• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 고속으로 아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로 변환하기 위한 Flash A/D 변환기를 설계하였다. 해상도는 6-Bit로 설계하였으며, Flash A/D 변환기의 단점인 전력손실과 칩의 면적을 줄이기 위하여 CMOS 트랜지스터의 원리인 Threshold Inverter Quantization(TIQ) 구조를 이용하였다. TIQ로 동작시키기 위한 CMOS 트랜지스터 크기는 HSPICE의 반복적인 시뮬레이션 결과로 결정하였다. Flash A/D 변환기의 변환속도를 낮추는 Encoder 부분은 ROM이나 PLA 구조를 이용하지 않고 속도와 소비전력에서 우수하지만 설계과정이 복잡한 Fat Tree Encoder를 사용하였다. 제조공정은 Magna 0.18um CMOS에 Full Custom 방식으로 설계하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 1.8 V 전원전압에 최대소비전력은 38.43 mW이며 동작속도는 2.7 GSPS를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.84-100
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• 1999

Caring is the essential and universal concept of underlying nursing. Exactly how caring attributes relate to nurses' perception in the context of a contemporary technological environment have yet to be operationlized. In total. 560 Registered Nurses from 5 different university hospitals were involved in this study which aimed to : investigate technological influence and caring attributes as perceived by nurse. Data were obtained using Technological Influence Questionnaire (TIQ) and Caring Attributes Questionnaires(CAQ) which developed by Arthur et al(1999). Data were analyzed using SAS program for frequency. t-test. ANOVA and Tukey's Studentized Range test. and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows : 1) The mean score of TIQ was 48.84 and special unit nurses' TIQ was higher than that of general ward nurses. 2) The mean score of CAQ was 237.02 and it showed significant differences in the following variables : age. religion. educational background. marital status. career, and position. 3) With regard to the mean item score of CAQ by 3 perspectives : theoretical perspectives score was 3.76. practical perspectives score was 4.03, and pedagogical perspectives score was 3.84. 4) The correlation between TIQ score and CAQ score was slightly moderate (r=.35), The CAQ mean scsre was significantly different accordig to the level of TIQ meen score. The CAQ mean score was $247.19(\pm18.17)$ in high TIQ(>mean+1SD) group, $236.21(\pm19.71)$ In moderate $TIQ(between\;mean{\pm}1SD) $ group, and $228.47(\pm18.07)$ in low TIQ( (mean-1SD) group. In conclusion, nurses perceived the CAQ differently by several demographic characteristics which relating to age. religion, eduacational background. marital status. career. and position. This study provides an important message for administrators and nurse educators by highlighting factors which can be addressed by education programs. staff development and appraisal. Further research is necessary to improve and refine the Korean version of TIQ and CAQ instead of Arthur et al's scales directly to Korean nurses.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 디지털 신호를 실시간으로 처리하기 인한 TIQ 방식의 Flash 6-bit ADC 회로를 설계하였다. 새로운 논리회로 설계나 소자들의 근접 배치로 ADC의 속도를 향상시키는 대신에 새로운 코드를 이용하여 DSP의 처리능력을 높이도록 하였다. 제안한 코드는 ADC의 출력으로 이진수를 세공하지 않고 2와 3진법을 동시에 사용하는 Double Base Number System(DBNS)방법이다. 전압은 기존의 이진수를 표시하는 방법과 동일하지만, 밑수로 2와 3의 두개를 동시에 사용하여 합의 형태로 표현하는 방법이다. DBNS 표현법은 곱셈기와 가산기를 이용하지 않고 연산을 좌우로 이동하여 연산을 신속히 처리할 수 있다. 디지털 신호처리에서 사용하는 DBNS는 합의 수가 적도록 Canonical 표현을 구하는 알고리즘을 사용하지만, A/D 변환기에서는 Fan-In 문제가 발생하여 균일한 분포를 이루도록 하는 새로운 알고리즘을 개발하였다. HSPICE를 이용한 ADC의 시뮬레이션 결과 0.18um 공정에서 최고 동작속도는 1.6 GSPS이며 최대 소비전력은 38.71mW이였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe technological development, caring attributes and professional self-concept as perceived by nurses in YanBian. Method: Data were collected using an instrument containing 137 Likert items was administered to 477 RN's working in general hospitals in YanBian. The instrument contained sections which examined technological influences questionnaire(TIQ), caring attributes questionnaire(CAQ), and professional self-concept nursing inventory(PSCNI). Result: Descriptive and inferential statistics revealed by marital status and position. Married, working special ward nurses reported a higher TIQ score than that of unmarried and working general ward and OPD. PSCNI and CAQ score of head or supervisor nurses were higher than that of staff nurses. Subjects revealed very low score of CAQ, while PSCNI score was higher than that of other Asian countries such as Korea, Beijing China, HongKong China and Japan as proved in former study. Conclusion: Useful information for educators and nurse administrators is provided from this results. Further study needs to be done to discuss in the light of cultural and environmental differences between YanBian(Korean-Chinese) and Korean nurses.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.20-39
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• 2003

