• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.981-987
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• 2014

DC/DC 컨버터는 임의의 직류전원을 부하가 요구하는 형태의 직류전원으로 변환시키는 효율이 높은 전력변환기이다. DC/DC 컨버터는 MOSFET(산화물-반도체 전계 효과 트랜지스터), PWM-IC(펄스폭 변조 집적회로) 제어기, 인덕터, 콘덴서 등으로 구성되어있다. MOSFET는 스위치 기능을 수행하는데 코발트 60 ($^{60}Co$) 저준위 감마발생기를 이용한 TID 실험에서 방사선의 영향으로 문턱전압과 항복전압의 변화와 SEGR 실험에 적용된 5종류의 중이온 입자는 MOSFET의 게이트(gate)에 영향을 주어 게이트가 파괴된다. MOSFET의 TID 실험은 40 Krad 까지 수행하였으며, SEGR 실험은 제어보드를 구현한 후 LET(MeV/mg/$cm^2$)별 cross section($cm^2$)을 연구하는데 있다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2017

Fast and accurate fault detection is the primary step and one of the most important tasks in fault tolerant converters. In this paper, a fast and simple method is proposed to detect and diagnosis the faulty cell in a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter under a short circuit fault. In this method, the reference voltage is calculated using switching control pulses and DC-Link voltages. The comparison result of the output voltage and the reference voltage is used in conjunction with active cell pulses to detect the faulty cell. To achieve this goal, the cell which is active when the Fault signal turns to "0" is detected as the faulty cell. Furthermore, consideration of generating the active cell pulses is completely described. Since the main advantage of this method is its simplicity, it can be easily implemented in a programmable digital device. Experimental results obtained with an 11-level inverter prototype confirm the effectiveness of the proposed fault detection technique. In addition, they show that the diagnosis method is unaffected by variations of the modulation index.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.310-311
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• 2008

We have studied electro-optical characteristics of fringe-field switching (FFS) mode with high $d{\Delta}n$ according to the electrode position. In this device, the fringe-electric field drives the LCs to rotate so that the dielectric torque is electrode-positional dependent, which results in electrode-position dependency in the LC's rotating angle. We confirmed polarization microscope image and chromaticity diagram at the different electrode position with LC that have high $d{\Delta}n$. Since the FFS mode is influenced by horizontal and vertical electric field, the FFS mode modulates light using both phase retardation and polarization rotation effect, which had already been verified with previous studies. However, from another point of view, tight modulation of FFS mode has been demonstrated by performing experiment and calculated simulation at the high $d{\Delta}n$ LC cell.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 비대칭 펄스 폭 변조 파워-앰프를 갖는 스테레오 오디오 디지털-아날로그 변환기를 제안한다. 고 전력 오디오 기기에 주로 사용되던 class-D 증폭기를 헤드폰 응용에 적용하기 위하여, 증폭기가 디지털-아날로그 변환기와 한 칩으로 집적화될 때에 발생되는 채널 간 간섭에 의한 잡음을 분석하고 이 영향을 줄이기 위한 시그마-델타 변조기의 최적화 방안을 제시하였다. 또한, 비대칭 구조의 펄스 폭 변조 방식이 파워-앰프 단에서 발생되는 스위칭 노이즈와 전력 손실을 줄이기 위하여 구현되었다. 제안된 구조들은 0.13-mm CMOS 공정을 통해 설계 제작되었다. 제안된 오디오 디지털-아날로그 변환기는 단일 출력을 가진 파워-앰프를 포함하여 4.4-mW를 소모하면서 다이나믹-레인지 95-dB를 확보하였다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2006

GATA transcription factors are widespread eukaryotic regulators whose DNA-binding domain is a class IV zinc finger motif in the form $CX_{2}CX_{17-20}CX_{2}C$followed by a basic region. In fungi, they act as transcriptional activators or repressors in several different processes, ranging from nitrogen source utilization to mating-type switching. Using an in-house bioinformatics portal system, we surveyed 50 fungal and 9 out-group genomes and identified 396 putative fungal GATA transcription factors. The proportion of GATA transcription factors within a genome varied among taxonomic lineages. Subsequent analyses of phylogenetic relationships among the fungal GATA transcription factors, as well as a study of their domain architecture and gene structure, demonstrated high degrees of conservation in type IVa and type IVb zinc finger motifs and the existence of distinctive clusters at least at the level of subphylum. The SFH1 subgroup with a 20-residue loop was newly identified, in addition to six well-defined subgroups in the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Furthermore, a novel GATA motif with a 2f-residue loop ($CX_{2}CX_{21}CX_{2}C$, designated 'zinc finger type IVc') was discovered within the phylum Basidiomycota. Our results suggest that fungal GATA factors might have undergone multiple distinct modes of evolution resulting in diversified cellular modulation in fungi.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.760-769
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 LED의 색 영역을 확장하기 위해서 Hybrid LED 구동회로와 제어 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 Hybrid LED 구동회로는 고 전류에서는 스위칭 레귤레이션 동작을 하고 저 전류에서는 리니어 레귤레이션 동작을 함으로써 LED에 일정한 정 전류를 공급하였다. 또한 고 전류와 저 전류의 크기를 각각 CC 제어기법과 PWM 제어기법으로 제어하였다. 제안된 구동회로와 제어 기법으로 RGB LED 각각의 전류를 가변하였고, 전류가 최대 전류대비 2%까지 선형적으로 제어됨 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 게다가 출력된 광색을 CIE1931 색도좌표로 측정하였다. 그 결과 기존의 표현할 수 없었던 색이 균일하게 출력됨을 확인하였으며, 제안된 구동회로와 제어 기법이 저 전류제어가 가능함으로 색 영역 확장이 가능함을 증명하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2012년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.15-16
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• 2012

