• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 2019

Background: The utility of computed tomography (CT) in the differential diagnosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation remains uncertain. However, due to the low cost associated with CT scan along with the impact of Koreas' health insurance system, there has been a rise in the number of CT scans in the patients with initial diagnosis of COPD exacerbations. Therefore, the utility of CT in the differential diagnosis was investigated to determine whether performing CT scans affect the clinical outcomes of the patients with an initial diagnosis of COPD exacerbation. Methods: This study involved 202 COPD patients hospitalized with an initial diagnosis of COPD exacerbation. We evaluated the change in diagnosis or treatment after performing a CT scan, and compared the clinical outcomes of patient groups with vs. without performing CT (non-CT group vs. CT group). Results: After performing CT, the diagnosis was changed for two (3.0%) while additional diagnoses were made for 27 of the 64 patients (42.1%). However, the treatment changed for only one (1.5%), and six patients (9.3%) received supplementary medication. There were no difference in the median length of hospital stay (8 [6-13] days vs. 8 [6-12] days, p=0.786) and intensive care unit care (14 [10.1%] vs. 11 [16.7%], p=0.236) between the CT and non-CT groups, respectively. These findings remained consistent even after the propensity score matching. Conclusion: Utility of CT in patients with acute COPD exacerbation might not be helpful; therefore, we do not recommend chest CT scan as a routine initial diagnostic tool.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.153-160
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• 2019

In this study, The purpose of this study is to analyze how the rating scale and review contents attributes of social network-based services and products affect consumer purchasing patterns. information provided by screening the main factors. These analyzes are closely and quickly integrated between individuals and businesses, and enable to analyze the transaction that the impact of changing consumers on consumption and purchasing through the usefulness and a priori estimates of reviews and ratings at this time when networks and smart technologies are involved in a wide range of consumer activities. For this study, hierarchical analysis (AHP) and delphi (Delphi) methods applied to classify the high end variables into usefulness, technicality and value, Each subvariable was grouped into three factors and analyzed for importance through evaluation weights. As a result, we could analyze the importance of durability, usefulness, technological innovation, and cost and quality of value. Therefore, this study is expected to provide supplementary and additional useful information to consumers and companies participating in economic activities in various ways by simultaneously analyzing the review score and the reliability of posting information provided by verifying the main factors.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Virtual Training is an educational exercise in which the environment or the situation is virtually implemented for specific training and proceed like a real situation. In recent years, the virtual reality technology has developed rapidly, and the demand for experiencing situation that are not directly experienced in the real world is increasing more and more in virtual reality. Particularly, there is an increasing demand of contents for hands-on training and virtual training for equipment training that replaces high-risk and high-cost industry training. The virtual training contents have been developed and utilized for the purpose of technical training. However, it is known that virtual training is more effective when it is used as a supplementary training material or combined with e-learning contents rather than replacing one training course with virtual training contents because purpose and effect are different from general technical training course. In this study, we explored the development method for effective utilization of electrohydraulic servo control process, which is the virtual reality contents developed in 2017 in combination with e-learning contents. In addition, in order to establish a teaching and learning strategy, we actually develop and operate a case studies using virtual training contents. Surveys and case studies are conducted to investigate the effects of teaching and learning strategies applied in the classroom on students and their educational usefulness.

• ANNALS OF ANIMAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementary levels of dietary betaine and energy on nutrient digestibility and physiological responses in growing pigs exposed to heat stress. A total of 12 barrows ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$; initial BW, $67.1{\pm}0.98kg$) were allocated into individual metabolic crates. Experimental design was a $4{\times}4$ Latin square with dietary energy and betaine levels (3,300 and 3,400 kcal/kg; 0 and 0.5%, respectively) and the experimental period (n=4). Feeding trial was performed during summer season (July and August). Digestibility of crude fat was higher (p<0.01) in the ME 3,400 kcal/kg than the ME 3,300 kcal/kg, but did not differ by betaine (p>0.05). Blood corpuscles and biochemical components were not influenced by dietary energy and betaine levels (p>0.05). Serum IgG was greater (p<0.05) in the ME 3,400 kcal/kg than the ME 3,300 kcal/kg, but cortisol was not differ among the treatment groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, our results showed positive effects by energy levels rather than betaine. Thus, further study need investigation of effects of high energy level in the pigs exposed to heat stress.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.106-125
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• 2021

This paper presents several reasons for the necessity of archaeological hands-on training and strategies for its implementation. First, it is necessary to produce a specialized manual for local cultural heritage education that can enhance the specialization and educational effectiveness of archaeological experience education. In addition, in order to secure professionalism in hands-on education and conduct it systematically, the ability of instructors to conduct education is important, so instructor competence reinforcement education needs to be conducted regularly. In addition, hands-on education needs a strategy of planning and content development of archaeological education programs, with consideration given to the subjects of learning, and the establishment of a cooperative network. It is time to cooperate with various experts to establish an education system necessary for cultural heritage education in the region and develop customized content for local archaeological heritage supplementary textbooks. Finally, due to Covid-19, we agonized over effective education plans for online archaeological heritage education, which requires active interaction class design and a strategy to promote interaction between professors and learners. In addition, such archaeological heritage education should be compatible with the goal of providing customized lifelong education.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.778-785
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• 2021

