• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.376-388
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• 2017

Purpose: The triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is one of the main predictive indices for cardiovascular disease. This study was examined the relationship between TG/HDL-C ratio and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in male office workers. Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted to determine the risk between the TG/HDL-C ratio and MetS in male office workers. A total of 765 people underwent the 'regular workplace health checkups in 2014'. Among the subjects who were male and responded to the questionnaire and health lifestyle survey, 470 (61.4%) excluding those with missing and/or abnormal values were analyzed. The association between MetS, MetS components, and the TG/HDL-C ratio was examined by a Chi-square test, One-way ANOVA, Turkey post-hoc test and Logistic regression analysis. Results: The number of males with MetS was 70 (14.9%) and the number of MetS components increased with increasing TG/HDL-C ratio (p<.001). Logistic regression analysis with an adjustment for potential confounders revealed a 31.8 times higher odds ratio of the Quartile4 group for MetS than that of the Quartile1 group (p<.001). Conclusion: These results show that the likelihood of MetS, particularly the risk of MetS in the Quartile4, increases with increasing TG/HDL-C ratio.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.296-303
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• 1986

Rat lipoprotein-deficient plasma possessed a lipid tramsfer inhibitory activity when it was added to purified human plasma lipid transfer protien, while it lacked a lipid transfer activity. Incubation of whole rat plasma with partially purified human lipid transfer protein resulted in big changes in lipid distribution of rat plasma lipoproteins. There w was a 4-fold increase in cholesteryl ester(CE) and 4 47 % reduction in triglyceride(TG) in very low density lipoproteins after 2싹lour incubation. In high density lipoprotein $2(HDL_2)$ there was a 9­fold increase in TG and 33 % reduction in CEo HDL3 had 82 % reduction in CE. The result indi­c cates that the absence of the lipid transfer activity in rat plasma can be ascribed not to the inability of rat lipoproteins to serve as substrates but to the lack of 야Ie lipid transfer protein in rat plasma. Th­e erefore, species differences in lipid transfer betwe­e en lipoproteins should be taken into consideration to interpret results of studies on lipoprotein m.eta­b bolism using rats.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.298-306
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• 2011

