• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2001

This paper presents a landscape design for the citizen plaza around the ˝Woojeongchongkuk˝(the 1st Korean postal building) where the ˝Gapsinjeongbyeon˝(1844 coup d´etat) occurred and which was once used as the ˝Jeoneoigam˝(a palace hospital). The site is located in 39 Kyeonji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, and of which area is about 2,013$m^2$. The landscape design goals are to build traditional spaces which fit the traditional buildings and where people feel the old atmosphere; to build interesting spaces where people can learn the post and telegraphic history; and to build nature-friendly green rest spaces in the city. To achieve these goals, symbolic, traditional, educational, historical, and environmentally-friendly concepts are developed. With this concept the space is divided into two axis of the pst and telegraph of Korea. Along the two axis the Postage Stamp ˝Madang˝(yard), the Letter Garden, the Telegraphic ˝Ddeul˝(garden), the Communication Plaza, and the ˝Jeoneoigam˝(old palace hospital) and the ˝Gapsinjeongbyeon˝(1884 coup d´etat) Memorial Place are arranged. The Postal Stamp Madang which symbolizes the first Korean postage stamp is a space for studying history and evolution of stamps in Korea. The Letter Garden which symbolizes and formalizes a letter paper is composed with white bamboo trees which are planted linearly and long granite benches on which famous letters are carved. In the Telegraphic Ddeul which symbolizes the telegraph, the history of the telegraphic instrument and the telephone is exhibited. In the Communication Plaze which symbolizes future post and telegraph service extending to the world, the images of satellite communication, internet, webmail etc. are exhibited. The Jeoneoigan, and the Gapsinjeongbyeon Memorial Place is for memorializing the historic place and events. Throughout the whole place, various models and ceramic picture tiles about the post and telegraph and exhibited for effective education. In conclusion, sustainable management schemes for the site are suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.32-44
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• 2019

Based on the characteristics of cultural expressions, this paper compares and analyzes the cases of representative commercial architectural spaces of six largest cities in China.In order to promoting the sustainable development of the indoor space culture of modern commercial buildings in China.Six cases were analyzed from the viewpoints of cultural tradition, locality, popularity, technology, and ecology. The results are as follows. First, the tradition of culture requires the emphasis on the traditional elements of specific areas in the interior space of commercial architecture.Second, the regional character of culture is closely related to the social and natural environment factors such as the economic development of the interior space of commercial architecture, historical intrinsic space, geographical environmental conditions, and climate.Fourth, the technicality of culture is to integrate construction method, structure form, and material with local culture into commercial architecture interior space.Fifth, cultural ecology places attention to placing plants in the interior space of commercial architecture and creating a healthy, pleasant and safe environment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.495-503
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• 2021

Aggregate is a major natural resource used in SOC construction, such as housing, roads, ports, etc., and is a fundamental material for national construction. Although aggregates account for only about 4% of the construction cost, aggregates occupy about 80% of the construction volume and are essential factors that determine the quantity and quality of buildings. For river, underwater, riverbed, sea, and land aggregates, it is difficult to rapidly increase the production of aggregates when there is difficulty in supply and demand due to environmental problems and limited resources during production, whereas forest aggregates are relatively easy to increase production. Forest aggregates are considered promising as alternative aggregate resources in the future when reducing other aggregates due to their abundance of natural resources, and are an effective aggregate source that can flexibly respond to aggregate demand in accordance with well-organized plans and policies. This study proposed the plan for activating the development of forest aggregates in the case of long and short transport distances, which is a factor that has a great influence on the development, and measures for the current difficulties in forest aggregate development

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

Korea has achieved a rapid economic development and with the increase in population and national income and the expansion of social and economic activities, energy consumption has rapidly increased too. Energy consumption per head has constantly increased and currently, power consumption per head is 7.5 times bigger than in 1985. Buildings occupy 25% of total energy consumption and especially, 50% of total energy is consumed for heating and cooling. In this situation, multi-family housing, which has constantly been increased, has an energy saving rate of 1.9%, which is the lowest level and this makes the government's energy policy for sustainable energy system development useless. Besides, energy consumption leads to secondary problems, such as air, water and marine pollution and heat pollution and wastewater/drainage and the increased use of fossil fuel is a fundamental reason for ozone layer destruction and global warming. Therefore, efficient energy consumption plans are required. This study aims to analyze energy performance in each block type of high-rise and diversified multi-family housing that accounts for 60% of all the housing forms, depending on the variations in stories through BIM-based energy simulation. For this study, four representative block types were selected, based on the multi-family floor plan, which is certified for energy performance evaluation and they were applied to the floor plan of a multi-family house that is scheduled to be built. Then BIM modeling was conducted from the fifth story to the 40th story at an intervals of 5 stories and based on the finding, energy characteristics of each block type and energy performance depending on the variations in stories were analyzed. It is considered that this would serve as objective data for block type and block story decision of energy performance-based multi-family housing.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2021

Public rental apartment is increasing due to the needs and changes of the times, but there is a lack of advancement in terms of management. As asset management in domestic buildings still remains unchanged from the concept of repair after failure or breakdown, social cost reduction is needed through the introduction of the concept of asset management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the management indicators for public rental housing asset management by identifying the concepts of domestic public rental housing asset management and the existing evaluation indicators through the consideration of domestic and foreign literature. To this end, this study identified the management factors presented overseas and analyzed the repair cases and history of domestic public rental housing to present sustainable management indicators suitable for domestic conditions. Through this, this study presented the basic direction for the management of rental housing as a public good in the future.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.493-502
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• 2022