The germination of cucumber seeds begins with the degradation of reserved oil to fatty acids within the lipid body, which are then further metabolized to acyl-CoA. The acyl-CoA moves from the lipid body to the glyoxysome following β-oxidation for the production of acetyl-CoA. As an initial carbon source supplier, acetyl-CoA is an essential molecule in the glyoxylate cycle within the glyoxysome, which produces the metabolic intermediates of citrate and malate, among others. The glyoxylate cycle is a necessary metabolic pathway for oil seed plant germination because it produces the metabolic intermediates for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and for gluconeogenesis, such as the oxaloacetate, which moves to the cytosol for the initiation of gluconeogenesis by phophoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Following reserved oil mobilization, the production and transport of various metabolic intermediates are involved in the coordinated operation and activation of multiple metabolic pathways to supply directly usable carbohydrate in the form of glucose. Furthermore, corresponding gene expression regulation compatibly transforms the microbody to glyoxysome, which contains the organelle-specific malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL) enzymes during oil seed germination. Together with glyoxylate cycle, carnitine, which mediates the supplementary route of the acetyl-CoA transport mechanism via the mitochondrial BOU (A BOUT DE SOUFFLE) system, possibly plays a secondary role in lipid metabolism for enhanced plant development.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 2021

Sperm cryopreservation is an important method of assisted reproductive techniques and storing genetic resources. It plays a vital role in genetic improvement, livestock industrial preservation of endangered species, and clinical practice. Consequently, the cryopreservation technique is well organized through various studies, especially on Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). However, the cryopreservation technique of Korean native brindled cattle, which is one of the native cattle species in Korea, is not well organized. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a Supplementary Table technique for the cryopreservation of Korean native brindled cattle. For this purpose, it is important to first evaluate the quality of the currently produced cryopreserved sperm of Korean native brindled cattle. In this study, we randomly selected 72 individual Korean native brindled cattle semen samples collected from 8 different region research centers and used them to evaluate sperm functions. We focused on the quality evaluation of cryopreserved Korean native brindled cattle semen following the measurement of motion kinematics, capacitation status, intracellular ATP level, sperm motility, and cell viability. Then, the values of each of the eight groups were derived from various sperm parameters of nine individual samples, including sperm motility, kinematics, cellular motility, and intracellular ATP levels, which were used to compare and evaluate sperm function. Overall, differences in various sperm parameters were observed between most of the research centers. Particularly, the deviations of motility and motion kinematics were high according to the sample. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to develop a standard method for the cryopreservation of Korean native brindled cattle semen. We also suggest the need for sperm quality evaluation of the cryopreserved semen of Korean native brindled cattle before using artificial insemination to attain a high fertility rate.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.297-304
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• 2021

The environmental impact assessment(EIA) project in Korea has undergone changes and revisions in various evaluation items for about 30 years after the introduction of the Environmental Conservation Act (1997). However, despite the importance of land use evaluation items under the current EIA Act, there are insufficient studies to consider. Therefore, this study focused on the land-use evaluation items based on the EIA guidelines, reviewed 90 of the evaluation documents and consultation documents, and tried to suggest implications and supplementary points forthe domestic EIA land-use evaluation items. As a result, the paradigm was changing from land efficiency centered on development in the past to land efficiency centered on the natural environment and resource conservation. However, in spite of the manual for fitting the paradigm change, opinions on the conservation of the natural environment are still being drawn in the consultation document, so it needs improvement. Two improvements in the impact assessment process suggested in this study are the establishment of standardized spatial data and a quantitative impact and reduction method evaluation tool based on it. In particular, there is a need for a plan evaluation tool for land use arrangement and distribution that can solve the needs of minimizing damage to the natural environment and securing green space and a green network.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.727-733
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• 2019

In this study, the glass melting properties are evaluated to examine the possibility of using refused coal ore as replacement for ceramic materials. To fabricate the glass, refused coal ore with calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate in it (which are added as supplementary materials) is put into an alumina crucible, melted at $1,200{\sim}1,500^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr, and then annealed at $600^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs. We fabricate a black colored glass. The properties of the glass are measured by XRD (X-ray diffractometry) and TG-DTA (thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis). Glass samples manufactured at more than $1,300^{\circ}C$ with more than 60 % of refused coal ore are found by XRD to be non-crystalline in nature. In the case of the glass sample with 40 % of refused coal ore, from the sample melted at $1,200^{\circ}C$, a sodium aluminum phosphate peak, a disodium calcium silicate peak, and an unknown peak are observed. On the other hand, in the sample melted at $1,300^{\circ}C$, only the sodium aluminum phosphate peak and unknown peak are observed. And, peak changes that affect crystallization of the glass according to melting temperature are found. Therefore, it is concluded that glass with refused coal ore has good melting conditions at more than $1,200^{\circ}C$ and so can be applied to the construction field for materials such as glass tile, foamed glass panels, etc.

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2021

In the shipbuilding and marine industry, as a technology for reducing the weight of parts to reduce energy and improve operational efficiency of ships is required, a method of applying fibers-reinforced composites which is high-strength lightweight materials, as part materials can be considered. In this study, the possibility of applying fibers-reinforced composites to the pipe support clamps was evaluated to reduce the weight of LNGC. The fibers-reinforced composites were manufactured using carbon fibers and glass fibers as reinforcing fibers. Through the computer simulation program, the properties of the reinforcing materials and the matrix materials of the composites were inversely calculated, and the performance prediction was performed according to the change in the properties of each fiber lamination pattern. In addition, the structural analysis of the clamps according to the thickness of the composites was performed through the finite element analysis program. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that attention is needed in selecting the thickness when applying the fibers-reinforced composites of the clamp for weight reduction. It is considered that it will be easy to change the shape of the structure and change the structure for weight reduction in future supplementary design.