• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.325-335
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• 2016

Software (SW) education is guided by the government to operate not only computer subject matter but also related subject matter. SW education is highlighted in the 2015 Revised Curriculum and Guide for Operating SW Education. SW education is related with science education. For example, education on algorithms employing SW and activities using sensors/output control can be an effective strategy for scientific inquiry. The method can also be applied in developing Computational Thinking (CT) in students. In this study, we designed lessons to solve everyday scientific problems using Educational Programming Language (EPL) SW and physical computing materials and applied them to high school students. We conducted surveys that were modified from questionnaires of Internet application capability and based on the standard of accomplishment of SW education as well as elements of CT to find out the change in perceptions on programming and CT of students. We also conducted a survey on students' attitude toward science learning after an SW inquiry activity. In the results, perceptions on programming and CT of students were improved through lessons using unplugged activity, EPL SW, and physical computing. In addition, scores for interest, self-directed learning ability, and task commitment were high.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.52-112
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand trends of "Gi-Gong" related studies from 1950 to 2016 and to help guide the research direction of Gigong study. Methods : The computerized Korean database was searched from 1950 to 2016. The search terms used were only Korean language terms such as '기, '기공', '도인', '명상', '생체에너지', '수련', '양생'. Results : 1. A total of 310,184 (155,565(1950~2007) + 13,705(2016) + 140,914(2008~2016)) studies were searched in this study. A total of 6,240 studies were finally selected as Gigong related studies. 2. In the results according to the Main Subject Categories(KCI;Korea Citation Index), the 'Humanities' was the largest with 2,686 studies and the 'Marine Agriculture, Fishery' was the least with 10 studies. 3. In the results according to the Middle Subject Categories(KCI;Korea Citation Index), the 'Philosophy' was the largest with 1,014(16.26%) studies. 4. A result of the Gigong Categories showed that the 'Philosophy of Gi' was the highest with 2,151(33.82%) not including duplication. 5. As a result of Research Method, the most frequently used method was 'Analysis Research' with 4,199(67.33%) studies. 6. In the author search, 'Kim Nak Pil' was searched 112 times and was the most.. 7. The journal that published the most relevant studies with Gigong was 『Conference Proceedings OF The Korean Society OF Jungshin Science』 (189), and the university that had the largest number of studies related to Gigong was 'Wonkwang University'(212). Conclusions : 1. The number of Gigong related studies had increased rapidly from the late 1990s to the early 2000s, and reached to a peak in 2007 and has been gradually increasing since 2008. 2. The three major academic fields of Gigong related studies are Thought Field, Korean Medicine Field, and Kinesic Field. 3. In the Gigong related studies, the best authority is 'Kim Nak-pil' and the most active academy is the 'Korean Society OF Jungshin Science'. 4. Although most categories of Gigong have been generally studied evenly, studies on External Gi Therapy and Taoist Sexual Practices are very insufficient.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-40
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to development a model of the practical skill instruction of the special subject using the problem-based learning in the technical high schools For the study, various literature researches were reviewed intensively about problem solving process, problem -based learning, and learning principals. The process of the practical skill instruction using the problem-based learning was composed with planning, executing, testing and evaluating. In this practical skill instruction using the problem-based learning, the teacher serves as a coach or guide for students' learning. As a facilitator, the teacher challenges, questions, and stimulates the students in their thinking, problem solving and self-directed study. In this process, students represent problem by thinking aloud, assuming responsibility for their own learning, having self-directed study as well as doing cooperative study, and as a result, education changes move from teacher-centered to student-centered.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-58
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• 2016