LED(Light Emitting Diode)는 기존 광원보다 고효율, 저전력, 장수명으로 인해 일반 조명들을 모두 대체될 것으로 전망되며, 또한 기본적으로 반도체 소자이기 때문에 전기에서 빛으로 바꾸는 속도가 매우 빠르며, 이와 같은 특성을 이용하여 고속 ON-OFF 스위칭을 통한 통신 변조를 수행 할 수 있다. 최근에는 이러한 특징을 이용한 가시광 통신(VLC: Visible Light Communication)기술이 주목받고 있으며, 많은 연구가 진행 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 LED와 가시광 통신을 융합하여 송신부에는 LED 발광소자와 수신부에는 적외선센서를 사용하여, 미디어 신호 전송을 구현하였다. 미디어 전송 속도를 개선하기위해 가시광 통신에 적용되는 기존 가시광 통신용 LED 드라이버의 전력 변환 효율 및 발열 문제를 개선하고자 통신 시스템의 효율 증대를 위해 새로운 방식의 LED 드라이버를 연구하고자 한다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.572-581
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• 2014

A design and control method of DC/DC converter, which can control variable DC-link voltage to drive a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), is proposed in this study. Given that a fuel cell has low-voltage and high-current characteristics, the required voltage for operating motor must be output through the DC/DC boost converter in the system to drive an FCEV. The proposed converter can choose the output voltage of battery or fuel cell in consideration of the driving mode, as well as control DC-link voltage in accordance with the back electromotive force. The switching lag-time to prevent shortage of pulse-width modulation inverter arms makes distorted current waveform caused by voltage distortion. Through this control method, the proposed converter can reduce the output voltage distortion and current ripple of the inverter, thereby reducing the distorted torque. Simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the reliability of the proposed DC/DC converter.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2024-2034
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• 2016

This paper presents a DC-DC buck converter with a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) that can compensates for power efficiency degradation over a wide input range. Its switching frequency is kept at 2 MHz and the delay difference between the High side driver and the Low side driver can be minimized with respect to Process, Voltage and Temperature (PVT) variations by adopting the PLL. The operation mode of the proposed DC-DC buck converter is automatically changed to Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or PWM frequency modes according to the load condition (heavy load or light load) while supporting a maximum load current of up to 1.2 A. The PWM frequency mode is used to extend the CCM region under the light load condition for the PWM operation. As a result, high efficiency can be achieved under the light load condition by the PWM frequency mode and the delay compensation with the PLL. The proposed DC-DC buck converter is fabricated with a $0.18{\mu}m$ BCD process, and the die area is $3.96mm^2$. It is implemented to have over a 90 % efficiency at an output voltage of 5 V when the input range is between 8 V and 20 V. As a result, the variation in the power efficiency is less than 1 % and the maximum efficiency of the proposed DC-DC buck converter with the PLL is 95.4 %.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2014

Power Transformers with more than one secondary winding are not uncommon in industrial applications. But new classes of applications where very large number of independent secondaries are used are becoming popular in controlled converters for medium and high voltage applications. Cascade H-bridge medium voltage drives and Pulse Step Modulation (PSM) based high voltage power supplies are such applications. Regulated high voltage power supplies (Fig. 1) with 35-100 kV, 5-10 MW output range with very fast dynamics (${\mu}S$ order) uses such transformers. Such power supplies are widely used in fusion research. Here series connection of isolated voltage sources with conventional switching semiconductor devices is achieved by large number of separate transformers or by single unit of multi-secondary transformer. Naturally, a transformer having numbers of secondary windings (~40) on single core is the preferred solution due to space and cost considerations. For design and simulation analysis of such a power supply, the model of a multi-secondary transformer poses special problem to any circuit analysis software as many simulation softwares provide transformer models with limited number (3-6) of secondary windings. Multi-Secondary transformer models with 3 different schemes are available. A comparison of test results from a practical Multi-secondary transformer with a simulation model using magnetic component is found to describe the behavior closer to observed test results. Earlier models assumed magnetising inductance in a linear loss less core model although in actual it is saturable core made-up of CRGO steel laminations. This article discusses a more detailed representation of flux coupled magnetic model with saturable core properties to simulate actual transformers very close to its observed parameters in test and actual usage.