• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1987년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(한일합동학술편); 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 16-17 Oct. 1987
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• pp.729-733
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• 1987

Stability of Co Semigroups perturbed via the steady state Riccati equation (SSRE) is studied. We consider an infinite dimensional system : .chi. over dot = A.chi. + Bu, in, (A), domain of A, where A is the infinitesimal generator of a Co semigroup [T(t), t.geq.0] in H. If the original Co semigroup [T(t), t.geq.0] has a lower bound : vertical bar T(t).chi. vertical bar .geq. k vertical bar .chi. vertical bar, for all .chi. in H. t.geq. 0 and k>0, then the perturbed Co semigroup via the SSRE, where the feedback operator B is compact, cannot be exponentially stable. Physical interpretation of this result is as follows : in real applications, a finite number of actuators are available, therefore the operator B is compact. When the original system is inherently unstable, that is, has an infinite number of unstable modes, the perturbed system via the SSRE cannot be stable with a uniform decay rate.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.91-117
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• 2007

Through a simple study of the medical classics in the '$\bar{A}yurveda$', we have summarized them as follows. 1) Traditional Indian medicine started in the Ganges river area at about 1500 B. C. E. and traces of medical science can be found in the "Rigveda" and "Atharvaveda". 2) The "Charaka" and "$Su\acute{s}hruta$(妙聞集)", ancient texts from India, are not the work of one person, but the result of the work and errors of different doctors and philosophers. Due to the lack of historical records, the time of Charaka or $Su\acute{s}hruta$(妙聞)s' lives are not exactly known. So the completion of the "Charaka" is estimated at 1st${\sim}$2nd century C. E. in northwestern India, and the "$Su\acute{s}hruta$" is estimated to have been completed in 3rd${\sim}$4th century C. E. in central India. Also, the "Charaka" contains details on internal medicine, while the "$Su\acute{s}hruta$" contains more details on surgery by comparison. 3) '$V\bar{a}gbhata$', one of the revered Vriddha Trayi(triad of the ancients, 三醫聖) of the '$\bar{A}yurveda$', lived and worked in about the 7th century and wrote the "$A\d{s}\d{t}\bar{a}nga$ $A\d{s}\d{t}\bar{a}nga$ $h\d{r}daya$ $sa\d{m}hit\bar{a}$ $samhit\bar{a}$(八支集)" and "$A\d{s}\d{t}\bar{a}nga$ Sangraha $samhit\bar{a}$(八心集)", where he tried to compromise and unify the "Charaka" and "$Su\acute{s}hruta$". The "$A\d{s}\d{t}\bar{a}nga$ Sangraha $samhit\bar{a}$" was translated into Tibetan and Arabic at about the 8th${\sim}$9th century, and if we generalize the medicinal plants recorded in each the "Charaka", "$Su\acute{s}hruta$" and the "$A\d{s}\d{t}\bar{a}nga$ Sangraha $samhit\bar{a}$", there are 240, 370, 240 types each. 4) The 'Madhava' focused on one of the subjects of Indian medicine, '$Nid\bar{a}na$' ie meaning "the cause of diseases(病因論)", and in one of the copies found by Bower in 4th century C. E. we can see that it uses prescriptions from the "BuHaLaJi(布哈拉集)", "Charaka", "$Su\acute{s}hruta$". 5) According to the "Charaka", there were 8 branches of ancient medicine in India : treatment of the body(kayacikitsa), special surgery(salakya), removal of alien substances(salyapahartka), treatment of poison or mis-combined medicines(visagaravairodhikaprasamana), the study of ghosts(bhutavidya), pediatrics(kaumarabhrtya), perennial youth and long life(rasayana), and the strengthening of the essence of the body(vajikarana). 6) The '$\bar{A}yurveda$', which originated from ancient experience, was recorded in Sanskrit, which was a theorization of knowledge, and also was written in verses to make memorizing easy, and made medicine the exclusive possession of the Brahmin. The first annotations were 1060 for the "Charaka", 1200 for the "$Su\acute{s}hruta$", 1150 for the "$A\d{s}\d{t}\bar{a}nga$ Sangraha $samhit\bar{a}$", and 1100 for the "$Nid\bar{a}na$", The use of various mineral medicines in the "Charaka" or the use of mercury as internal medicine in the "$A\d{s}\d{t}\bar{a}nga$ Sangraha $samhit\bar{a}$", and the palpation of the pulse for diagnosing in the '$\bar{A}yurveda$' and 'XiZhang(西藏)' medicine are similar to TCM's pulse diagnostics. The coexistence with Arabian 'Unani' medicine, compromise with western medicine and the reactionism trend restored the '$\bar{A}yurveda$' today. 7) The "Charaka" is a book inclined to internal medicine that investigates the origin of human disease which used the dualism of the 'Samkhya', the natural philosophy of the 'Vaisesika' and the logic of the 'Nyaya' in medical theories, and its structure has 16 syllables per line, 2 lines per poem and is recorded in poetry and prose. Also, the "Charaka" can be summarized into the introduction, cause, judgement, body, sensory organs, treatment, pharmaceuticals, and end, and can be seen as a work that strongly reflects the moral code of Brahmin and Aryans. 8) In extracting bloody pus, the "Charaka" introduces a 'sharp tool' bloodletting treatment, while the "$Su\scute{s}hruta$" introduces many surgical methods such as the use of gourd dippers, horns, sucking the blood with leeches. Also the "$Su\acute{s}hruta$" has 19 chapters specializing in ophthalmology, and shows 76 types of eye diseases and their treatments. 9) Since anatomy did not develop in Indian medicine, the inner structure of the human body was not well known. The only exception is 'GuXiangXue(骨相學)' which developed from 'Atharvaveda' times and the "$A\d{s}\d{t}\bar{a}nga$ Sangraha $samhit\bar{a}$". In the "$A\d{s}\d{t}\bar{a}nga$ Sangraha $samhit\bar{a}$"'s 'ShenTiLun(身體論)' there is a thorough listing of the development of a child from pregnancy to birth. The '$\bar{A}yurveda$' is not just an ancient traditional medical system but is being called alternative medicine in the west because of its ability to supplement western medicine and, as its effects are being proved scientifically it is gaining attention worldwide. We would like to say that what we have researched is just a small fragment and a limited view, and would like to correct and supplement any insufficient parts through more research of new records.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 1996년도 제6회 학술강연회논문집
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• pp.209-216
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• 1996