Objects : The purpose of this study is to understand trends of "Qigong"-related study since 2008 and to help guide the research direction of Qigong study. Methods : The computerized Korean database was searched from January 2008 until September 2016. The search terms used were 'Qi', 'Qigong', 'Doin', 'Meditation', 'bioenergy', 'training', 'life nurturing' and random or Korean language terms. Results : 1. A total of 140,914 studies were searched in this study. A total of 2,147 studies were finally selected as Qigong-related studies. 2. The average number of Qigong-related studies published in Korea since 2008 is 252.6 per year and there was no significant difference in the number of studies published by year 3. Results according to the subject categories, 805 cases were in the humanities and 2 cases were in the agriculture & maritime field. 4. Results according to the middle subject categories, philosophy was the largest with 280 studies. 5. As a result of Qigong categories showed that meditation was the highest with 1,043 (48.58%) not including duplication. 6. As a result of research method, the most frequent method was Analysis research with 1,138(53.00%) cases and the experimental research was the least with 118(5.50%) cases. 7. When the authors were investigated, the result was the most in 35 cases by Kim Byung-chae. 8. The journal that published the most Qigong-related studies was "J. of The Studies of Taoism and Culture" (52), and Dongguk University (75) had the largest number of Qigong-related studies. Conclusions : 1. Since 2008, there is no significant difference between the yearly and yearly the number of Qigong-related studies. 2. Since 2008, Qigong-related studies have been the most successful in the field of humanities, but it has been regularly published in various other field. 3. Since 2008, Qigong-related studies has shown a remarkable decline in category on External Qigong Therapy(外氣發功) and Science of Qi(氣科學). However, category on Nae-Dan(內丹), meditation, Do-In (導引) has continued steadily every year. And did not show a tendency to increase or decrease.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the PCK components in the materials units of the third and fourth grades of the Korean government-authorized teacher's guides for elementary school, developed in the 2015 revised national curriculum. The results showed that the PCK components were presented in a relatively balanced manner compared to the teacher's guides for middle school. Knowledge of the subject matter accounted for the highest proportion, and knowledge of instructional strategies in science accounted for a higher proportion than knowledge of the science curriculum. The knowledge of assessment in science showed the greatest deviation among publishers, and knowledge of students tended to show the lowest. By subcomponents, experiments and inquiries had a higher proportion than concepts and theories. The ratio of horizontal articulation was lower than that of vertical articulation or lesson objectives, and lesson objectives were presented in various ways, such as in core competencies and achievement standards for science. As questioning was emphasized, teaching strategies and questioning appeared at a similar rate. Motivation and interest, misconceptions were linked to teaching strategies and questioning. In some cases, assessment items and assessment criteria were presented at each level, and various PCK components were linked to these two components. Components with relatively large differences among publishers were supplementary or in-depth concepts, inquiry in textbooks, instruction sequence and method, subject-specific strategies, and assessment items. From the results, the implications for the development of teacher's guides were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.170-179
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• 2016

In this paper we have tackled the outstanding inventory planning problems over new product launching period in a more holistic manner by addressing first the definition of efficient business rules to effectively control and reduce the inventory risks followed by the rigorous explanations on the implementation guide on suggested inventory planning rules. It is not unusual for many companies in the consumer electronics market to make a great effort to reduce the time to launch a new product because the ability to bring out higher performing products in such a short time period greatly increases the probability for them to remain competitive in the high tech market. Among so many newly developed products, those products with new features and technologies appeal to many potential customers while products which fail to win customers by design and prices rapidly disappear in the market. To adapt to this business environment, those companies have been trying to find the answer to minimize the inventory of old products so they can move to next generation products quickly with less obsolete material. In the experimental implementation of our rule-based inventory planning, Company 'S' reduced the inventory cost for the outgoing products as low as 49% of its peak level of its preceding product version in just 5 month after the adoption of rule-based inventory planning process and system. This paper concluded the subject with a suggestion that the best performance of rule-based inventory planning is guaranteed not from one-time campaign of process improvement along with system development but the decision maker's continuing support and attention even without seeing any upcoming business crisis.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.2
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• pp.32-55
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• 1996

It was enacted 'Emergency Medical Act' in January, 1994 beginning the emergency medical service system from 1982, and while it was established the emergency medical department in junior college providing the detailed agenda about emergency medical technician and the regulation relative to the application of a law on the emergency medical act in 1995, the fire school and the National Medical Center are enforced the curriculum. It is very important subject faced for the construction of emergency medical system to produce a number of emergency medical technicians to be sufficient to the role of emergency aid. In this study it is analysed the training curriculum for the emergency medical technician and presented the improvement plans. 1. Though it needs the qualification level of first and second class in the selection process, the more important thing needs the detailed qualification level by term of one's service and the skills of business accomplishment. 2. In the examination management, (1) written examination is composed of the questions to understand how much faithfully they carry out the practical business as the emergency medical technicians, (2) it is added practical examination as the item to appraise the situation disposal ability. 3. It is necessary to prescribe the activity in the medical institution and ambulance arrangement through the development of 'Business Treatment Guide'. 4. For the regional balanced disposition of emergency medical personnel it is selected balanceably the educational institution by eight medical service areas, and considering the characteristics of region it is necessary to manage, in the practical business training course, another special course such as the mountains medical aid and sea medical aid. 5. In the period of education the first class needs the practical business training period of a certain period after passing examination, and the second class needs the extension of the period. 6. As the problems to improve in the curriculum [1] in the first class course (1) intensification of practical educaiton (2) reinforcement of curriculum (3) the development of standardized curriculum etc., [2] in the second class course (1) varieties of curriculum (2) intensification of basic first aid treatment education.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.193-206
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• 1997

