• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.348-353
• /
• 2012

Micro-drawn parts have received wider acceptance as products become smaller and more precise. The subject of this study was the deformation characteristics of ultra thin sheet metal in micro drawing of a rectangular shaped part. The influence of drawing speed and blank holding force on the product quality was investigated in micro-drawing of ultra thin sheet of beryllium copper (C1720) alloy. The specimen had a diameter of 4.8 mm and a thickness of $50{\mu}m$. Experiments were carried out in which, different blank holding force and drawing speed were considered. The product quality was evaluated by measuring the thickness and hardness along two specified directions, namely, the side and diagonal directions. The distribution of the thickness strain showed severe thinning especially around the punch radius in both directions. In the diagonal direction, thickening occurred in the flange area due to the axi-symmetric drawing mode. The increase of blank holding force and/or drawing speed was found to cause severe thinning around the punch radius. The blank holding force had a greater effect on thinning of the product than the drawing speed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2002

Free vibration of a thin-walled laminated composite beam is studied. A general analytical model applicable to the dynamic behavior of a thin-walled channel section composite is developed. This model is based on the classical lamination theory, and accounts for the coupling of flexural and torsional modes for arbitrary laminate stacking sequence configuration. i.e. unsymmetric as well as symmetric, and various boundary conditions. A displacement-based one-dimensional finite element model is developed to predict natural frequencies and corresponding vibration modes for a thin-walled composite beam. Equations of motion are derived from the Hamilton's principle. Numerical results are obtained for thin-walled composite addressing the effects of fiber angle. modulus ratio. and boundary conditions on the vibration frequencies and mode shapes of the composites.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2017

An innovative analysis method is proposed in this paper for the determination of ultimate resistance of prestressed concrete beams. The proposed method can be applied to simply supported or continuous beams in a unified manner whether structure and external loads are symmetric or not. Through the iterative nonlinear strain compatibility solutions, this method can also be applied to the non-prismatic section/un-symmetrical composite structures under moving load. The conventional studies have used the failure criteria when the strain of concrete reaches 0.003. However compared with bonded case, the value of strain in the reinforcement is much smaller than bonded case, thus, unbonded prestressed cases show compressive failure mode. It is shown that the proposed method gives acceptable results within 5% error compared with the prior experimental results. It can be shown that the proposed method can reach the solution much faster than typical three-dimensional finite element analysis for the same problem. This method is applicable to the existing unbonded prestressed members where deterioration has occurred leading to the reduced ultimate resistance or safety. In all, the proposed procedure can be applied to the design and analysis of newly constructed structures, as well as the risk assessment of rehabilitated structures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2006

Optical waveguide based on symmetric and asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) type was designed, fabricated and measured the optical characteristics for the application of biosensor. The wavelength of the input optical signal for the device was 1550 nm. And the difference of refractive index was $0.45\;{\Delta}\%$ between core and cladding of the device. The TM(Transverse Magnetic) mode optical properties of the biosensor were analyzed with the refractive index variation of gold thin film deposited for overclad. Nowadays, nano-photonic crystal structures have been paied much attention for its high optical sensitivity. There is a technique to realize the structure, which is called Dip-Pen Nanolithography(DPN) process. The process requires a nano-scale process patterning resolution and high reliability. In this paper, two dimensional nano-photonic crystal array on the surface was proposed for improving the sensitivity of optical biosensor. And the Dip-Pen Nanolithogrphy process was investigated to realize it.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.133-143
• /
• 1991

A new internal tide model for solving flow fields and wave generations is presented here which seems to be simple to apply, converges fast and yields accurate results. The new method employs a representation of vertical structure using dynamic basis functions which depend on the stratifications. The present method has been applied to the East Sea. For a constant Brunt-Vaisala case, weak baroclinic currents are generated over the entire continertal slop: however, results using a more realistic stratification can be described using only the lowest modes and exhibit much more realistic behavior. Baroclinic tide generation is confined to the upper slope. Model results for the East sea show the semi-diurnal baroclinic modes contain almost all the energy transferred from the barotropic mode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2019

