• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Generally, the plate load test and the field density test are conducted for compaction quality control in earthwork, and then additional analysis. Recently developed that the DCPT (Dynamic Cone Penetration Test) equipment for smart compaction quality control its the system are able to get location and real-time information about worker history management. The IoT-based the DCPT system improved the time-cost in the field compared traditional test, and the functions recording and storage of the DPI (Dynamic Cone Penetration Index) were automated. This paper describes using these DCPT equipment on in-situ and compared to the standards of the DCPT, and the compaction trend had be confirmed with DPI as the field test data. As a result, the DPI of the final compaction decreased by 1.4 times compared to the initial compaction, confirming the increase in the compaction strength of the subgrade compaction layer 10 to 14 cm deep from the surface. A trend of increasing compaction strength was observed. This showed a tendency to increase the compaction strength of the target DPI proposed by MnDOT and the results of the existing plate load test, but there was a difference in the increase rate. Therefore, additional studies are needed on domestic compaction materials and laboratory conditions for target DPI and correlation studies with the plate load tests. If this is reflected, it is suggested that DCPT will be widely used as smart construction equipment in earthworks.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.9 s.90
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• pp.660-666
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• 2006

This study examined the mechanical properties and bending formability evaluation of spring strip materials(SK5 CSPH, STS 301 CSP-EH, C7701-H). The hardness test and tensile test were performed at room temperature($20^{\circ}C$) for mechanical properties. The U-bending test were carried out at various conditions of punch corner radius(Rp), ratio of punch comer radius/thickness(Rp/t) and ratio of clearance/thickness(Rp/t) and ratio of clearance/thickness(C/t) for bending formability evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an elderly people's health promotion program performed in a senior center located in J-si. Most interesting were the effects on the physical, physiological, and psychological parameters for senior center participation of the elderly. A nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was employed. A total of 41 people living in J-si were assigned to either an experimental group (n=21) or control group (n=20). The experimental group was provided with the eight-week elderly people's health promotion program from May 1 to September 2 in 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 24.0 using descriptive statistics, 𝒙²-test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental group and control group with respect to the scores of the physical parameters, including right grip strength (t=-3.01, p=.004) and flexibility of the waist (t=-2.11, p=.09); the physiological parameters, including the systolic blood pressure (t=-3.02, p=.004); and psychological, including depression (t=2.42, p=.020), hopelessness (t=5.22, p<.001), and quality of life (t=4.28, p<.001). Therefore, the elderly people's health promotion program with senior center participation of the elderly is a useful nursing intervention program that can improve the right grip strength, flexibility waist, reduce the systolic blood pressure, depression and hopelessness, and improve the quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1722-1734
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was that HPV prevention education based on the planned behavioral theory was designed to provide college students with HPV vaccine knowledge, cervical cancer knowledge, attitude toward HPV vaccination, subjective norms for HPV vaccination, perceived behavioral control for HPV vaccination, and HPV vaccination. This is an experimental study to confirm the effect on the intention to vaccinate and the behavior of HPV vaccination. The subjects were arbitrarily expressed as 32 subjects in the experimental group and 34 subjects in the control group. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, χ²-test, Fisher's exact test and repeated Measures ANOVA. As a result, the experimental group participating in HPV prevention education was compared to the control group who did not participate in HPV vaccine knowledge (t=5.66, p<.001), cervical cancer knowledge (t=4.13, p<.001), attitude (t=2.24, p=) .032 ), subjective norm (t=2.83, p=.008), perceived behavioral control (t=2.65, p=.013), and intention (t=3.91, p<.001) were significantly different. After 4 weeks of HPV prevention education intervention, there was a significant difference in the interaction between group and time course of HPV vaccination intention (F=6.95, p=.002). Therefore, it was confirmed that HPV prevention education is an educational program that can be applied to college students.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of the Seogeum therapy among college students with allergic rhinitis. Method: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest non-synchronized design was used. Intervention of Seogeum therapy has been performed from March 2 through March 31, 2017. Sixty college students diagnosed with allergic rhinitis from two different colleges in B and K cities were assigned to the experimental and control group. Data analysis were conducted using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. Results: There were significant differences in nose itching (t=4.89, p<.001), sneezing (t=6.26, p<.001), watery rhinorrhea (t= 4.09, p<.001), nasal congestion (t=2.36, p=.022), the percent of eosinophil (t=2.01, p=.049), perceived stress (t=2.05, p=.045), and allergic rhinitis related quality of life (t=4.33, p<.001) between the two groups. However, there were no significant differences in the percent of IgE (t=0.60, p=.553) and level of cortisol (t=0.53, p=.598). Conclusion: The results of this study indicates that the self-management of Seogeum therapy improved physical and psychological status of the college students with allergic rhinitis which ultimately improved their quality of life.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.243-255
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and examine the effects of a psychosocial adaptation program for North Korean adolescent defectors. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 28 North Korean adolescent defectors who were recruited through alternative schools. The experimental and control groups consisted of 14 participants each. A program was conducted across eight sessions, each lasting about 90-120 minutes. The data were analyzed using the x² test, t-test, paired t-test, and analysis of covariance. Results: No significant differences were observed in the score changes for psychosocial adaptation (t=0.25, p=.808), post-traumatic stress symptoms (t=0.32, p=.749), cultural adaptation stress (t=0.05, p=.957), and self-efficacy (t=0.35, p=.726) in either group before and after the intervention. No intergroup differences were observed for psychosocial adaptation (t=0.12, p=.902), post-traumatic stress symptoms (t=0.07, p=.946), cultural adaptation stress (t=0.01, p=.994), and self-efficacy (t=0.58, p=.570). Conclusion: These findings suggest that psychosocial adaptation, stress, and self-efficacy cannot be improved by a short-term intervention program alone. It was also determined that the cultural characteristics of the North Korean adolescent defectors were not sufficiently considered before implementing the program. Therefore, it is essential to provide an in-depth orientation for the participants before implementing the program.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.497-500
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• 2008