Because the oral mucositis is often inevitable in acute leukemia patients during chemotherapy, the efforts must be made to keep these leukemia patients from oral mucositis. So we tried to develop two oral care protocols for reducing the level of oral mucositis during cytotoxic therapy through literature review and our clinical experience. This quasi-experimental study was performed to compare the prohpylatic value of these oral care protocols. Thirty-nine subjects were assigned to one of three groups. The first group performed bivon-normal saline gargling protocol, the second group performed chlorhexidine gargling protocol, and the last contrast group kept traditonal gargling protocol. The Oral Assessment Guide(OAG), the Beck's perception of oral comfort were used to assess oral status and subject's oral discomfort during chemotherapy. Each subjects were observed daily from the start of the chemotherapy until Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) reached $1,000/mm^3$. It continued about 2-4 weeks. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA and Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA, chi-sqare, survival analysis. The results were as follows : The contrast group showed significantly highest mean score of the OAG and Beck's perception of oral discomfort among three groups from second week to third week. However chie-test and survial analysis showed that the incidence of severe mucositis were not significantly different among three groups. Conclusively we recommend that nurses who care acute leukmia patients use bivon-normal saline gargling protocol be careful to occur severe mucositis during chemotherapy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.116-127
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of Q-sorting and to develope a typology of coping to stress in school-age children through the use of Q-methodology. For the study, Q-statements are selected from the literature and interviews of 30 Children, A total number 153 statement were collected and 31 Q-samples were finally selected. AP-sample of 76 was selected the elementary school children. Each of respondents were given 31 coping strategies questionnaire and set of 31 statements with cartoon on each of cards and sorted them according to the 9-point scale. The result of the C-sorting by each subject were coded and analyzed using the QUANAL PC and SPSS PC＋ program. As a result of the analysis, There were significant relationship between score each item of question naire and score of sorted statement. Therefore, school-age children was able to Q-sorting(forced normal distribution). Also, the four types of coping were named as follows : Type I (n=35) : To search for the dynamic behaviors Type II (n=12) : To search for the intellectual behaviors Type III (n=22) : To search for emotional-spiritual behaviors Type IV (n=7) : To search for the self-abuse behaviors Throught the study, the implication for teachers, parents and school nurses is that there is needed to guide and to support adaptive coping behaviors. Also, it is recommended that the application of Q-methodology for study of children's subjective concepts like stress and coping.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the impact on low-achievers in mathematics who studied mathematics using Blended e-learning and Personalized system of instruction after school. Blended e-learning is defined as the management of e-learning using the e-study run by the education office in local. Personalized system of instruction was proceeded as follows; (1) all students are given a syllabicated learning task and a study guide, (2) students study the material autonomously according to their own pace for a certain period of time, (3) the teacher strengthens the students' motivation through grading and feedback after students study a subject and solve the evaluation problem. The learning materials for Personalized system of instruction are re-edited the offline education contents provided by the blended e-learning to the level of students. The 118 $7^{th}$ grade students from the D middle school participated in this study. The results were verified by achievement tests before and after the study, as well as survey regarding their attitude toward mathematics. The results are as follows. First, Blended e-learning has more positive impacts than Personalized system of instruction in mathematics achievement. Second, there was no difference in mathematics achievement according to their self-directed learning between Blended e-learning and Personalized system of instruction. Third, both types utilizing Blended e-learning and Personalized system of instruction have positive effect on attitude toward mathematics, and there is not their difference between two methods of teaching and learning mathematics.