• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.853-856
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• 2023

This study assesses the palatability of regular canine diets and seven types of black soldier fly-based canine diets when fed to dogs. Sixteen dogs of two types were included in this study: 8 poodles (average weight 2.7 kg ± 0.5) and 8 bichons frises(average weight 2.0 kg ± 0.5). For intake and first choice, two-bowl tests, adhering to standards of canine palatability, were conducted every two days for a total of 14 days by comparing between the control and each treatment. Data, including total intake and total first choice were collected and accumulated for a total of 58 days. This encompassed 14 days of data on comparison between control and treatments, and 44 days of data on comparison among treatment groups (e.g., T1 vs T2) of black soldier fly-based canine diets. Significance differences in canine palatability was observed in treatments (p<0.05), except for the control and T2 results. Among the two-bowl tests, T1 and T2 exhibited the lowest intake and first choices. In particular, the palatability of canine diets ranked in the order T6 > T3 > T7 > T4 > T5 compared to each control. The total intake demonstrated in the following ranking: T6 > T3 > T7 > T5 > Control > T4 > T2 > T1. The total first choice was highest for T6, followed by T3, T7, T5, T4, Control, T2, and T1. In conclusion, insect diets with higher protein content such as T6, T3, and T7 representing as black soldier fly-based canine diets exhibit higher intake and first choice preferences in canines.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.195-209
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• 2016

IoT (Internet of Things) is a collective term referring to application services that provide information through sensors/devices connected to the internet. The real world application of IoT is expanding fast along with growing number of sensors/devices. However, since IoT application relies on vertical combination of sensors/devices networks, information sharing within IoT services remains unresolved challenge. Consequently, IoT sensors/devices demand high construction and maintenance costs, rendering the creation of new IoT services potentially expensive. One solution is to launch an IoT open market for information sharing similar to that of App Store for smart-phones. Doing so will efficiently allow novel IoT services to emerge across various industries, because developers can purchase licenses to access IoT resources directly via an open market. Sharing IoT resource information through an open market will create an echo-system conducive for easy utilization of resources and communication between IoT service providers, resource owners, and developers. This paper proposes the new business model of IoT open market for information sharing, and the requirements for ensuring security and standardization of open markets.

• 미생물과산업
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1990

면역계에는 조력T세포(helper T cell)와는 반대로 면역반응을 억제적으로 조절하는 것이 주 기능인 억제성 T세포(suppressor T cell)가 존배한다는 것이 아려져 있다. 이 억제성 T세포가 존재한다는 개념이 면역학및 임상의학에 준 영향은 매우 지대하여, 앨러지나 자가 면역질환 같은 질병은 억제성 T세포의 결핍으로, 그리고 면역 결핍증같은 질병은 T세포가 지나치게 활성화된 것으로 설명되기에 이르렀다. 한마디로 거의 모든 저하된 면역반응은 억제성 T세포와 연관하여 설명되었다. 그러나 억제성 T세포가 발견된지 근 20년이 되고 그에 관한 논문이 5000여편에 달하는 최근까지도 억제성 T세포 및 이들 세포가 만드는 억제성 T세포 인자에 대한 실체는 정확히 규명되지 못하고 있다. 오히려 억제성 T세포가 조력 T세포처럼 별개의 세포군으로 존재한다는 것을 부인하는 학자도 최근 나오게 되었다.(이 분야의 연구에서 나타난 문제점들이 정리되어 있음). 그러나 억제성 T세포의 존재를 부인하는 학자들도 T세포가 면역 반응의 억제에 관여한다는 사실, 적어도 그 현상 자체를 부인하지는 않았다. 다시말하면, 면역반응이 T세포에 의하여 억제되는 현상은 이미 수 천년의 논문을 통하여 입증되고 있다. 면역반응의 억제에 있어서 억제성 T세포및 억제성 T세포 인자의 역할은 앞으로의 연구를 통해 명확히 규명될 것이며, 정말 억제성 T세포가 있느냐 없느냐 하는 것은 이 총설의 주제가 아니다. 다만 여기서는 조력 T세포도 경우에 따라서는 면역반응의 억제에 관여한다는 최근의 연구결과를 간단히 소개하고자 한다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.661-676
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• 2017

Let T be a bounded linear operator acting on a complex Hilbert space ${\mathfrak{H}}$. In this paper we introduce the class, denoted ${\mathcal{Q}}(A(k),m)$, of operators satisfying $T^{m{\ast}}(T^{\ast}{\mid}T{\mid}^{2k}T)^{1/(k+1)}T^m{\geq}T^{{\ast}m}{\mid}T{\mid}^2T^m$, where m is a positive integer and k is a positive real number and we prove basic structural properties of these operators. Using these results, we prove that if P is the Riesz idempotent for isolated point ${\lambda}$ of the spectrum of $T{\in}{\mathcal{Q}}(A(k),m)$, then P is self-adjoint, and we give a necessary and sufficient condition for $T{\otimes}S$ to be in ${\mathcal{Q}}(A(k),m)$ when T and S are both non-zero operators. Moreover, we characterize the quasinilpotent part $H_0(T-{\lambda})$ of class A(k) operator.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2011