The shape variation of billet was investigated by numerical method and spray forming work with variation of average substrate withdrawal velocity$\bar{V}$, withdrawal velocity change interval $\Delta$t and velocity deviation from average velocity $V_{dev}$. The shape and diameter with large$\bar{V}$, $\Delta$t, $V_{dev}$ vary seriously. When $\bar{V}$, $\Delta$t, $V_{dev}$ are smaller, the shape of billet is more simillar to that of the billet with constant withdrawal velocity. The average diameter of billet is determined by only $\bar{V}$, independent of $\Delta$t, $V_{dev}$. With $\bar{V}$, : 0.2 mm/sec $\Delta$t: 200 sec and $V_{dev}$. : 0.2mm/sec billet of constant diameter 230mm$\times$ height 1000mm were manufactured.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.937-943
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 영상 처리를 이용하여 차체의 진동에 영향을 미치는 자동차 T-Bar부품에서의 볼트와 너트의 존재 유무를 판별하는 알고리즘이 소개된다. T-Bar의 볼트와 너트 존재 유무를 판별하기 위하여 볼트와 너트의 특징치들이 학습되고 통계적 패턴매칭 방법을 이용하여 학습된 특징치들이 매칭된다. 또한 영상마다 볼트와 너트들의 화소값이 크게 변화하여 매칭율이 낮아지기 때문에 화소값의 최대와 최소 변화률이 이용된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 기존의 방법들에 비해 검사시간을 대폭 축소시켜 실시간이 요구되는 검사 자동화 분야에 아주 효율적이다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Objectives : The main purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of Gagamchengyoung-tang (Ji$\bar{a}$ji$\check{a}$nq$\bar{i}$ngy$\acute{i}$ng-t$\bar{a}$ng) and examine the febrile tendency in the alopecia patients Methods : Of the patients who have visited Balmers Korean Medicine clinic for alopecia from December first 2012 to December 31st 2012, we enrolled 30 patients and performed heat and cold diagnosis, examine scalp and check hair density. We administrated Gagamchengyoung-tang(Ji$\bar{a}$ji$\check{a}$nq$\bar{i}$ngy$\acute{i}$ng-t$\bar{a}$ng) and acupuncture to all patients. The effect was assessed by scalp condition and hair density Results : The scalp disorder index decreased and hair density increased in alopecia patients with febrile tendency Conclusions : All patients had febrile tendency and Gagamchengyoung-Tang(Ji$\bar{a}$ji$\check{a}$nq$\bar{i}$ngy$\acute{i}$ng-t$\bar{a}$ng) can be effective in the scalp disorder and alopecia.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.335-450
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• 1986

$25{\circ}$에서 $[Co(en)]_3Cl_3,\;[Co(NH_3)_6Cl_3$수용액의 열역학적 해리상수를 1~2000bar의 압력범위에서 전도도법으로 측정하였다. 착물이 해리할 때 하전을 띤 이온이 생성하여 부피가 감소하므로 압력이 증가함에 따라 해리상수($K^T$)는 커졌다. 즉 $[Co(en)]_3Cl_3$에 대한 $pK^T$값은 1bar에서 2.16, 500bar에서 2.08, 1000bar에서 2.08, 1500bar에서 2.05, 2000bar에서 2.03이었고, $[Co(NH_3)_6Cl_3$의 $P^K^T$는 1bar에서 2.02, 500bar에서 1.96, 1000bar에서 1.90, 1500bar에서 1.88, 2000bar에서는 1.87이었다. 각 압력에서 Stokes반경과 해리상수($K^T$)값을 비교 분석하여 착물의 이온쌍 형성에는 정전기적 인력 이외에 Internal Conjugate Base(ICB)효과도 영향을 미쳤으며 이효과는 압력이 증가할 수록 커졌다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of the combination of herbal medicine and western medicine in androgenetic alopecia patients. Methods : This case study was conducted for four androgenetic alopecia patients who have visited Korean medicine clinic. Gagamcheongyoung-tang($Ji{\bar{a}}ji{\check{a}}nq{\bar{i}}ngy{\acute{i}}ng-t{\bar{a}}ng$) was prescribed to all four patients who were already taking finasteride over 1 year. Improvements of patients were evaluated through photographs. Results : As a result of examining photographs, symptoms of alopecia in four cases were improved. Conclusions : Gagamcheongyoung-tang($Ji{\bar{a}}ji{\check{a}}nq\;{\bar{i}}ngy{\acute{i}}ng-t{\bar{a}}ng$) has advantages of treating a androgenetic alopecia patients who are taking finasteride longer than 1 year.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.455-466
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• 2010

