmortem evaluation were determined by Globally Harmonized Classification System(GHCS) in a single-dose oral toxicity study. In vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test was conducted with Ames test by cell proliferation suppression assessment using the cultivated CHO-K1(Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast) origins. Bacterial reversion assay was performed using Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) and Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). In vivo micronucleus test was performed using ICR mouse bone marrow. Results: No clinical sign was observed and none of the groups with doses up to 2000 mg/kg showed significant acute oral toxicity in the single dose oral administration. None of the sample doses taken during the 6 to 18 hour groups showed significant aberrant metaphases comparing to the negative control group in the in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test. No evidence of mutagenicity was seen for Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA) or Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537). No significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei was seen in the micronucleus test. Conclusion: These results indicate that the $LD_{50}$ value of Ssanghwa-Tang fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus may be over 2000 mg/kg and it have no acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity.

A Study on the Risk of Particulate Materials Included in the Combustion Products of Building Materials (건축재료 연소생성물에 포함된 입자상 물질의 위험성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Nam-Kyun;Cho, Nam-Wook;Rie, Dong-Ho
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 2016
  • In this study, the experiment to confirm the risks of particulate material was carried out as a precedent study for developing the toxicity evaluation method of combustion products including the toxicity of particulate material. In the experiment, the test result of filtering and exposing particulate material among combustion products and that of exposing combustion products including particulate material were compared and analyzed by analyzing changes in average movement stop time according to the installation of Membrane filter between the stirring box and test box through the gas toxicity test of the same specimen to filter particulate material among combustion products. As the test result, in case of installing a filter, the average movement stop time of an experimental rat increased by up to 264% in case of lumber specimen and up to 179% in case of urethane specimen. Through such result, the necessity of identifying the toxicity of particulate material and carrying out quantitative toxicity test for particulate material was confirmed.

Fabrication of Ex vivo Cornea Model for a Drug Toxicity Evaluation (약물 독성 평가용 생체외 각막 모델 제작 연구)

  • Kim, Seon-Hwa;Park, Sang-Hyug
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.143-150
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    • 2019
  • To evaluate the toxicity of ophthalmic drug, the Draize test and Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test commonly used. In Draize test, experimental animals were under stress and pain due to long-term exposure of drug. In addition, regarding physiological functions, animal model is not perfectly reflected a human eye condition. Although some models such as $EpiOcular^{TM}$, HCE model, LabCyte Cornea-Model, and MCTT $HCE^{TM}$ were already presented advanced cornea ex-vivo model to replace animal test. In this sense, cornea tissue structure mimicked ex-vivo toxicity model was fabricated in this study. The corneal epithelial cells (CECs) and keratocytes (CKs) isolated from rabbit eyeball were seeded on non-patterned silk film (n-pSF) and patterned silk film (pSF) at $32,500cells/cm^2$ and $6,500cells/cm^2$. Sequentially, n-pSF and pSF were stacked to mimic a multi-layered stroma structure. The thickness of films was about $15.63{\mu}m$ and the distance of patterns was about $3{\mu}m$. H&E stain was performed to confirm the cell proliferation on silk film. F-actin of CKs was also stained with Phalloidin to observe the cytoskeletal alignment along with patterns of the pSF. In the results, CECs and CKs were shown the good cell attachment on the n-pSF and pSFs. Proliferated cells expressed the specific phenotype of cornea epithelium and stroma. In conclusion, we successfully established the ex-vivo cornea toxicity model to replace the eye irritation tests. In further study, we will set up the human ex-vivo cornea toxicity model and then will evaluate the drug screening efficacy.

Single Oral Dose Toxicity Test of Standardized Cornus officinalis and Psoralea corylifolia L. Extracts in Sprague-Dawley Rat (산수유, 보골지 복합추출물의 Sprague-Dawley rat를 이용한 단회경구투여 독성시험)