A bounded linear operator T on a complex Banach space X is said to have property (I) provided that T has Bishop's property (${\beta}$) and there exists an integer p > 0 such that for a closed subset F of ${\mathbb{C}}$ ${X_T}(F)={E_T}(F)=\bigcap_{{\lambda}{\in}{\mathbb{C}}{\backslash}F}(T-{\lambda})^PX$ for all closed sets $F{\subseteq}{\mathbb{C}}$, where $X_T$(F) denote the analytic spectral subspace and $E_T$(F) denote the algebraic spectral subspace of T. Easy examples are provided by normal operators and hyponormal operators in Hilbert spaces, and more generally, generalized scalar operators and subscalar operators in Banach spaces. In this paper, we prove that if T has property (I), then the quasi-nilpotent part $H_0$(T) of T is given by $$KerT^P=\{x{\in}X:r_T(x)=0\}={\bigcap_{{\lambda}{\neq}0}(T-{\lambda})^PX$$ for all sufficiently large integers p, where ${r_T(x)}=lim\;sup_{n{\rightarrow}{\infty}}{\parallel}T^nx{\parallel}^{\frac{1}{n}}$. We also prove that if T has property (I) and the spectrum ${\sigma}$(T) is finite, then T is algebraic. Finally, we prove that if $T{\in}L$(X) has property (I) and has decomposition property (${\delta}$) then T has a non-trivial invariant closed linear subspace.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2010

For a bounded linear operator T on a separable complex infinite dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, we say that T is a quasi-class (A, k) operator if $T^{*k}|T^2|T^k\;{\geq}\;T^{*k}|T|^2T^k$. In this paper we prove that if T is a quasi-class (A, k) operator and f is an analytic function on an open neighborhood of the spectrum of T, then f(T) satisfies Weyl's theorem. Also, we consider the tensor product for quasi-class (A, k) operators.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

최근 IoT 기술이 홈케어, 헬스케어, 자동차, 교통, 농업, 제조업 등 다양한 분야에 적용되면서 신성장 동력의 핵심으로 IoT 서비스를 제공하거나 IoT 환경을 자체적으로 구축하여 산업현장에 도입하려는 기업이나 기관이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 IoT 환경은 인터넷을 통해 현실세계와 IoT 디바이스가 직접 연결되는 특성으로 인해서 IoT 보안의 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있으며 IoT를 이용한 보안 사고 사례 및 취약점이 지속적으로 발표되면서 IoT 보안 위험 또한 계속 증가되고 있다. 이렇게 IoT 환경에는 많은 취약점과 보안 위협이 존재하기에 IoT 제품의 최초 설계/개발 단계부터 배포/설치/구성 단계, 운영/관리/폐기 단계까지 IoT 제품 및 서비스의 각 단계별로 보안 요구사항과 가이드라인을 적용하여 보안을 내재화하고 IoT 제품 및 서비스를 도입하는 사용자 입장에서 IoT 보안에 대해서 관심을 가지고 스스로 확인 할 수 있도록 보안 점검 기준이 필요하다. 본고에서는 IoT 디바이스의 특성과 보안 요구사항에 따른 보안 원칙 및 보안 가이드를 살펴보고 IoT 기술을 산업현장에 적용하고자 하는 기관/기업에 적용 가능한 IoT 디바이스의 보안 점검 기준을 제시한다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.791-815
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• 2014

We show amongst other that if $f,g:[a,b]{\rightarrow}\mathbb{C}$ are two functions of bounded variation and such that the Riemann-Stieltjes integral $\int_a^bf(t)dg(t)$ exists, then for any continuous functions $h:[a,b]{\rightarrow}\mathbb{C}$, the Riemann-Stieltjes integral $\int_{a}^{b}h(t)d(f(t)g(t))$ exists and $${\int}_a^bh(t)d(f(t)g(t))={\int}_a^bh(t)f(t)d(g(t))+{\int}_a^bh(t)g(t)d(f(t))$$. Using this identity we then provide sharp upper bounds for the quantity $$\|\int_a^bh(t)d(f(t)g(t))\|$$ and apply them for trapezoid and Ostrowski type inequalities. Some applications for continuous functions of selfadjoint operators on complex Hilbert spaces are given as well.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1141-1158
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• 2018

Hahn difference operator $D_{q,{\omega}}$ which is defined by $$D_{q,{\omega}}g(t)=\{{\frac{g(gt+{\omega})-g(t)}{t(g-1)+{\omega}}},{\hfill{20}}\text{if }t{\neq}{\theta}:={\frac{\omega}{1-q}},\\g^{\prime}({\theta}),{\hfill{83}}\text{if }t={\theta}$$ received a lot of interest from many researchers due to its applications in constructing families of orthogonal polynomials and in some approximation problems. In this paper, we investigate sufficient conditions for stability of the abstract linear Hahn difference equations of the form $$D_{q,{\omega}}x(t)=A(t)x(t)+f(t),\;t{\in}I$$, and $$D^2{q,{\omega}}x(t)+A(t)D_{q,{\omega}}x(t)+R(t)x(t)=f(t),\;t{\in}I$$, where $A,R:I{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{X}}$, and $f:I{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{X}}$. Here ${\mathbb{X}}$ is a Banach algebra with a unit element e and I is an interval of ${\mathbb{R}}$ containing ${\theta}$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제28권5_6호
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• pp.1285-1304
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to establish some sufficient conditions for oscillation of solutions of the second-order functional dynamic equation of Emden-Fowler type $\[a(t)x^{\Delta}(t)\]^{\Delta}+p(t)|x^{\gamma}(\tau(t))|\|x^{\Delta}(t)\|^{1-\gamma}$ $sgnx(\tau(t))=0$, $t\;{\geq}\;t_0$, on a time scale $\mathbb{T}$, where ${\gamma}\;{\in}\;(0,\;1]$, a, p and $\tau$ are positive rd-continuous functions defined on $\mathbb{T}$, and $lim_{t{\rightarrow}{\infty}}\;{\tau}(t)\;=\;\infty$. Our results include some previously obtained results for differential equations when $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}$. When $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{N}$ and $\mathbb{T}=q^{\mathbb{N}_0}=\{q^t\;:\;t\;{\in}\;\mathbb{N}_0\}$ where q > 1, the results are essentially new for difference and q-difference equations and can be applied on different types of time scales. Some examples are worked out to demonstrate the main results.