• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.3 s.32
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• pp.565-581
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to investigate the degree of asymmetry in each part of the head in skeletal craniofacial asymmetric patients, and secondarily to determine the nature of difference existed between asymmetric patients and normal persons. The subjects consisted of 49 asymmetric adult patients and 52 normal adults, and the average ages were 21 years 5 months and 23 years 5 months, respectively. The computerized analyses of 33 linear measurements, 12 angular measurements, and 8 surface areas from posteroanterior cephalometric radiograph were carried out. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Asymmetry was a common finding in both normal and asymmetric group. 2. When the analyses were undertaken after the head was divided into 3 parts anteroposteriorly and superoinferiorly in the asymmetric patients, there were significant asymmetries in all parts excepts in the cranial base region. 3. When the analyses were undertaken after the head was divided into respective 3 parts anteroposteriorly in the asymmetric patients, the more posterior part showed relative stability than the more anterior part. 4. When the analyses were undertaken after the head was divided into 3 parts superoinferiorly in the asymmetric patients, the more superior part showed relative stability than the more inferior part. 5. Twelve variables indicating asymmetry were selected and the highest ranked variable was Me-Mid-sagittal reference line.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 2009

This paper presents a surface acoustic wave(SAW) micro-electro-mechanical-systems(MEMS) interdigital transducer (IDT) gyroscope with 80MHz central frequency on a $128^{\circ}\;YX\;LiNbO_3$, which is consisted of a two-port SAW resonator, metallic dots and dual delay lines for the sensor and reference oscillators. Reason for using two delay line oscillators is to extract the gyroscope effect by comparing the resonant frequencies between two oscillators and to compensate the temperature effect. Based on the coupling of modes(COM) simulation, an 80MHz two ports SAW resonator and dual delay line were fabricated and characterized by the network analyzer. Obtained sensitivity was $109Hz/deg{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in the angular rate range of $0{\sim}1000deg/s$. Good Linearity and superior directivity were observed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.448-456
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate suitable anterior reference point similar to esthetic reference plane of the patient while transferring the suitable facebow. So those who live in Pusan with the normal occlusal relationship were chosen as subjects. The esthetic reference planes determined by the participants themselves and the superior reference line (anterior reference point) in Hanau & Denar articulator were compared with F-H plane in the standard lateral cephalogram. The results were as follows. 1. The angle between the esthetic reference plane and F-H plane was $2.81{\pm}5.7^{\circ}$. 2. The reference line, 43mm from Beyron point to the edge of the upper incisor, was the reference plane that had the closest paralleled relationship with the esthetic reference plane. 3. Transferring with ear piece type face-bow, the anterior reference point that showed the esthetic reference plane was 17mm below orbitale or 43mm above, the edge of the upper incisor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.527-530
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• 2010

In this paper, measurement techniques of absorbing ability of a RAM for RCS reduction were studied. As for the measurement techniques of absorbing ability, the free space method and transmission line method were established. And we made real RAM sample, measured absorbing according to each, and compared the results. After comparison, electromagnetic wave absorbing ability was measured to be somewhat superior in free space method and overall uniform pattern was observed. Therefore, by applying measurement techniques by stage and by frequency we could develop RAM in a more efficient way.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.641-652
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• 2017

This paper proposes a cost-effective topology to drive a three-phase open-end load based on a five-leg indirect matrix converter (IMC) and a space vector modulation (SVM) method. By sharing an inverter leg with two load terminals, the proposed topology can reduce the number of power switches when compared to topologies based on a direct matrix converter or a six-leg IMC. The new SVM method uses only the active vectors that do not produce common-mode voltage (CMV), which results in zero CMV across the load phase and significantly reduces the peak value of the CMV at the load terminal. Furthermore, the proposed drive system can increase the voltage transfer ratio up to 1.5 and provide a superior performance in terms of an output line-to-line voltage with a three-level pulse-width modulation waveform. Simulation and experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology and the new SVM method.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine accurately the part of the tragus to be used to form the Ala-Tragal line or Camper's line in orthognathic profile patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 150 dentate subjects with age of 18-40 years with orthognathic profile were sampled. Life-size lateral digital photographs of the face with fox plane were taken in natural head position. Different angles between Eye-Ear plane and occlusal plane ($OT_1$-OP), Eye-Ear plane and ala-superior border of tragus ($OT_1-AT_1$), Eye-Ear plane and ala-middle border of tragus ($OT_1-AT_2$) and Eye-Ear plane and ala-inferior border of tragus ($OT_1-AT_3$) were calculated using computer software package, AutoCAD 2004. From the three angles formed by the Eye-ear plane ($OT_1$ or FH plane) and the ala-tragal lines, the one closest to the angle formed between Eye-Ear plane ($OT_1$) and occlusal plane (OP) was used to determine the occlusal plane of orientation. The obtained results were subjected to ANOVA F test, Tukey's Honestly significant difference test, followed by Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation test. P values of less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. RESULTS. The mean of base line angle i.e. $OT_1$-OP angle ($11.96{\pm}4.36$) was found to be close to $OT_1-AT_2$ angle ($13.67{\pm}1.93$) and $OT_1-AT_3$ angle ($10.31{\pm}2.03$), but $OT_1$-OP angle was found to be more closer to $OT_1-AT_3$ angle. Comparison of mean angles showed that $OT_1$-OP angle in both males (11.68) and females (12.51) is close to $OT_1-AT_3$ angle (males- 11.01, females- 11.95). CONCLUSION. The line joining from ala to the lower border of the tragus was parallel to the occlusal plane in 53.3% of the subjects. There was no influence of the sex on the level of occlusal plane.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2453-2457
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• 2016

