• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2021

According to IMO, MASS is defined as a vessel operated at various levels independent of human interference. The safety navigation support service for MASS is designed to improve the safety and efficiency of MASS by developing public services on shore for ship arrivals/departures and for cargo handling. The safety navigation support service consists of a total of six types of services: autonomous operation, berthing/unberthing/mooring, cargo handling and ship arrival/departure service, PSC inspection, condition monitoring, and accident response support services. In order to support accident response service, the relative importance of a bridge navigational equipment was assessed by stratifying the navigation system to provide safe and efficient support services by objective judgment through specific and quantitative methods using AHP, one of decision-making methods used by an expert group. The survey was conducted by dividing the bridge navigational equipment into depth, location, and speed information. As a result of applying the AHP method, the importance of depth, location, and speed information was assessed. The relative importance of each equipment for providing location information was also assessed in order of Radar, DGPS, ECDIS, Gyro compass, Autopilot, and AIS. This was similar to survey results on the utilization of each operator's preference and its impact on marine accidents.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.245-256
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• 2021

The Fourth Industrial Revolution brought the quantitative value of data across the industry and entered the era of 'Big Data'. This is due to both the rapid development of information & communication technology and the diversity & complexity of customer purchasing tendencies. An enterprise's core competence in the Big Data Era is to analyze and utilize the data to make strategic decisions for enterprise. However, most of traditional studies on Big Data have focused on technical issues and future potential values. In addition, these studies lacked interest in managing the quality and utilization levels of internal & external customer Big Data held by the entity. To overcome these shortages, this study attempted to derive influential factors by recognizing the quality management information systems and quality management of the internal & external Big Data. First of all, we conducted a survey of 204 executives & employees to determine whether Big Data quality management, Big Data utilization, and level management have a significant impact on corporate work efficiency & corporate management performance. For the study for this purpose, hypotheses were established, and their verifications were carried out. As a result of these studies, we found that the reasons that significantly affect corporate management performance are support from the management class, individual innovation, changes in the management environment, Big Data quality utilization metrics, and Big Data governance system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

In order to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, Urban Air Mobility (UAM) concept using Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft has been gaining popularity, and many domestic and international studies are underway. However, since these aircraft inevitably fly over densely populated areas, it is essential to ensure safety, which starts with accurately analyzing the crash risk. In this paper, the locations and impact speeds of crash are computed using six degree-of-freedom simulations of an eVTOL aircraft in a fixed-wing mode. System malfunction was modeled by a sudden loss of thrust with control surfaces being stuck during cruise. Because most of these eVTOL aircraft are still under development, a methodology of constructing a six degree-of-freedom dynamics model from generic specification is also developed. The results show that the crash locations are highly concentrated right under the aircraft within a square that has an edge length similar to the cruise altitude. Speed distribution is more complicated because almost identical crash locations can be achieved by two very different paths resulting in a large variation in the speeds.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction technology, one of the promising solutions for climate change, can convert CO₂, a representative greenhouse gas (GHG), into valuable base chemicals using electric energy. In particular, carbon monoxide (CO), among various candidate products, is attracting much attention from both academia and industry because of its high Faraday efficiency, promising economic feasibility, and relatively large market size. Although numerous previous studies have recently analyzed the GHG reduction potential of this technology, the assumptions made and inventory data used are neither consistent nor transparent. In this study, a comparative life cycle assessment was carried out to analyze the potential for reducing GHG emissions in the electrochemical CO production process in a more transparent way. By defining three different system boundaries, the global warming impact was compared with that of a fossil fuel-based CO production process. The results confirmed that the emission factor of electric energy supplied to CO₂-electrolyzers should be much lower than that of the current national power generation sector in order to mitigate GHG emissions by replacing conventional CO production with electrochemical CO production. Also, it is important to disclose transparently inventory data of the conventional CO production process for a more reliable analysis of GHG reduction potential.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2021

Advances in food packaging play an important role in keeping food manufacturing and food supply safe. Food packaging facilitates the storage, handling, transportation and preservation of food, and also contributes to the minimization of food waste. On the other hand, food packaging materials have high production volumes, short usage times, and accelerate the occurrence of environmental problems related to waste. The circular economy has already been introduced to pursue sustainability through resource conservation and recycling, and to reduce waste and carbon emissions. By activating an eco-friendly economic system that minimizes resource depletion and environmental pollution, reducing, reusing, recycling and redesigning the goals of the circular economy will reduce the impact of food packaging on the environment. This review focused on the safety aspects of recycled food packaging as recycling is currently considered an important means of packaging waste management. Assessing the safety of recycled packaging is very important because recycling can increase the levels of potentially hazardous chemicals in packaging and in the food after they are migrated. Various food packaging materials such as plastic, paper and cardboard, aluminum, steel, and multi-material multi-layers packaging are commonly used, but only the recycling safety of plastic food packaging materials, which is the most used and has a significant increase in post-use problem, is discussed in this review.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.157-172
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• 2021

