• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.803-823
• /
• 1999

In order to reveal immunopathogenesis of periodontal tissue destruction, it is important to clarify the molecular mechanism of trafficking and retention of activated leukocytes, including monocytes/macrophages. Gingival fibroblasts may be involved in the regulation of inflammatory cell accumulation in the extravascular periodontal connective tissues via cytokine production and surface expression of adhesion molecules. In this study, it was investigated the molecular basis for the adhesive interactions between monocytes and fibroblasts such as peri-odontal ligament fibroblast(PDLF), human gingival fibroblast(HGF), and human dermal fibroblast(HDF). First, it was examined the evidence whether monocyte-fibroblast cell contact may cause signal transduction in fibroblasts. Being directly in contact with fixed human monocyte cell line THP-1, or U937, upregulation of IL-6 production, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression and increased cell proliferation could be seen for fibroblasts. IL-6 production induced by monocyte- fibroblast coculture were further increased when fibroblasts had been pretreated with $IFN-{\gamma}$ or $IL-1{\beta}$ , and monocytes with LPS. Next, it was examined the expression of ICAM-1 which has been known to be involved in accumulation and activation of leukocytes in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. ICAM-1 was upregulated up to 10-fold on PDLF, HGF, and HDF by exposure to $IFN-{\gamma}$ or $IL-1{\beta}$. Furthermore, anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody clearly blocked cocultureinduced IL-6 production by fibroblasts, suggesting that $ICAM-1/{\beta}_2$integrin pathway is involved in periodontal fibroblastmonocyte interaction. Overall, these findings provide evidence that periodontal fibroblasts could be involved in the accumulation and retention of monocytes/macrophages in periodontal inflammatory lesion at least in part by ICAM-1 expression. In addition, periodontal fibroblast-monocyte interaction could cause activation signals in fibroblasts intracellularly which result in cytokine production and cell proliferation. Thus, periodontal fibroblasts are speculated to play an important role in immunoregulation and tissue destruction in chronic periodontal diseases by interaction with monocytes/macrophages.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2002

Objective : We aimed to identify the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of Sabaek-san(瀉白散) and Sabaeksan plus Sasam(Adenophorae Radix) 瀉白散加沙蔘) on the mRNA expressions of Interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) involved in the asthma model. Materials and Methods : Through this study, BEAS-2B cell lines, human epithelial cells were used. These cells were stimulated by tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ and histamine for artificial inflammatory expression. ${\beta}$-action messenger RNA(mRNA) was used for standards. After each 24hours of Sabaeksan and Sabaeksan plus Sasam treatment, total cellular RNAs were collected by treating RNA zol directly on living cells, Then the transcriptional activities of IL-6, 8 and GM-CSF were measured by RT-PCR with electrophoresis, Results : The mRNA expressions of IL-6 are significantly inhibited compared to those of controlled group at 40 and 100ug/ml of Sabaeksan extract and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan plus Sasam extract (p<0.05). The mRNA expressions of IL-8 are significantly inhibited compared to that of controlled group at 2.40 and 100 ug/ml of Sabaeksan extract and $40.100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan plus Sasam extract(p<0.05) THe mRNA expressions of GM-CSF are significantly inhibited compared to those of the controlled group at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan extract adn $40.100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan plus Sasam extract.(p<0.05) Conclusions : This study shows that Sabaeksan and Sabaeksan plus Sasam have dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF in human epithelial cells. Therefore, these types of herb medicine may inhibit the inflammatory process of asthma. Advanced studies are required to investigate the mechanisms of inhibition by herb medicine in the asthma model.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the anti-photoaging effects of Persimmon leaf tea(PLT) in hairless mice(SKH-1) exposed to UVB radiation. The animals were divided into non-treated group (normal, N) and UV-radiated groups. UV-radiated groups were divided into only UV-radiated group(control, C) and UV-radiated and PLT treated experimental groups[first extraction treated group(PLT-I), second extraction treated groupe(PLT-II), and third extraction treated group(PLT-III)]. Three PLT treated experimental groups of mice were treated with both oral administration(300mg/Kg B.W./day) and topical application (100 ul of 2% conc./mouse/day) for 4 weeks. Anti-photoaging effects of Persimmon leaf were evaluated by MTT assay, anti oxidative reaction, MMP immunohistochemistry, gelatin zymography assay and RT-PCR observations. Treatment with Persimmon leaf tea(PLT)-I, and -III groups decreased immunohistochemical density of matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-3 and -9 related to degradation of extracellular matrix in skin. Especially, immunohistochemical density of MMP-2 decreased in PLT-I, -II and -III groups in skin. On the effects of antioxidant function on the treatment with Persimmon leaf tea(PLT), treatment of HaCaT cells with extracts of PLT-I and PLT-II had also significantly reduced intracellular ROS produced by UVB irradiation in a dose dependent manner(PLT-I, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001; PLT-II, p<0.01, p<0.001). Gelatin zymography assay revealed that PLT-II and PLT-III (200 ug/ml) had inhibitory effect on MMP-9 expression in UVB-radiated HaCaT cells. Western blot analysis revealed that PLT-1, -II and -III groups down-regulates the expression of inflammatory associated genes(IL-$1{\beta}$) and PLT-1 and -II groups down-regulates the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in a dose dependent manner. Our study suggests that Persimmon leaf tea(PLT) extracts participates in inhibitory effects on the morphological and molecular experiments related to photoaging skin on UVB irradiated hairless mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.1168-1177
• /
• 2008