Background: Dysregulation of HSP90 gene expression is known to take place in breast cancer. Here we used D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol-17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin (PLGA-PEG-17DMAG) complexes and free 17-DMAG to inhibit the expression of HSP90 gene in the T47D breast cancer cell line. The purpose was to determine whether nanoencapsulating 17DMAG improves the anti-cancer effects as compared to free 17DMAG. Materials and Methods: The T47D breast cancer cell line was grown in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS. Encapsulation of 17DMAG was conducted through a double emulsion method and properties of copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Assessment of drug cytotoxicity was by MTT assay. After treatment of T47D cells with a given amount of drug, RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. In order to assess HSP90 gene expression, real-time PCR was performed. Results: Taking into account drug load, IC50 was significant decreased in nanocapsulated 17DMAG in comparison with free 17DMAG. This finding was associated with decrease of HSP90 gene expression. Conclusions: PLGA-PEG-17DMAG complexes can be more effective than free 17DMAG in down-regulating of HSP90 expression, at the saesm time exerting more potent cytotoxic effects. Therefore, PLGA-PEG could be a superior carrier for this type of hydrophobic agent.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.990-998
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity and potential inhibitory effects from four types of edible domestic brown seaweeds, Undaria pinnatifida (UP), Laminaria japonica (LJ), Sargassum fulvellum (SF), and Hizikia fusiforme (HF), on preadipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cell line. Water and ethanol extracts from the four types of seaweeds were prepared and tested for cell viability in the 3T3-L1 cell line by using MTT assay. In addition, various doses of the water extract of seaweeds (WES) and ethanol extract of seaweeds (EES) were treated at the beginning of 3T3-L1 differentiation and continued until the cells were fully differentiated to adipocytes. Oil Red-O staining was performed to determine the potential cell differentiation inhibitory effects of the WES and EES by measuring the levels of lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. $PPAR{\gamma}$ mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced by WESs of UP, LJ, and HF as well as EESs of LJ and HF. As a result, we observed the superior cell differentiation inhibitory effects of WES compared to that of EES in a dose-dependent manner without any significant cytotoxicity in mouse adipocytes.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.241-247
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• 2005

Heat transfer enhancement and pressure loss penalty caused by three-row winglets built in three-row tube-bundles in an in-line arrangement, are compared between 'common flow up' and 'common flow down' winglet configurations. The 'common flow down' winglet-pairs recommended by the previous researchers bring about $10\%$ to $25\%$ increase in heat transfer enhancement and $20\%$ to $35\%$ increase in pressure loss penalty, in comparison with fin-tube bundles without winglets. For the 'common flow up' winglet-pairs, the spanwise distance between the trailing edges (${\Delta}y$) of winglet pairs was changed and investigated. Two types ot winglet are applied for triangular and rectangular shapes. In the triangular winglets with ${\Delta}y$=5 mm in in-line tube bundles, the heat transfer increased up to $10\%$, and simultaneously the pressure loss decreased by $8\%$ to $15\%$ for the Reynolds number (based on two times channel height) ranging from 300 to 2700, when the 'common flow up' winglets were built in. The performance of fin-tube bundles with triangular winglets is much superior to the rectangular one, because of the smaller pressure-loss penalty.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.75-88
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• 2001

Signal optimization model for alternative use of lanes at a signalized intersection with an stop-line added backward was presented in this paper. The simulation results shot-ed that the traffic fed from the stop-line passed the intersection in each specified phasing interval for left and through traffic. The experimental results indicated that the proposed model was much superior to traditional signal optimization methodology in reducing delay, fuel consumption, and disutility index for delay and stops. The effects for reducing delay were greater than those for doing fuel consumption and disutility index due to the added stop-line. The proposed model is expected to alleviate traffic congestion at intersections, both which have no left turn pocket, and which have large left turn volume. The model is recommended to adapted for intersections spaced long among them with no near driveway.