• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.213-219
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to propose a model for evaluating comfort of indoor environment based on residents' subjective respones. The questionnaire survey was given to the residents at apartment complex located in Ilsan, Kyunggi-Do. The following are the results obtained in this thesis. The results of path analysis on comfort revealed that direct effects to comfort were the satisfaction on thermal environment, indoor air environment and sound environment, and the cognition on indoor air environment and sound environment. An evaluation formula of comfort by the factors of direct effects was given. This formula is recommended to evaluate comfort for pp.O.E(post occupancy evaluation)by residents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.417-428
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences of the indoor environment and student's fatigue response according to ventilation in university lecture hall. The experiments consisted of measuring the indoor environmental parameters and a survey of student's responses. The experiments were in the lecture hall that the actual lecture was conducted in on the $25^{th}$ of May 2009 (not opening windows and door- A) and the $1^{st}$ of June 2009 (opening windows and door- B). The experimental variable was ventilation by opening the windows and door, and the controlled conditions were indoor temperature by air conditioner, volume of the microphone and VTR, lighting conditions and teaching method. The results are as follows: 1) The indoor temperature was maintained in controlling A, B but the $CO_2$ and relative humidity of A (average 3579ppm, 62.6%) was higher than B (average 1697ppm, 48.1%). 2) There were differences in the student's subjective responses and student's fatigue responses between A and B. 3) Therefore, it was found that ventilation by opening the windows and door was a valid way to improve the relative humidity and to reduce $CO_2$ in the lecture hall.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2008

Previous studies, while investigating factors of sensibility, had rarely considered its internal structure. This study hypothesized that sensibility had sensational aspects and emotional aspects and the former corresponded to objective adjectives, describing attributes of objects, and the latter to subjective adjectives, describing psychology of experiencers. Forty-three objective adjectives and 21 subjective adjectives describing color sensibility were selected both by a linguistic criterion and an empirical evaluation. Factor analysis on semantic differential responses to these two groups of adjectives resulted in 5 sensational factors and 3 emotional factors of color sensibility respectively. Hierarchical structure was derived by regressing emotional factor scores on sensational factor scores. In consequence, emotional aspects were interpreted by different combinations of sensational factors. Limitations and significance of this study were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2014

Objectives: The goal of this study was to estimate the overall satisfaction level of dental implant patients and further evaluate factors influencing satisfaction. Materials and Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were mailed to patients who received dental implant therapy at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (Seongnam, Korea) from October 2003 to April 2005. The main portion of the questionnaire was shared to evaluate the level of satisfaction with implant therapy. The questionnaires contained evaluations of influencing factors, which were classified as pain-related, service-related, and complication-related. Results: The responses from 93 patients (41 males, 52 females) with a total of 325 implants were included in the analysis, and the mean score for overall satisfaction level with implant therapy was 8.26. Female patients showed higher visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for both pain during (P=0.000) and after implant surgery (P=0.016). Male patients showed more 'negative' values for the reasonability of treatment cost (P=0.008) and the adequacy of the treatment period (P=0.022). Conclusion: The subjective satisfaction of patients was influenced by various factors, especially complication-related factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.727-736
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• 2002

This research aims to compare fashion marketing education in Korea and in U.S.A.. Based upon on-line and off-line survey to university professors in both countries, this study analyzes their responses including subjective opinions concerning educational conditions, methods and performance. The responses are analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-Square Test in a statistical software package, SPSS. As a result, it shows that the education in Korea is substantially different from that in U.S.A.. In educational condition, in particular, more significant difference between two countries exists in terms of professors than in terms of educational environment. Also educational performance differs between them more in enhancing practical ability of students than in promoting motivation of students.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.993-999
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• 2013

This study aimed to measure the amount of sweating on 12 parts of the upper body using absorption fabric and analyze subjective sensations. The study was conducted with 9 male subjects in climate chamber controled at $30{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, and $55{\pm}5%$ RH. The result was that sweating amount of the upper back part was significantly more than upper front part. We assumed that forced convection flow cased by exercise decreased the sweating rate in the front. The skin temperature of upper front body rapidly decreased as soon as exercise starts and gradually increased with cessation of exercise. On the other hand, the skin temperature of palm increased with exercise and showed continuous increasing even exercise stopping all the experimental period. This is caused by thermoregulatory responses through vasodilatation on the peripheral area. Subjective sensations, such as thermal sensation, wet sensation, and thermal comfort showed the highest score at the time of exercise stop. This means the subjects felt more hot, wet, and uncomfortable after exercise stopped. Bur after wiping of sweat, subjective sensation scores were recovered rapidly. The present study has provided more detailed information on the upper body sweat distribution than previously available, which can be used in clothing design, thermo-physiological modeling, and thermal manikin design. We also think that results of the present study will play an important role in making the sweat distribution map.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.176-188
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• 1999