For an endomorphism $\alpha$ of a ring R, we introduce the weak $\alpha$-skew Armendariz rings which are a generalization of the $\alpha$-skew Armendariz rings and the weak Armendariz rings, and investigate their properties. Moreover, we prove that a ring R is weak $\alpha$-skew Armendariz if and only if for any n, the $n\;{\times}\;n$ upper triangular matrix ring $T_n(R)$ is weak $\bar{\alpha}$-skew Armendariz, where $\bar{\alpha}\;:\;T_n(R)\;{\rightarrow}\;T_n(R)$ is an extension of $\alpha$ If R is reversible and $\alpha$ satisfies the condition that ab = 0 implies $a{\alpha}(b)=0$ for any a, b $\in$ R, then the ring R[x]/($x^n$) is weak $\bar{\alpha}$-skew Armendariz, where ($x^n$) is an ideal generated by $x^n$, n is a positive integer and $\bar{\alpha}\;:\;R[x]/(x^n)\;{\rightarrow}\;R[x]/(x^n)$ is an extension of $\alpha$. If $\alpha$ also satisfies the condition that ${\alpha}^t\;=\;1$ for some positive integer t, the ring R[x] (resp, R[x; $\alpha$) is weak $\bar{\alpha}$-skew (resp, weak) Armendariz, where $\bar{\alpha}\;:\;R[x]\;{\rightarrow}\;R[x]$ is an extension of $\alpha$.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.324-332
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• 1998

The grain growth characteristics of dual-phase (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$) containing high Cr-steel have investigate using ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-single phases and (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$)dual-phase of 12%Cr Steel. The heat treatment has performed at $1000-1200^{\circ}C$ for 1-100hr. The results are as follows : 1) The grain growth rate in (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$) dual phase was substantially slower than that of single grain. 2) The relation between mean grain radius $\bar{{\gamma}}$ and annealing time t is, in general, described as following equation : $$(\bar{{\gamma}})^n-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^n=K_n{\cdot}t{\cdots}{\cdots}(1)$$ i) In the case of single phase of high Cr steel, Eq.(1) is described as $(\bar{{\gamma}})^2-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^2=K_2{\cdot}t$ and the grain growth is controlled by boundary migration. ii) In dual phase, the grain growth needs diffusion of alloying elements because the chemical composition of ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$- phases differs from each other. When the volume fraction of ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-phase was almost equal and ${\gamma}$-phase in the case of 80 and $90%{\gamma}$. Eq.(1) is described as $(\bar{{\gamma}})^3-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^3=K_3{\cdot}t$ because the grain growth is controlled by volume diffusion iii) In the case of ${\gamma}$-rich phase (80 and $90%{\gamma}$), the grain growth of minor phase (10 and $20%{\alpha}$) is described as $(\bar{{\gamma}})^4-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^4=K_4{\cdot}t$ because the boundary diffusion is predominent rather than volume diffusion.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1987

Let S denote the class of nivalent functions normalized so that f(0)=f'(0)-1=0 in vertical bar z vertical bar <1. Let $S_{\alpha}$$^{*}$, -.pi./2<.alpha.<.pi./2, denote the subclass of S that satisfies Re $e^{i{\alpha}}$zf'(z)/f(z).geq.0 in vertical bar z vertical bar <1; then f is called .alpha.-spiral-like and the case .alpha.=0 is the class of normalized starlike functions [6, pp.52]. Let T denote the class of functions f normalized as above and satisfying Im z[Im f(z)]..geq.0 in vertical bar z vertical bar <1; then f is called typically real and T contains those functions of S whose coefficients are real [6, pp.55]. Also, in view of [6, pp.231], let B(.lambda.) be the class of function normalized as above and map vertical bar z vertical bar <1 onto the complement of an arc with radial angle .lambda.(0<.lambda.<.pi./2). The radial angle is meant to be the angle between the tangent and radial vectors to the arc. This note includes a sharp version for Corollary 1 of [2] when f.mem. $S_{\alpha}$$^{*}$ as well as a logarithmic coefficient estimate.nt estimate.