In recent decades, infrastructural development has exploded, particularly in the coastal region of Saudi Arabia. The rising demand of most consumed aggregate in construction can be effectively compensated by the alternative material like scoria which lavishly exists in the western region. Scoria is characterized as lightweight aggregate beneficially used to develop lightweight concrete (LWC) - a potential alternative of normal weight concrete (NWC) ensuring reduction in the structural element's size, increase in building height, comparatively lighter foundation, etc. Hence, the goal of this study is to incorporate scoria-based structural lightweight concrete and evaluate its impact on superstructure and foundation design beside contributing to the economy of construction. Fresh, mechanical, and rheological properties of the novel LWC have been investigated. The structural analyses employ the NWC as well as LWC based structures under seismic and wind loadings. The commercial finite element package - ETABS was employed to find out the change in structural responses and foundations. The cost estimation and SWOT analysis for superstructure and foundation have also been carried out. It was revealed that the developed LWC enabled a more flexible structural design. Notable reduction in the steel and concrete prices of LWC might be possible in the low-rise building. It is postulated that the cost-effective and eco-friendly LWC will promote the usage of scoria as an effective alternative in Saudi Arabia and GCC countries for structurally viable LWC construction.

• Atmosphere
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.413-422
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• 2023

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is promising, sustainable and efficient air transportation in a metropolitan area. Korean government has recently announced operation demonstration plans as a step toward commercialization of UAM. However, there is lack of understanding on the potential impact of weather on UAM operation. We collected weather observations from Gimpo International Airport and 5 automatic weather stations (AWS) along UAM corridor of the Han-River to assess weather barriers such as low visibility, wind gust and wind shear. The results show the frequency of low visibility near the corridor fluctuated significantly from year to year depending on the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in Seoul. The frequency of high wind speed-shift calculated using 1-minute wind observations was increased not only during the spring season (March, April, and May) but also the beginning of rainy season (Jun). In addition, a chance of high wind shear from 1-minute wind observations varied by the stations, suggesting that the condition is largely affected by topography including a river and high-rise buildings. These basic weather properties suggest that there are substantial weather barriers to UAM operations along the Han-River Corridor, while they cannot properly surveil micro-scale weather conditions in detail such as wind gust and wind shear over the corridor. Thus, this study suggests that potential barriers related to adverse weather need to be evaluated, building high-density weather observations infrastructure prior to UAM demonstration and commercialization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.12-13
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• 2021

Methods for the manufacture, erection, and assembly of heavy frame modules were proposed. Interferences among precast members were prevented by using bolted metal plates for dry precast beam-to-column joints during assembly with a clearance for tolerance implementing grouted concrete filler plates instead of metal filler plates. Clearances for tolerances were provided to avoid conflictions among components during erection phases. These gaps were, then, grouted by high-strength mortar. The constructability of new connections of a beam-to-column joint using bolted metal plates for precast structures was examined using a full-scale assembly test in which practical observations indicated that members could be aligned and placed accurately in both horizontal and vertical directions, leading to a fast and convenient assembling. Bolt holes of the endplate were properly aligned using couplers with 30 mm fastened length embedded in the columns. The assembly test demonstrated the erection safety and structural stability of the proposed joints that were without filler plates when they were subjected to heavy loads at the time of their erection. The facile and rapid assembly of precast beam-to-column connections with a 30 mm tolerance was observed. The proposed assembly method is rapid, sustainable, and resilient, replacing the conventional methods of concrete frame construction, offering a connection that can be used in constructing infrastructure, such as buildings and pipe-rack frames.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-128
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• 2024

Concrete is the most significant material in the construction industry which is required to construct several facilities like roads, buildings, and bridges etc. which leads to the economic development of a country. But now days, in view of sustainable development and environmental problems, plastic waste management is one of the major environmental issues due to its non-biodegradable nature which allows it to stay in the landfills until they are cleaned up. To overcome all these concerns, plastic waste may be used as a substitute of natural fine and coarse aggregate in concrete and a valuable solution to utilize the plastic items which causes several problems. In order to, present study is focused on the affecting properties of concrete as workability, compressive strength, and tensile strength of concrete with using plastic waste and without using plastic waste. Based on the detailed literature, it was observed that the plastic waste is not affecting the quality and consistency of concrete. However, as the number of PVC particles in the mixture increased, the drying shrinkage values decreased and the inclusion of plastic flakes can mitigate drying shrinkage cracking which leads the higher durability of concrete. Based on the comprehensive literature, it was also observed that the plastic aggregate found to be suitable for low and medium strength concrete. However, the investigation on the application of plastic aggregate in the high strength concrete is found limited. It was concluded that the optimum percentage of the plastic aggregate was found about 20%.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

This study is a case study to identify the spatial composition and structural problems of existing schools for spatial innovation as a future school that can operate a credit system for old high schools and establish a mid-to-long-term arrangement plan as a credit system operating school capable of various teaching and learning in the future. The study results are as follows: First, most of the problems of the old high schools entailed that there was very poor connectivity between buildings as most of them were arranged in a single, standard design-type unit building and distributed in multiple buildings. In addition, the floor plan of each building is suggested to be a structure in which student exchange and rest functions cannot be achieved during the break period due to the spatial composition of the classroom and hallway concepts. Second, in the direction of the high school space configuration for future school space innovation, the arrangement plan should be established by reflecting the collective arrangement in consideration of the shortening of the movement route and the expansion of subject areas due to the movement of students on the premise of the subject classroom system. Moreover, it is desirable to provide a square-type space for rest and exchange in the central area where communication and exchange are possible according to the moving class. Third, as the evaluation criteria for relocating old high schools, a space program is prepared based on the number of classes in the future, and legal analysis of school land use and land use efficiency analysis considering regional characteristics are conducted. Based on such analysis data, mid-to-long-term land use plans and space arrangement plans for the entire school space such as the school facility complex are established.