• 자원환경지질
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2008

해양에서 관측되는 해양지구물리 탐사자료에는 위치오차, 기기오차, 관측오차, 해상 상태 등 다양한 원인에 기인하는 오차가 포함되어 있다. 이에 의해 한 기관에서 해양지구물리 탐사 자료를 취득할 때나 여러 기관에서 취득된 해양지구물리 탐사자료를 취합할 때 많은 교차점오차가 발생하고, 이러한 교차점오차는 부적절한 해석을 야기하는 인위적인 이 상대를 만든다. 교차점오차를 줄이기 위한 다양한 방법들이 제시되었지만, 이들 대부분의 방법들은 교차점을 찾기 위해 각각의 점자료(point data) 혹은 선분자료(segment data)를 모두 비교함으로써, 불필요하게 많은 계산시간을 요구하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중복구역나눔 방법을 도입하여 빠르게 교차점을 찾고, 가중치선형내삽 방법을 이용하여 교차점오차를 보정하는 포트란(FORTRAN) 프로그램 (FastXcorr)을 개발하였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2015

Purpose : This study examines the effect of trunk stabilization program on the body balance, lung capacity, and muscular activity of the rectus abdominis and external oblique of healthy adults. Method : A survey was conducted for 20 students of K University located in the city of Y in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province of Korea. The trunk stabilization program consisted of a hollowing exercise, curl-up, bridging exercise, and birddog exercise. This was performed 14 times in total (7 times a week for two weeks). For analysis, good balance was used to measure both static and dynamic balancing ability. A peak flow meter was used to measure the maximum expiratory flow, and MP150 was used to measure muscular activity of the rectus abdominis and external oblique. Result : After the trunk stabilization program, the participants showed a difference in score and time taken to achieve static and dynamic balance, and muscular activity of the rectus abdominis and external oblique at a statistically significant level (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the left-to-right distance and front-to-back distance in a dynamic balance, and the lung capacity (p>0.05). Conclusion : The results showed that the trunk stabilization program was effective in enhancing both static and dynamic balancing ability and muscular activity. It also increased the lung capacity although the change was not at a statistically significant level.

• 기술사
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1983

The Dangri Crushed Stone Quarry is located in Dangridong, Busan City, and around the estuary of the Nagdong River. The quarry is considered to be a very promised one in the urban area from the standpoints of the assessment of the aggregate rank, the environmental impacts and the transportation distance. The crushed stones for aggregate of the quarry marks the higher rank in the gravity, the absorption ratio, the abrasion ratio, and the stability in comparison with the JISA 5005. The basement vibrations of the residential section in the vicinity of the quarry, which are arised by the millisecond blasting at the quarry site using the gelatin dynamites less than 39kg in weight, are measured to assess the vibration nuisance. The values of acceleration and the magnitudes are less than eight gals and O on the Richter scale respectively, the vibration nuisance thus can be ignored in such scales of the experiments. The traffic vibrations of the residential section are slightly susceptible. In the experiments, the traffic vibrations appears to be sensibler to the basement than the explosion vibration. The explosion noises in the experiments are not checked not only on the RION Sound Level Meter but also to our ears. The values of traffic noises also are in the safety values of the noise nuisance. The crush dust suspends in the air toward the upper valley in the opposite side of the residential area because of the influences of the sea breeze and the valley wind in the daytime, and the monsoon and the topographic disposition. the dust nuisance thus would not be remained in problem. The quarry is operated in the daytime only. The traffic dust in the residential area will be reduced by the faultless pavement and the careful driving. The elaborate survey on the ridges and peaks surrounded the quarry is recommended to prevent in advance the accidents of the rock slide. Moreover, it is required to make an advisory committee to develop the industry and to save the techniques. The most important matter is the accomodation between the attitude of the enterprising man for the social responsibility to the public nuisance and the cooperative spirit of the inhabitants for the industry.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.397-412
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• 1996