Purpose: To analyze the differences of the Body Mass Index (BMI), blood biochemical indices (TC, TG, HDL, PP2) among college faculty members depending on their life styles and thereupon, provide for some basic data useful for healthcare education. Methods: 163 faculty members were sampled for a questionnaire survey and a medical checkup, both conducted from Jan. 20 to Jan. 26, 2010. Results: First, such blood biochemical indicesas BMI, TG, HDL and PP2 differed significantly depending on gender, while TC, TG and HDL differed significantly depending on age. Second, BMI differed significantly depending on drinking. Third, smokers showed significantly lower BMI and PP2 than non-smokers. Among the smokers, those smoking for 1-10 years showed a significantly lower level of TG. Fourth, those exercising as hard as sweating 3 times a week showed significantly lower BMI, TC and TG. Fifth, BMI was correlated positively with TC and TG, while being correlated negatively with HDL. On the other hand, TC was correlated positively with the TG which was correlated negatively with the HDL which was correlated positively with PP2. Conclusion: In order to prevent chronic diseases and live a healthy life, it must be necessary to control drinking, stop smoking and exercise regularly.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is the most important marker for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in NCEP-ATP III(National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III) guideline. Therefore, LDL cholesterol is pathologically meaningful, accurate measurement should be a top priority. Currently, LDLC is directly measured in most cases, but, the estimate is still used in mass health examination or screening test. This study is about the comparison of LDL-Cholesterol direct measurement with the estimate using various formula (Friedewald: [LDL-F=TC-HDL-TG/5], Nakajima: [LDL-N=TC-HDL-TG/4], Hattori: [LDL-H =0.94TC-0.94HDL-0.19TG], Puavilai: [LDL-P=TC-HDL-TG/6], Carvalho: [LDL-C=3(TC-HDL)/4]) for calculating more accurate value. We analyzed total cholesterol (TC), try-glyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and LDLC levels of 210 subjects between June and November in 2011. Until now, the Friedewald formula is the most commonly used estimate for the LDLC. When Friedewald formula was applied, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.940, showing high correlation. But, the result of the direct method was significantly different, compared with those of the Friedewald formula in triglyceride levels ${\geq}400mg/dL$(p<0.05). There was the highest correlation when we used LDL-P formula(r=0.947) in triglyceride levels <400 mg/dl. Also there was the lowest mean difference regardless of triglyceride level. Therefore, the study showed that TG/6 is more precise means of calculation than TG/5. On the other hand, the calculation of LDL-Cholesterol was underestimated, compared with direct measurement. It is necessary to have more data and modified Friedewald formula should be used for the accurate calculation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4394-4401
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of blood pressures and serum lipids, obesity indices in adults who examined health checkup. Study subjects were 2,734 adults of 20 years and over (1,344 males, 1,390 females), who underwent health package check-up at an university hospital during one year of 2012. We observed the age, sex, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, AI, BMI, body fat rate and waist circumference of study subjects after confirmed IRB of the hospital. As a results, TC, TG, AI was significantly higher in the group of hypertension than that of normotensive in both sex, but in only female, HDL-C and LDL-C was higher in the each group of normotensive and hypertension. BMI, body fat rate and waist circumference was significantly higher in the group of hypertension than that of normotensive in both sex. SBP and DBP was positive correlated with TC, TG, AI, BMI, body fat rate and waist circumference, but HDL-C and LDL-C was each correlated with positive and negative in female only. Age-adjusted odds ratio for hypertension by blood serum lipids and obesity indices was significantly increased in the group of abnormal than normal of TC, TG, BMI, but HDL-C and waist circumference was each increased in the abnormal group of female, and in the abnormal group of male. Above results suggested that the blood pressure related with serum lipid levels and obesity indices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the fasting blood sugar and serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and obesity indices (BMI, body fat rates, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio). The study sample consists of 1,473 manufacturing workers aged from 30 to 59 years, who underwent a health check-up at a university hospital during the period from Jan. to Dec. 2015. A data analysis was conducted to classify the subjects into the normal and abnormal groups according to their fasting blood sugar levels depending on the average values of the serum lipids and obesity indices. Multiple regression analyzes adjusted for sex and age were conducted for the factors affecting the fasting blood sugar level. As a result, the Serum TC, TG, LDL-C, BMI and waist circumference were found to be significantly higher in the abnormal fasting blood sugar level group than in the normal one, but the HDL-C was significantly lower in the abnormal group than in the normal one The fasting blood sugar level had a significant positive correlation with the TC, TG, LDL-C, BMI and waist circumference. The TC, TG, BMI and body fat were the significant factors affecting the fasting blood sugar. The above results suggest that the fasting blood sugar and serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C), obesity indices (BMI, body fat rates, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio) of manufacturing workers are significantly associated with each other.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1997

This study was performed to offer the fundamental data for preventing and controlling the cardiovascular diseases of rural community women. The number of 168 women aged 40 to 50s who live in Kumsan-gun, Chungnam were selected for analysis after medical examination by a Kumsan-gun health center during the period of November to December in 1996. Total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), blood pressure(BP), degree of obesity(BMI) and atherosclerosis index(AI) were measured and relation between these physical measurements to serum lipid levels were studied. The results were as follows; 1. Mean TC level, TG level, BP, BMI and AI were significantly increased with advancing age. 2. Mean TC level, TG level, BMI and AI of borderline BP group and hypertension group were significantly increased than those of normal BP group. 3. Mean TC level, TG level and AI of obesity group were significantly increased than those of normal BMI group. 4. Simple correlation analysis showed that the positive correlation between TC, TG, BP, BMI and AI, but the level of HDL-C was negative correlation with TG and AI. 5. In multiple regression analysis taking HDL-C level as the dependent variable and TG, TC, BP, BMI, Age AI as the independent variable, AI, TG, BMI, TC were significantly related to HDL-C.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 1983