  • Jin, Bo-Ram;Kang, Hyun-Ae;Cominguez, Divina C.;Kim, Myoung-Seok;Lee, Kwang-Ho;Yoon, Il-Joo;An, Hyo-Jin
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2019
  • Objectives : In this animal study, we performed the single oral dose toxicity test of Standardized Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and Psoralea corylifolia L. 30% ethanol extract (SCP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats owing to aims for verifying approximate lethal dose (ALD). Methods : According to OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals section 4 health effects test No. 420 acute oral toxicity study - fixed dose procedure (17 December 2001), single oral dose toxicity test was performed. Animals were divided into two groups: Group 1, vehicle-treated rats (Control); Group 2, SCP 5000 mg/kg treated rats. SCP is composed of two medicinal herbs: Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (650 g) and Psoralea corylifolia L. (350 g) in 30% ethanol. SCP was once orally administered to female and male SD rats at dose levels of 5000 mg/kg. Animals were monitored on the mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and necropsy findings for 14 days. Results : After single oral treatment of SCP, we could not find any mortality up to 5000 mg/kg. Compared with the control group, there were also no significant differences in clinical sign, weight change, weight gain and gross abnormalities in SCP 5000 mg/kg-treated group. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that the ALD of SCP in both female and male SD rats were considered as over 5000 mg/kg. Results from this study provide scientific evidence for the safety of SCP.

Safety Evaluation of IGEs Separated and Refined from Colostrum (초유로부터 분리.정제된 IGFs의 안전성 평가에 관한 연구)

  • 조양희;이수원;정명섭;백승화;제갈승주;박강용
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.137-144
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to investigate safety evaluation of IGEs separated and refined from bovine milk and commercial recombinant human IGFs. In order to evaluate toxicity of these samples, acute toxicity test and short term toxicity test were investigated with IGF-I separated and refined from colostrum and commercial recombinant human IGF-I from R&D systems company. for acute toxicity test, we selected recombinant human IGF-I from R&D systems company and establish one control group and three dose-level groups(0, 10, 20 and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$ per rat). We have intravenously injected tail of rats with selected sample once. After 20 days, pathological cellular tissue analyses were investigated with liver, kidney and spleen of 12 rats in all test groups. However, Morbid tissue and abnormal statistical results were not discovered in all cellular tissues. For short term toxicity test, we selected IGF-I separated and refined from colostrum and establish one control group and three dose-level groups(0, 5, 10 and 15 $\mu\textrm{g}$/day per rat). Rats were orally injected with selected sample once a day during two weeks. After short term toxicity test period, Pathological cellular tissue analyses were investigate with liver, kidney and spleen of 12 rats in all test groups. However, Morbid tissue and abnormal statistical results were not discovered in all cellular tissues. These results suggest that IGF-I treated groups show no significant toxicological findings with changes of body weight, food consumption, water consumption, and pathological findings compared with control groups.

Safety study on Genetic Toxicity of Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Herbal acupuncture Solution(CPCHA) (유전독성시험에 의한 녹용약침의 안전성 연구)

  • Seo, Bu-Il;Byun, Boo-Hyeong
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate genetic toxicity of Cervi pantotrichum Cornu herbal acupuncture solution(CPCHA). Methods : In this study, a series of investigation have been carried out to analyze the effects of Cervi pantotrichum Cornu herball acupuncture solution(CPCHA) on colony forming ability of NIH3T3cells, Hela cells and adrenorectal coloncell for genetic toxicity test. Results and Conclusions : From the above results, it is suggested that Cervi pantotrichum Cornu herball acupuncture solution(CPCHA) was limited 0.5-10ug/ml by test. Cervi pantotrichum Cornu herball acupuncture solution(CPCHA) did not exert the protective role to the genetic toxicity in kinds of cell lines used in this study. From these results, Cervi pantotrichum Cornu herbal aqua-acupuncture solution needs further study to prove it's function in cell culture system.

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The Safety of Thesium Chinese Turczaninow Aqua-Acupuncture Solution (하고초약침(夏枯草藥鍼)의 안전성(安全性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lim Sa-Bi-Na
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.357-367
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    • 1998
  • This experiment was carried out to study on the acute toxicity of Thesium Chinese Turczaninow solution for aqua-acupuncture. Test material was manufactured by 'Water Alcohol method'. Mice and rats were used for this test. According to this experimental results, there were not observed any acute toxicity with Thesium Chinese Turczaninow solution for aqua-acupuncture. So Thesium Chinese Turczaninow solition for aqua-acupuncture is considered a have level of cliniccal safety. It is expected to be clinically helpful, and it is considered that continuous study is necessary.

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