This study aims to present the fundamental strategies to improve the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in apartment buildings. To investigate the concentration of indoor air pollutants such as radon, formaldehyde, and VOCs, both the document survey and the field measurement were conducted. In addition, to identify the source of the air pollutants, the laboratory experiment was carried out for various building materials. Finally, the minimum period to be reserved befor3e building occupation to ensure healthy IAQ, which largely depends on the ventilation rates, was simulated using a simple compuer program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. In case of newly-constructed apartment houses, concentrations of formaldehyde, VOCs and radon were found to exceed the standard. Meanwhile, at existing apartment houses, concentrations of VOCs, particularly toluene and xylene, highly exceeded the standasrd level. Concentrations of formaldehyde and radon, however, had been lowered according to the duration of occupation. 2. The laboratory experiment of concentration of pollutants per square meter of building material surface area showed that radon gas was much emitted from the gypsumboard; formaldehyde from flooring and wallpaper; and VOCs from paints and kitchen furnishings. The emission rates of formaldehyde and VOCs were proportional to air temperature. 3. According to the simulation of the minimum period to be reserved before occupation, newly-constructed airtight houses required about 190-200 days, and naturally ventialted houses with fully-open-windows required about 20-45days, in order to keep the level of radon gas lower than standard. Therefore, with the current practice, the date of occupation should be delayed for about 15 days.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2012

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to survey the radiographic exposure parameters, to measure the patient doses for intraoral dental radiography nationwide, and thus to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in intraoral dental X-ray examination in Korea. Materials and Methods: One hundred two intraoral dental radiographic machines from all regions of South Korea were selected for this study. Radiographic exposure parameters, size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration of machine, and type of dental X-ray machine were documented. Patient entrance doses (PED) and dose-area products (DAP) were measured three times at the end of the exit cone of the X-ray unit with a DAP meter (DIAMENTOR M4-KDK, PTW, Freiburg, Germany) for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography, and corrections were made for room temperature and pressure. Measured PED and DAP were averaged and compared according to the size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration, and type of dental X-ray machine. Results: The mean exposure parameters were 62.6 kVp, 7.9 mA, and 0.5 second for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography. The mean patient dose was 2.11 mGy (PED) and 59.4 $mGycm^2$ (DAP) and the third quartile one 3.07 mGy (PED) and 87.4 $mGycm^2$ (DAP). Doses at university dental hospitals were lower than those at dental clinics (p<0.05). Doses of digital radiography (DR) type were lower than those of film-based type (p<0.05). Conclusion: We recommend 3.1 mGy (PED), 87.4 $mGycm^2$ (DAP) as the DRLs in adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography in Korea.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2010

Purpose : To survey the radiographic examination protocol for lateral cephalometric radiographic examinations and to measure their patient doses in Korea and to compare the dose according to the size of hospital, the type of image receptor system, and the installation duration. Materials and Methods : The radiographic examination protocols (kVp, mA, and exposure time) for lateral cephalometric radiography were surveyed with 61 cephalometric radiographic equipments and their patient dose-area product (DAP) measured with a DAP meter (DIAMENTOR M4-KDK, PTW, Freiburg, Germany) for 51 cephalometric radiographic equipments. The radiographic examination protocols and patient doses were compared according to the size of hospital (university dental hospital, dental hospital, and dental clinic), the type of image receptor system (film-based, DR and CR type) and the installation duration, respectively. SPSS 12.0.1 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) was used for independent t-test and ANOVA test. Results : The average protocols were 77.0 kVp, 12.7 mA, 6.2 second for cephalometric radiography. The average patient dose (DAP) was $128.0mGy\;cm^2$ and 3rd quartile dose (DAP) $161.1mGy\;cm^2$ for cephalometric radiography for adult male. There was no statistically significant difference at average patient DAP according to the size of hospital, the type of image receptor system, and the installation duration, repectively. Conclusion : The average patient dose was $128.0mGy\;cm^2$ and the third quartile patient dose $161.1mGy\;cm^2$ for lateral cephalometric radiography for adult male in Korea.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2004

To develope a sauce using Gochujang which can give foreigners good overall acceptance such as good flavor, taste, color, viscosity and versatility to many foods, we studied on the rheological properties and color control, recipes with spices, herbs, syrup, salt and flavor ingredients and sensory evaluation by Chinese, American and Japanese including Korean. From the survey, the Americans suggested that the proper fellow food of Gochujang sauce be fried chicken, barbecue, hamburger and pina, and hoped to reflect red color, low viscosity, hot taste, low sweetness, salty and sourness and diet effect. The Chinese suggest pork and fried food as a fellow with Gochujang sauce and showed similar opinion in the sensory attributes like the Americans except sweetness. When 5% of starch and xanthan gum was added to sauce, respectively, the yield stress of Gochujang sauce showed 33.21 Pa similar to tomato ketchup. In fluidity measured by voistic flow meter, Gochujang sauce showed 6.2 cm/30sec more or less faster than tomato ketchup which showed 4.7 cm/30sec. Gochujang sauce tended to show strong red color and lightness as pH decreased. The pH adjustant and Paprica oleoresin(2%) improved a value to 12.11 and L value to 24.24 similar to tomato kechup(a:12.42, L:25.48). The 1st gochujang sauce product show 4.50 to 5.75 pots in the overall acceptance in the consumer test including foreigners and koreans. However, the 2nd Gochujang sauce product showed 5.90 points and 6.30 points in the pina and fried chicken, respectively, in the same consumer test. Therefore, we propose that Gochujang can be used for developing sauce products which is most acceptable for various foreigners.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1991년도 하계학술발표회 한국항해학회
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• pp.45-48
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• 1991