Rotor wake interaction must be considered to understand the quadrotor flight, and the rotor separation distance is an important parameter that affects the rotor wake interaction. In this study, the wake characteristics were investigated with varying the rotor separation distance. The velocity field in the rotor wake was measured using digital PIV for hovering mode at Re = 34,000, and the wake boundaries from the inner and outer rotor tips were quantitatively compared with varying the rotor separation distance. The symmetric rotor-tip vortex shedding about the rotor axis was found at a large rotor separation distance. However, the wake boundary became more asymmetric about the rotor axis with decreasing the rotor separation distance. At the minimum rotor separation distance, in particular, a faster vortex decay was observed due to a strong vortex interaction between adjacent rotors.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.635-659
• /
• 2015

In this study, natural frequency analysis of a large deflected cantilever laminated composite beam fixed at both ends, which forms the case of a pre-stressed curved beam, is investigated. The laminated beam is considered to have symmetric and asymmetric lay-ups and the effective flexural modulus of the beam is used in the analysis. In order to obtain the pre-stressed composite curved beam case, an external vertical concentrated load is applied at the free end of a cantilever laminated composite beam and then the loading point of the deflected beam is fixed. The non-linear deflection curve of the flexible beam undergoing large deflection is obtained by the Reversion Method. The curved laminated composite beam is modeled by using the Finite Element Method with a straight-beam element approach. The effects of orientation angle and vertical load on the natural frequency parameter for the first four modes are examined and the results obtained are given in graphics. It has been found that the effect of the load parameter, which forms the curved laminated beam, on the natural frequency parameter, almost disappears after a certain value of the load parameter. This certain value differs for each laminated curved beam and each vibration mode.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.515-522
• /
• 2001

A simplified method is presented for the computation of eigenvalue and eigenvector derivatives associated with repeated eigenvalues. In the proposed method, adjacent eigenvectors and orthonormal conditions are used to compose an algebraic equation whose order is (n+m)x(n+m), where n is the number of coordinates and m is the number of multiplicity of the repeated eigenvalue. One algebraic equation developed can be computed eigenvalue and eigenvector derivatives simultaneously. Since the coefficient matrix of the proposed equation is symmetric and based on N-space, this method is very efficient compared to previous methods. Moreover the numerical stability of the method is guaranteed because the coefficient matrix of the proposed equation is non-singular, This method can be consistently applied to both structural systems with structural design parameters and mechanical systems with lumped design parameters. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the finite element model of the cantilever beam and a 5-DOF mechanical system in the case of a non-proportionally damped system are considered as numerical examples. The design parameter of the cantilever beam is its width, and that of the 5-DOF mechanical system is a spring.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2010

The ultrasonic guided wave propagates along with the given structure's wall direction. Because of this specific character, the ultrasonic guided waves arc used in many other fields. Especially, it can be readily utilized for nondestructive inspection of various structures that are made up of gas pipes, heat exchanger tubes, and thin plates. Further, the guided wave technology can be readily utilized when inspecting pipes or thin plates which pose high risk of the accident but for which the nondestructive inspection itself is impossible because it is difficult to get to them since they are coated or buried underground. In the other hand, conventional ultrasonic testing such as thickness gauging uses bulk waves and only tests the region of structure immediately below the transducer. As a result of the application about inlet and outlet cooling water line using guided wave test, we conformed that the overall corrosions were in the lower side of the 304.8 mm inlet valve and these corrosions were engaged in not locally but through the lower side of the valve line. In the near future, we can expect that the detectable defect size is smaller than before along with the development of the sensing technology.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2014

The partial product matrix of a parallel squarer are symmetric about the diagonal. To reduce the number of partial product bits and the depth of partial product matrix, it can be typically folded, shifted and bit-rearranged. In this paper, an efficient design approach for the combined squarer, capable of operating on either unsigned or signed numbers based on a mode selection signal, is presented. By simulations, it is shown that the proposed combined squarers lead to up to 18% reduction in area, 11% reduction in propagation delay and 9% reduction in power consumption compared with the previous combined squarers.