The typhoon is provoking huge damage attacking in Korea periodically every year. Therefore, in this study, the analysis of 24 hourly maximum precipitation change related to typhoon events achieved based on Mann-Whitney U test, T test, Modified T test, Sign test, F test, and Modified F test. At the results, the 24 hourly maximum precipitation was expose that average and standard deviation are increasing recently. Therefore, hydorlogical structures have to be prepared of extreme rainfall events by typhoons.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of reeducation of nursing process on nurses' expertise, critical thinking disposition, and clinical decision making. Methods: Data were collected from March to June, 2007. The subjects were 47 Academic Credit Bank System Student Nurses. They were taught 'nursing process' during 1 semester(15weeks). 47 nurses were divided into three groups according to clinical experience(under 3 years, 3 to under 5 years, 5 years or more). After 15 weeks, the effects of education were compared using a paired t-test between pre-test and post-test. Results: There was a significant difference in the 3 to under 5 years experienced nurses's expertise(t=-3.659, p=.004) between the pre-test and post-test. There was a significant difference in the 5 years or more experienced nurses's expertise(t=-5.781, p<.001) and critical thinking disposition(t=-3.345, p=.003) between the pre-test and post-test. There were no significant differences in clinical decision making(accuracy, proficiency, and confidence) of 3 groups. Conclusion: Reeducation of nursing process is a valuable teaching and an evaluation strategy for 5 years or more experienced nurses to improve expertise and critical thinking disposition. We need to develop continuing education program for improving nurses' clinical decision making.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.699-707
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze the statistical errors of articles in the Journal of Korean Academy of Periodontology from 1973 to 1999. Of the 662 articles examined, 263 were included which analyzed the data. They were classified into 2 groups with time lapse; group 1: 1973∼1989, group 2: 1990∼1999. Authors made checklists for analyzing the data and detecting the errors and analyzed them with professional statistician. The results were as follows: 1. Of 263 atricles which applied statistical method, 40(19.3%) was in group 1, 223(49.0%) in group2. 2. In the number of statistical method applied, 170(64.6%) were analyzed with 1 statistical method, 73(27.8%) with 2 methods, 18(6.8%) with 3 methods, and 2(0.8%) with 4 methods 3. The number of statistical methods applied was 14, and they were applied in order of 119 of ANOVA, 72 of Student t-test, 63 of Paired t-test, 36 of CORRELATION, and 21 of Mann- Whitney U test. 4. In 87(33.1%) of 263 articles and in 18 error items, statistical errors were found out. In group I, 9 items (55%) of error were found out, and were in order of 5 of Student t-test instead of Paired t-test, and 4 of unnecessary statistical analysis. In group II, 16 items (29.1%) of error were found out, and were in order of 22 of Student t-test instead of Paired t-test, 7 of no multiple comparison test after ANOVA, 6 of Student t-test instead of ANOVA, 6 of unnecessary statistical analysis, and 5 of ANOVA instead of Paired t-test. In conclusion, the results noted that statistical analyses were increased, but statistical errors were decreased with time. But authors suggest that researchers should refer to standard statistical texts and seek advice from professional statisticians to avoid the statistical errors.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.301-309
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• 2017

It is often possible to test for differences in population means when two or more samples are extracted from each N population. However, it is not possible to test for the mean difference if one sample is extracted from each population since a sample mean does not exist. But, by dividing a group of samples extracted one by one into two groups and generating a sample mean, we can identify a heterogeneity that may exist within the group by comparing the differences of the groups' mean. Therefore, we propose a minimum combination t-test method that can test the mean difference by the number of combinations that can be divided into two groups. In this paper, we proposed a method to test differences between means to check heterogeneity in a group of extracted samples. We verified the performance of the method by simulation study and obtained the results through real data analysis.