This work aims to introduce the concept of microcomputer aided port design simulation methodology including the analysis of the mathematical models to be implemented and apply it to the Third Stage Busan Part Development Project. In the Busan case study the size of the proposed turning basin of the new terminal together with the operational stra-tegies of berthing and unberthing was examined In addition the safety of ships' entry and exit through the projection new breakwaters was as-certained. From the application of simulation to the Busan project it was found that the proposed dredging area was not sufficiently wide enough for a modelled container ship to perform A type unberthing (in which the ship turns to port as she monoeuvres away from No.1 berth with the ass-istance of tuges) especially in a strong easterly wind., It is therefore recommended that Busan pilots should be advised to use B type unberthing strategy in which the ship goes astern from No.1 berth to the turning area in front of No.2 berth(where the ship turns 180 degrees clockwise) especially when the wind is very strong. It is also recommended that a sea buoy be placed outside the new breakwaters as this was found to im-prove the safety of ship manoeuvres through the breakwaters significant-ly. Another recommendation is that the Korean Hydrodynamic Office carry out a detailed survey of the currents in the water area near the new breakwaters. once they have been constructed. In addition it is to be recommended that a current meter be placed at the recommended sea buoy pardised by erroneous current information

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2021

This study was conducted for the purpose of efficient radioactive waste disposal and management. Experiment was evaluated the decontamination efficiencies of the four types decontamination materials(Water, Alcohol, Decontamination Water, Decontamination Gel) with radioactive wastes generated during radio-pharmaceutical production process at Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences(KIRAMS). The radioactive waste sample used in experiment is a lead plate of the fume hood that was disposed in April, 2019. In the experimental method, radioactive waste was measured before and after decontamination using a HPGe semiconductor detector and Gamma survey meter. The measured values before and after decontamination were evaluated for decontamination efficiency as a percentage. As a result, it was confirmed that a lot of specific activity and surface dose rate was removed from the radioactive wastes. In particular, when decontamination water was used, most of the radioactivity of radioactive wastes was removed. Considering these results, if decontamination water is used in decontamination of radioactive waste, decontamination efficiency equivalent to the disposition criteria can be expected with just one decontamination treatment. In addition, in the case of water and alcohol, only on decontamination was effective in approximately 75% and 95%. Otherwise, when decontamination gel was used, it was confirmed that the largest deviation occurred among all experimental results.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate airborne radon and thoron levels and estimate the effective doses of workers who made household goods and mattresses using monazite. Methods: Airborne radon and thoron concentrations were measured using continuous monitors (Rad7, Durridge Company Inc., USA). Radon and thoron concentrations in the air were converted to radon doses using the dose conversion factor recommended by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission in Korea. External exposure to gamma rays was measured at the chest height of a worker from the source using real-time radiation instruments, a survey meter (RadiagemTM 2000, Canberra Industries, Inc., USA), and an ion chamber (OD-01 Hx, STEP Co., Germany). Results: When using monazite, the average concentration range of radon was $13.1-97.8Bq/m^3$ and thoron was $210.1-841.4Bq/m^3$. When monazite was not used, the average concentration range of radon was $2.6-10.8Bq/m^3$ and the maximum was $1.7-66.2Bq/m^3$. Since monazite has a higher content of thorium than uranium, the effects of thoron should be considered. The effective doses of radon and thoron as calculated by the dose conversion factor based on ICRP 115 were 0.26 mSv/yr and 0.76 mSv/yr, respectively, at their maximum values. The external radiation dose rate was $6.7{\mu}Sv/hr$ at chest height and the effective dose was 4.3 mSv/yr at the maximum. Conclusions: Regardless of the use of monazite, the total annual effective doses due to internal and external exposure were 0.03-4.42 mSv/yr. Exposures to levels higher than this value are indicated if dose conversion factors based on the recently published ICRP 137 are applied.