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol on neurocognitive function, psychomotor performance and subjective response in healthy Korean adults with different ALDH2 genotypes. Method : A total of 24 males, half with active $ALDH2^*1/2^*1$ and the other with inactive $ALDH2^*1/2^*2$, was selected through genotyping using restriction fragment length polymorphism. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design, each subject consumed 0.5g/kg dose of alcohol, given as a mixture of 40% vodka and orange juice, and placebo(orange juice) on two separate occasions on an average of weekly intervals. The blood alcohol concentrations(BACs) were measured using a breath analyzer at baseline and at 30, 60 minutes after drinking. P300s were measured at baseline and at 30 minutes after alcohol and placebo intake. Vital signs and psychomotor performance[Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold(CFFT), Choice Reaction Time (CRT), Digit Symbol Substitution(DSS)] were measured at baseline and at 60 minutes after alcohol and placebo intake. Subjective responses were measured at the end of the study. The statistical analysis focused on whether there were any differences between groups with different ALDH2 genotypes. Results : The major results are as follows. 1) BACs in the inactive group were overall equivalent to those in the active group. Only in terms of time, BACs were significantly higher overall at 30 minutes than at 60 minutes after alcohol intake. 2) Pulse rates were significantly increased after alcohol intake compared with placebo, and the increase was greater in the inactive than in the active group. 3) P300 latencies in leads Fz(frontal), Cz(cental) and Pz(parietal) were significantly increased after alcohol intake compared to placebo, and the increase was greater in the inactive than in the active group. P300 amplitudes in leads Cz and Pz were significantly decreased overall after alcohol intake compared to placebo. 4) Compared with placebo, alcohol produced significant effect on the psychomotor performance : impairment in the inactive group, improvement in the active group. 5) Compared with placebo, alcohol significantly induced a negative or an intense effect on the subjective responses in the inactive group, but little negative and even a somewhat positive effect in the active group. Conclusions : These results suggest that ALDH isozyme variance might be an important factor to determine the effects of acute dose of alcohol on the various psychobehavioural functions and also to determine the alcohol use pattern and to predict the future development of alcohol overuse and/or abuse.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.143-147
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• 1998

Autonomic and EEG responses of 38 college students were studied during 60-sec long presentation of International Affective Picture System (IAPS )slides evoking, according to subjective reports, negative (disgust, sadness, surprise) and positive (happiness, exciting) emotional. states. Observed were significant heart rate (HR) deceleration, large skin conductance responses (SCR), moderate respiration frequency slowing, reduction of frontal (F 3, F 4 ) and occipital (O 1, O 2 ) fast alpha, and increases of theta, delta and beta relative spectral power values during the first 30 sec of exposure of IAPS pictures. Analysis carried out to differentiate emotion categories according to autonomic responses indicated that observed HR deceleration was larger in magnitude in surprise and sadness than in disgust, SCR amplitude higher in sadness than in disgust. EEC showed significant differences in theta (F 3, F 4 ) and delta (O 1) power increase in disgust vs. happiness, fast alpha (F 3, F 4 ) power was lower in surprise than in happiness, and slow beta power higher. in happiness than in disgust (0 1). Despite some differences. observed within discrete emotion conditions, overall responses pattern of monitored parameters exhibited similar profiles with few variations, most. obvious. in disgust state, which suggests that affective visual stimulation elicits stereotypical responses in a given passive viewing paradigm. However, the magnitude of physiological responses may vary to certain extent across discrete emotional states making it possible to differentiate among particular experimentally-induced emotional states, e.g., disgust vs. sadness by ANS responses or disgust vs. happiness by EEG measures.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2000

Psychoacoustic characteristics of automobile horns play significant role in resulting subjective evaluation and psychphysiological reactions. However, comparison and differentiation of physiological responses to commercially available horns is a complicated task due to the small contrast in technical features of horns and the influence of such processes as habituation on physiological outcome with the increased number of auditory stimulation trials. In a study on 10 college students, there was performed comparative analysis of reactivity of physiological responses mediated by central and autonomic nervous systems in order to identify the role of habituation on decrement of psychophysiological responsivity and assess the ability to differentiate subjectively most and least preferred, as well as most and least appropriate horns according to physiological manifestations. The EEG and autonomic responses to 7 automobile horns were analyzed during 3 blocks of trials, with varying order of stimuli and changed acoustic parameters of horns in each block. Thus, responses were analyzed for totally 21 trials of auditory stimulation. It was shown that electrodermal and cardiovascular responses have different reactivity patterns to repeated stimulation: skin conductance measures habituated, cardiac reactivity showed no signs of habituation, and the vascular response demonstrated sensitization. The temporal EEG exhibited marked habituation of fast beta band power, while alpha-blocking effect did not habituate during the course of experiment. Differentiation of physiological responses of most and least preferred and appropriate horns was possible in our study, however, some cardiovascular reactivity measures differentiated during the entire course of the experiment, while EEG and electrodermal parameters showed significant differences only during first block of trials, and were later affected by the habituation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate ChatGPT's performance accuracy in responding to questions from the national dental hygienist examination. Moreover, through an analysis of ChatGPT's incorrect responses, this research intended to pinpoint the predominant types of errors. Methods: To evaluate ChatGPT-3.5's performance according to the type of national examination questions, the researchers classified 200 questions of the 49th National Dental Hygienist Examination into recall, interpretation, and solving type questions. The researchers strategically modified the questions to counteract potential misunderstandings from implied meanings or technical terminology in Korea. To assess ChatGPT-3.5's problem-solving capabilities in applying previously acquired knowledge, the questions were first converted to subjective type. If ChatGPT-3.5 generated an incorrect response, an original multiple-choice framework was provided again. Two hundred questions were input into ChatGPT-3.5 and the generated responses were analyzed. After using ChatGPT, the accuracy of each response was evaluated by researchers according to the types of questions, and the types of incorrect responses were categorized (logical, information, and statistical errors). Finally, hallucination was evaluated when ChatGPT provided misleading information by answering something that was not true as if it were true. Results: ChatGPT's responses to the national examination were 45.5% accurate. Accuracy by question type was 60.3% for recall and 13.0% for problem-solving type questions. The accuracy rate for the subjective solving questions was 13.0%, while the accuracy for the objective questions increased to 43.5%. The most common types of incorrect responses were logical errors 65.1% of all. Of the total 102 incorrectly answered questions, 100 were categorized as hallucinations. Conclusion: ChatGPT-3.5 was found to be limited in its ability to provide evidence-based correct responses to the Korean national dental hygiene examination. Therefore, dental hygienists in the education or clinical fields should be careful to use artificial intelligence-generated materials with a critical view.