Atopic dermatitis(AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. AD has increased gradually, many people are tortured with AD. Chunggi-san(CG) and Samhwangseze-gamibang(SG) has been used for many kinds of skin disease in the Oriental medicine. But reports about the effect of CG and SG are insufficient. So, author investigated the effect of CG and SG on NC/Nga atopic mice. Major findings are summarized as follows: The clinical skin severity scores of experimental group in 13 and 16 week were decreased by 42% and 50% compared to the control group. Serum IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGI levels of experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum $IFN-\nu$ was significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, and CCR3 in the skin tissues of experimental group were significantly decreased, and expression level of IL-6 in the skin tissues of experimental group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. $IFN-\nu$ mRNA expression levels was increased compared to the control group. According to biopsy reports of the ear and skin tissues showed that the tissue damage, experimental group were highly reduced compared to the control group. Judging from that $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 express of gene, the effects of inflammatory cytokines revelation were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Depending on the density of CG, inflammatory RAW 264.7 in the serum of CG were significantly inhibited compared to the control serum that leaded a COX-2 activity model.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.604-609
• /
• 2016

In postmenopausal women, estrogen deficiency can be associated with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to lipid, glucose and antioxidnat metabolism. Sprague-Dawley female rats were subjected to either bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation and randomly divided into 3 dietary groups, (n=8) sham-operated fed with normal diet (SHAM), ovariectomized fed with normal diet (OVX), and ovariectomized fed with normal diet supplemented with Eucommia ulmoides extract (OVX-EU). The OVX-EU group showed significantly lower body weight, triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol than that showed by the OVX group. In addition, the OVX-EU group showed improved lipogenesis, glucose-regulating enzyme activities, adipokine and antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings demonstrate that extracts from E. ulmoides extract can be used as a functional food.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.590-596
• /
• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activities of the ethanol extracts (GBE) of grape branches (Campbell Early). The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of GBE was $201.42{\pm}4.16$ and $11.85{\pm}0.44mg\;GAE/g$, respectively. The antioxidant activity of GBE was measured using the ABTS and DPPH assays, and the $IC_{50}$ values were $45.60{\pm}0.09$ and $299.13{\pm}0.22$, respectively. GBE inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, $PGE_2$, COX-2, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, GBE treatment significantly suppressed the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 cytokines in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated HMC-1 human mast cells. Furthermore, the administration of GBE markedly inhibited the scratching behavior induced by the compound 48/80 in ICR mice. These results suggested that GBE has potential as a therapeutic agent against inflammation and itch-related skin diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.597-603
• /
• 2016

This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Gastrodia elata (GE) in an HCl/ethanol induced acute gastritis model by differing the steaming time. The samples GE1 (GE by steaming for 1 time) and GE9 (GE by steaming for 9 times), were selected based on the results of HPLC analysis, free radical scavenging activities, and total phenol and flavonoid contents. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of GE, ICR mice were divided into 5 groups; normal mice (Nor), gastritic mice with distilled water (Con), gastritic mice with 100 mg/kg GE1, gastritic mice with 100 mg/kg GE9 and gastritic mice with 10 mg/kg sucralfate (SC). HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury was markedly improved by GE9 treatment as observed during histological evaluation. The increased reactive oxygen species levels in the serum were diminished by GE9 treatment. Furthermore, peroxynitrite levels of the stomach tissue were decreased in the GE9-treated group. The analyses of stomach proteins indicated that GE9 treatment effectively reduced inflammatory cytokine levels as compared to that by GE1 treatment. These results suggest that GE9 improves health during acute gastritis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.60 no.3
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 2017

Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity as inflammatory factor of Koreinsis chinensis leaf ethanol extract was showed higher inhibitory activity than water extract. 29.5% inhibitory activity was shown at concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations ($5-25{\mu}g/mL$) of Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract and the amount of nitric oxide (NO) was determined; LPS-treated cells produced 3 times more NO than non-LPS treated cells. Moreover, the NO production in cells treated with Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract showed inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner. Due to the stimulant-induced NO production is regulated by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we determined the iNOS protein level to elucidate the mechanism by which the NO production was inhibited. It was reduced by 40% with a Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$ and identified iNOS inhibition in dose-dependent manner. The prostaglandin $E_2$ production in cells treated with Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract was reduced by 26.2% at concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells was inhibited by 64% at $25{\mu}g/mL$ of Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract. Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6 as pro-inflammatory cytokine in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells at $25{\mu}g/mL$ of Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract. Their levels were decreased by 61.7 and 62% respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.548-556
• /
• 2006

This study was to evaluate the effect of Samjayangchin-tang (STYCT) on mouse Th1 and Th2 cells' differentiation and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic inflammation. The proliferation of mouse CD4 T cells and the secretion of Th1/Th2 cytokines under the influence of STYCT extract were measured as well as the amount of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ in RBL-2H3 cells and the levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion in Raw264.7 cells. BALB/c mice were orally administered with STYCT extract and simultaneously inoculated with OVA to induce allergic reaction and measure the level of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE and the production of IFN- g, IL-4, IL-5 by the spleen cells. When mouse CD4 T cell were stimulated with anti-CO3 and anti-CD28 for 48 hours in various concentrations of STYCT extract, it decreased proliferation of CD4 cells. CD4 T cells under Th1/Th2 polarizing conditions for 3 days with STYCT resulted in mild decrease of IFN- g in Th1 cells and significant decrease of IL-4 in Th2 cells. STYCT extract had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on antigen-induced release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ in RBL-2H3 cells. Treatment of STYCT extract on LPS stimulated Raw 264.7 cells showed dose-dependent decrease in IL-6 production. Oral administration of STYCT extract on OVA-induced allergic mice showed an inhibitory effect on the levels of total serum IgE and OVA-specific IgE by 53% and 44%, respectively. Culture of spleen cells with OVA resulted in significant increase of IFN- g by 54% and significant decrease of IL-4 and IL-5 by 42%, and 29%, respectively. The results show that STYCT does not strongly induce mouse T cells to transform into Th1 or Th2 but it has an anti-allergic effect in vitro, and that it also corrects the unbalance between the reactions of Th cells in allergic diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.32-33
• /
• 2006

There is compelling evidence that chronic inflammation predisposes to biliary tract cancer. Previously we found that aspirin use and variants in the PTGS2 gene, both of which are closely linked to inflammation, were associated with biliary tract cancer risk in a population-based study in China. To test the inflammation hypothesis further, we examined the associations of variants in 20 genes involved in the inflammation pathway with risk of biliary tract cancer and stones in a large population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China. We genotyped 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)from 20 inflammation genes in 411 biliary tract cancer cases (237 gallbladder cancers, 127 extrahepatic bile duct cancers, and 47 ampullary cancers), 895 subjects with biliary stones, and 786 population controls. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) for the association of individual SNPs and haplotypes with biliary stones and biliary tract cancer risk. Of the 56 SNPs examined, 20 showed some associations with biliary cancer and stones. Specifically, variants of the IL8, IL8RB, RNASEL, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha genes were associated with gallstone risk, while variants in the IL1A, IL10, VEGF, and RNASEL genes were associated with gallbladder cancer risk. Adjustment for multiple comparisons did not materially change these results. Of the 10 genes with multiple SNPs, we inferred halotypes; only one haplotype in the IL8RBgene was associated with gallstones. The haplotype frequency was significantly different between bile dict cancer cases and control (p=0.007). A haplotype comprising 3 SNPs in the IL8RB gene (rs2230054, rs1126579, rs1126580) was associated with a 54% increased risk of bile duct stones (95% CI 1.14-2.07, p=0.02), relative to the most frequent haplotype. In summary, common variants in immune-related genes influencing inflammatory responeses were associated with gallstones and biliary tract cancer, lending further support to the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of biliary stones and biliary tract cancer. Future larger studies with more complete gene coverage are needed to confirm these results.