Based on a combination of theories, experiences and cases a sustainable change strategy and self-assessment method with a focus on the human dimension in TQM are suggested and discussed. The Post Denmark TIQ (Total Involvement in Quality) case will be used to illustrate how breakthrough in people attitudes and organisational culture happened and became the foundation for a new culture focusing on change, continuous improvements and everybody's participation.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.115-115
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• 2003

The chloromethyl-2-dihydroxyphosphinyl-6, 7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro isoquino- line (CDDT) is a newly synthesized agent which is derivated from 1,2,3,4- Tetrahydroiso- quinoline (TIQ). The TIQs include potent cytotoxic agents that display a range of antitumor activities, antimicrobial activity, and other biological properties. (omitted)

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1999

To understand a mechanism of underlying cognitive deficit in schizophrenia, the risk factors, cognitive function, blood dopamine concentrations and glutamate dehydrogenase activities of male schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia(N=30) were compared with those of schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia(N=30). The results were as following ; 1) The age, duration of illness and duration of medication were significantly more in schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia than schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia(respectively p<0.005, p<0.0001, p<0.0001). 2) The scores of MMSE, TIQ, VIQ and PIQ were significantly lower in schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia than schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia (rspectively p<0.0001). 3) Plasma dopamine concentrations were tended to be higher, and serum glutamate dehydrogenase activities were tended to be lower in schiz-ophrenics with tardive dyskinesia than schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia. 4) The cognitive deficit seemed to be negatively correlated with duration of illness and duration of medication(respectively ${\gamma}$=-0.496, ${\gamma}$=-0.615).

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.289-293
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• 2009

This study proposes a novel double-base log encoder (DBLE) for flash Analog-to-Digital converters (ADCs). Analog inputs of flash ADCs are represented in logarithmic number systems with bases of 2 and 3 at the outputs of DBLE. A look up table stores the sets of exponents of base 2 and 3 values. This algorithm improves the performance of a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) system that takes outputs of a flash ADC, since the double-base log number representation does multiplication operation easily within negligible error range in ADC. We have designed and implemented 6 bits DBLE implemented with ROM (Read-Only Memory) architecture in a $0.18\;{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The power consumption and speed of DBLE are better than the FAT tree and binary ROM encoders at the cost of more chip area. The DBLE can be implemented into SoC architecture with DSP to improve the processing speed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1368-1378
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• 2000

This study was conducted to explore the nurse's perception of technological development and professional self-concept. The research subjects were 560 clinical nurses in Korea, who worked the general hospitals in Seoul, Kyeonggi, and the Kangwon province. Data sampling was done for the month, of December. 1997. The research tool consisted of 82 items questionnaires which were demographic data, TIQ, PSCNI. The research findings were as follows: 1. Nurses perceived the technological development as slightly positive (Mean =48.8). Also, nurses saw that the fastest developing technological nursing unit was the cardiac care unit, while the lowest technological developing nursing unit was the psychiatric unit. 2. The view of technological development was found to be significantly different according to religion (P=.0109), marital status (P=.0431), and the practical setting (P=.0048). Professional self concept was significantly different according to age (P=.0001), religion (P=.0001), education (P=.0007), marital status (P=.0000), career (P=.0001), and position (P=.0000). 3. The relationship between a nurse's perception of technological development and professional self-concept was highly correlated(r=.26, P=.0001). In the results of the multiple regression, the factors influencing professional self-concept were career, the nurse's perception of technological development, the level of technological development in nursing unit, and education. All these parameters showed the explaining power of 15.4% of the professional self-concept. In conclusion, nurses recognized the technological development was related to the professional self-concept. This study shed light on the meaning of technological development and vision of the nursing profession. Inservice education program should be developed to help the adaptability to technological development and conduct the qualitative research to explore the world of technological development which the nurses are experiencing in nursing.