The present studies were designed to compare the effects of both dietary fat levels and P / S ratio on lipid components in plasma and tissues. Changes in plasma HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol and TG, and also in tissue cholesterol and TG were determined in young rats fed diets providing total dietary fat as 10%, 25% or 45% of calories and P / S ratio as 0.2 or 4.0. Plasma cholesterol levels were getting higher as dietary fat levels increased at P / S 0.2. Plasma cholesterol was lower in rats fed dietary fat either 25% or 45 %, each with P / S 4.0. But at 10% no change in plasma cholesterol were observed by P / S 4.0 because of a possible insufficiency of the absolute amount of PUFA. HDL-cholesterol was rather less sensitive to the modification of dietary fat level, but was reduced in rats fed diets of P / S 4.0 at either 25% or 45% fat, even though HDL-cholesterol were increased in the group of 10% with P / S 0.2. Total cholesterol per g- liver were significantly increased as dietary fat levels increased. Liver cholesterol levels were higher in rats fed diets of P / S 4.0 at higher fat levels (25% or 45%) which possibly suggested that a reduction of plasma cholesterol by high PUFA diet was not at least from a decreased synthesis of cholesterol in liver. However, in muscle no significant differences were found by feeding high P / S ratio at each levels of fat. At 10% fat level, compared to 25% or 45%, cholesterol level was lower in g-liver but higher in g- muscle. Plasma TG was decreased as more dietary fat were supplied at P / S ratio, but no consistant response obtained at low P / S ratio. TG per g-liver were reduced by feeding P / S 4.0 diet at 10% or 45% fat level but no differences were found in muscle. P / S 4.0 diet was more efficient in lowering plasma cholesterol TG and HDL-cholesterolt levels only if fat level was more than 25% of the total calories And young rats were more resistant to dietary fat modification.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.392-404
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Numerous studies have examined the relationship between drinking behaviors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) for adults, but these include very few studies for young adults. This study therefore undertook to investigate the association between drinking behaviors and components of MetS among adult drinkers aged 20-30 years. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, drinking behaviors of adults in the age group 20-30 years were divided into 4 groups: 1) group A, good drinking habits; 2) group B, frequent binge drinking but not frequent drinking; 3) group C, frequent drinking but not frequent binge drinking; 4) group D, frequent drinking and binge drinking. The association between MetS components and drinking behaviors was analyzed by applying multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We determined the prevalence risk compared to group A. In men, the prevalence risk of high triglyceride (TG) increased 2.051-fold in group C and 1.965-fold in group D. Moreover, in group D, the prevalence risk of low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased 0.668-fold, high blood pressure (BP) increased 2.147-fold, and MetS increased 1.567-fold. In women, there was an increased prevalence risk of low HDL-C (0.353-fold) and MetS (3.438-fold) in group C, whereas group D showed increased prevalence risk of abdominal obesity (2.959-fold), high TG (1.824-fold, and low HDL-C (0.424-fold). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that frequent drinking increases the risk of high TG, whereas frequent and binge drinking increases the risk of high TG, low HDL-C, high BP, and prevalence of MetS in men. In women, frequent drinking without binge drinking increases the risk of low HDL-C and MetS, whereas frequent and binge drinking increases the risk of abdominal obesity, high TG, and low HDL-C. We propose that improvements in the drinking behaviors can reduce the prevalence of MetS.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations among the anthropometry, serum lipid levels and nutrient intake in Korean female university students. The subjects were 119 female students at a university located in Incheon. This study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric data were measured and blood lipid levels were analyzed. Nutrient intake collected from 3 day-recalls was analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 program. Average age, height and weight of the subjects were 20.9 years, 160.1cm and 54.3kg, respectively. Average serum TG (triglyceride), total cholesterol, HDL-C (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and LDL-C (low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) levels of the subjects were 69.47mg/dl, 146.85 mg/dl, 50.49mg/dl and 82.52mg/dl, respectively. Average AI (atherogenic index) of the subjects was 2.03, which was in the normal range based on risk values. Average intake of most nutrients except protein, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C and phosphorus were lower than the Korean RDA. Especially calcium and iron intakes of the subjects were under 65% of the Korean RDA. Serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were negatively correlated with DBP (diastolic blood pressure). HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol were positively correlated with height. Age was positively correlated with phosphorus intake. DBP of the subjects was positively correlated with calcium and iron intakes. Serum TG level was positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI, while negatively correlated with HDL-C/total cholesterol. Total cholesterol level was positively correlated with HDL-C, LDL-C and AI, while negatively correlated with HDL-C/LDL-C, HDL-C/total cholesterol. HDL-C level was positively correlated with LDL-C, HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol, while negatively correlated with AI. LDL-C level was negatively correlated with HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol, while positively correlated with AI HDL-C/LDL-C ratio was positively correlated with HDL-C/total cholesterol and AI. HDL-C/total cholesterol was negatively correlated with AI. Fat intake was positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C level, and vitamin B$_2$ intake was positively correlated with TG, HDL-C/LDL-C. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary for female university students to promote the lipid profile and to optimize the nutritional status. (J Community Nutrition 4(3) : 151∼158, 2002)