Information security companies were established in earnest from the mid-late 1990s to early 2000s, far shorter than other national key industries. Nevertheless, the information security industry has made rapid progress. It is expected that the proportion of the information security industry will increase rapidly with the development of advanced technology along with the 4th industrial revolution. As COVID-19, which occurred at the end of 2019, spreads around the world in 2020, non-face-to-face services and digital transformation are accelerating, and cyber threats to users are also increasing. However, there are limitations in responding to new Cyber Security threats due to the shortage of information protection manpower, insufficient security capabilities of domestic companies, and the narrow domestic information protection market. This study examines the external environmental factors of information security companies such as government information protection system operation, government influence, government support, partnership between information security companies, and internal environmental factors such as top management support, financial status, human resources, organizational capability, This study was conducted using empirical data to analyze whether it affects innovation capability and whether organizational capability and innovation capability affect financial and non-financial performance. The results of this study can be used as basic data to suggest policies and implications for information security, and to strengthen the competitiveness of the information security industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.433-444
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• 2022

This study aimed to identify the change trajectories and clusters of Korean women's family values and depression levels, and the factors affecting depression, to use balanced panel data from the 1st to 7th rounds of the Korea Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families(KLSWF). The subjects of this study were 5,048 female panelists who participated in the KLSWF, and LSTM analysis was conducted using Python to divide the clusters of Korean women suffering from depression. In addition, descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA, multinomial logistic regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Results, It was confirmed that women's depression increased with age, and family values had a significant impact on depression. It was found that the more open the marriage values of women in the married group, the higher the level of depression. The family values trajectory and depression level of the analyzed subjects were not a single pattern, but included four clusters. To prevent depression among Korean women and provide more concrete interventions, a humanities and sociological system that can identify depression groups should be prepared.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.62-73
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• 2022

As the competition among the autonomous vehicle (AV, here after) developers are getting fierce, Korean government has been supporting developers by deregulating safety standards and providing financial subsidies. Recently, some OEMs announced their plans to market Lv3 and Lv4 automated driving systems. However, these market changes raised concern among public road management sectors for monitoring road conditions and alleviating hazardous conditions for AVs and human drivers. In this regards, the authors proposed a methodology for monitoring road infrastructure to identify hazardous factors for AVs and categorizing the hazards based on their level of impact. To evaluate the degrees of the harm on AVs, the authors suggested a methodology for managing road hazard factors based on vehicle performance features including vehicle body, sensors, and algorithms. Furthermore, they proposed a method providing AVs and road management authorities with potential risk information on road by delivering them on the monitoring map with node and link structure.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2021

Purpose: To find diagnostic image features, to compare diagnostic performance of multiphase CT versus gadoxetic acid disodium-enhanced MRI (GAD-MRI), and to evaluate the impact of analyzing Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) imaging features, for distinguishing combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Ninety-six patients with pathologically proven CHC (n = 48) or HCC (n = 48), diagnosed June 2008 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed in random order by three radiologists with different experience levels. In the first analysis, the readers independently determined the probability of CHC based on their own knowledge and experiences. In the second analysis, they evaluated imaging features defined in LI-RADS 2018. Area under the curve (AUC) values for CHC diagnosis were compared between CT and MRI, and between the first and second analyses. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen's weighted κ values. Results: Targetoid LR-M image features showed better specificities and positive predictive values (PPV) than the others. Among them, rim arterial phase hyperenhancement had the highest specificity and PPV. Average sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values were higher for MRI than for CT in both the first (P = 0.008, 0.005, 0.002, respectively) and second (P = 0.017, 0.026, 0.036) analyses. Interobserver agreements were higher for MRI in both analyses (κ = 0.307 for CT, κ = 0.332 for MRI in the first analysis; κ = 0.467 for CT, κ = 0.531 for MRI in the second analysis), with greater agreement in the second analysis for both CT (P = 0.001) and MRI (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Rim arterial phase hyperenhancement on GAD-MRI can be a good indicator suggesting CHC more than HCC. GAD-MRI may provide greater accuracy than CT for distinguishing CHC from HCC. Interobserver agreement can be improved for both CT and MRI by analyzing LI-RADS imaging features.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2022

Background: The present study evaluated the clinical implications of adjuvant chemotherapy according to the mismatch repair (MMR) status and clinicopathologic features of patients with intermediate- and high-risk stage II colon cancer (CC). Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 5,774 patients who were diagnosed with CC and underwent curative surgical resection at Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital. The patients were enrolled according to the following criteria: (1) pathologically diagnosed with primary CC; (2) stage II CC classified based on the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system; (3) intermediate- and high-risk features; and (4) available test results for MMR status. A total of 286 patients met these criteria and were included in the study. Results: Among the 286 patients, 54 (18.9%) were identified as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient MMR (dMMR). Although all the patients identified as MSI-H/dMMR showed better survival outcomes, T4 tumors and adjuvant chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival. For the intermediate-risk patients identified as MSI-low (MSI-L)/microsatellite stable (MSS) or proficient MMR (pMMR), adjuvant chemotherapy exhibited a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) but had no impact on overall survival (OS). Oxaliplatin-containing regimens showed no association with DFS or OS. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with DFS in intermediate-risk patients identified as MSI-H/dMMR. Conclusion: The current study found that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy was correlated with better DFS in MSI-L/MSS or pMMR intermediate-risk stage II CC patients.