• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2012

Indoor fire simulators have been used to analyse building safety in the events of emergency evacuation. These applications are primarily focused on simulating evacuation behaviors for the purpose of checking building structural problems in normal time rather than in real time situations. Therefore, they have limitations in handling real-time evacuation events with the following reasons. First, the existing models mostly experiment the artificial situations using randomly generated evacuees while real world requires actual data. Second, they take too long time in operation to generate real time data. Third, they do not produce optimal results to be used in rescueing or evacuation guidance. In order to solve these limitations, we suggest a method to build an evacuation simulation system that can be used in real-world emergency situations. The system performs numerous simulations in advance according to varying distributions of occupants. Then the resulting data are stored in DBMS. The actual person data captured in infrared sensor network are compared with the simulation data in DBMS and the querried data most closely is provided to the user. The developed system is tested using a campus building and the suggested processes are illustrated.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.84-94
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• 2020

Modular architecture is very important not only in the design phase but also in the construction planning phase because it affects construction methods and module sizes depending on transport equipment. There are economic risks as well as quality, as there may be defects such as internal interiors or elimination of deadlines during transportation, and structural torsion caused by rainfall and shock. However, there is a lack of objective criteria or data to refer to in determining transport equipment that has a material effect on transport. Accordingly, there is no decision model to determine the optimum transportation equipment for each construction site. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a decision support model that can be compared to the review of transport equipment selection factors. The purpose of this study is to propose the transport equipment impact factors and decision support models for systematic review and objective decision making of each construction plan in the construction of small and medium-sized modulators. The decision model proposed in this study can be used as basic data for transport studies, ensuring objectivity and transparency in the equipment selection process.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1113-1124
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• 2018

Geological dynamic hazards during deep coal mining are caused by the failure of a composite system consisting of the rock and coal layers, whereas the joint in coal affects the stability of the composite system. In this paper, the compression test simulations for the rock-coal combined body with single joint in coal were conducted using $PFC^{2D}$ software and especially the effects of joint length and joint angle on strength and failure characteristics in a rock-coal combined body were analyzed. The joint length and joint angle exhibit a deterioration effect on the strength and affect the failure modes. The deterioration effect of joint length of L on the strength can be neglected with a tiny variation at ${\alpha}$ of $0^{\circ}$ or $90^{\circ}$ between the loading direction and joint direction. While, the deterioration effect of L on strength are relatively large at ${\alpha}$ between $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. And the peak stress and peak strain decrease with the increase of L. Additionally, the deterioration effect of ${\alpha}$ on the strength becomes larger with the increase of L. With the increase of ${\alpha}$, the peak stress and peak strain first decrease and then increase, presenting "V-shaped" curves. And the peak stress and peak strain at ${\alpha}$ of $45^{\circ}$ are the smallest. Moreover, the failure mainly occurs within the coal and no apparent failure is observed for rock. At ${\alpha}$ between $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$, the secondary shear cracks generated in or close to the joint tips, cause the structural instability failure of the combined body. Therefore, their failure models present as a shear failure along partial joint plane direction and partially cutting across the coal body or a shear failure along the joint plane direction. However, at ${\alpha}$ of $60^{\circ}$ and L of 10 mm, the "V-shaped" shear cracks cutting across the coal body cause its final failure. While crack nucleations at ${\alpha}$ of $0^{\circ}$ or $90^{\circ}$ are randomly distributed in the coal, the failure mode shows a V-shaped shear failure cutting across the coal body.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 2018

Since Korean housewives are responsible for the dietary practices of family at home, it is important to know what information will make them to buy safe food. This study was designed to determine the role of perceived threats, behavioral assessments, and self-efficacy factors known to promote healthy behavior in health belief models (HBM) based on food safety awareness and behavior of housewives. This study involved 191 housewives, based on key variables such as perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and purchase behavior. The results showed that higher levels of education and urbanization increased the threat perception and the likelihood of buying safe food. The correlation analysis showed that increased awareness and knowledge of safe foods and interest in health contributed to higher relative benefit or self-efficiency of food, and thus, ensured food safety. The conceptual model of food safety behavior based on the HBM was verified via structural equation analysis. The findings suggest that a suitable model showcasing knowledge levels and relative benefits resulted in a greater impact on purchasing behavior than perceived threats. This study suggests that it is more effective for housewives to provide more preventive information than risk information to purchase safe food.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.93-105
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• 2019

Purpose - First, empirical research will reveal how personal creativity affects the knowledge sharing and innovation behaviors of organizational members. Second, self-management competency will be verified to explain the causal relationship between independent and dependent variables as a mediating variable and to reduce the time interval. Research design, data, and methodology - There are two major research models. First, personal creativity (professionalism, emotional intelligence, internal motivation) has a positive impact on knowledge sharing (creation of knowledge, organization of knowledge, use of knowledge) and innovation behavior (deriving ideas, implementing ideas, promoting ideas). Second, self-management competency (intellectual capacity, emotional capacity, personality capacity) plays a mediating role. In addition to descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, Cronbach's α was calculated for 259 workers in the retail industry. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the AMOS 24.0 program, and the influence on the measurement model was analyzed to verify the structural equation model. Results - First, personal creativity had a positive effect on knowledge sharing and innovation behavior. In other words, it was confirmed that the decision-making process accompanied by individual creativity can create an atmosphere of knowledge sharing and continue to innovate. Second, personal creativity had a positive effect on self-management competency, and self-management competency had a positive effect on knowledge sharing and innovation behavior. Third, self-management competency was found to partially mediate the influence of personal creativity on knowledge sharing and innovation behavior. Conclusions - First, it is important for managers to recognize the value of creative talents who can be a fundamental source of organizational success and competitive advantage, and to attract talented people. Second, managers should be able to develop decision-making processes to develop potential creativity and encourage creative ideas, opinions, or solutions when organizing the work environment of their members. Third, managers should promote the sharing and integration of new knowledge that underlies the creative views and attitudes of teams and organizational members. Unlike previous studies, which emphasize the role of the work environment in which creative behaviors are promoted, this study shows that creativity of individual members, itself, is an important determinant of knowledge sharing and innovation behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.157-163
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• 2020

This paper is a product design convergence study to improve the aesthetic quality of CIGS solar cells for utilizing urban living structures, identifying problems of existing solar cell panels and drawing expert aesthetic elements for improving CIGS solar cells through survey and [Group discussion of experts] based on aesthetic elements of product design. Out of the aesthetic elements derived, the top three models of the product design process were 'environmental harmonization', 'pattern balance', and 'period universality' to derive the design and assembly design of the CIGS solar cell module for improving aesthetic quality, and applied to apartments, veranda, windows, and streetcar through product simulation. This study is suitable for applying aesthetic and CIGS solar cell function later to actual urban living structure, and future research direction needs to be studied on various patterns and structural design development of design.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.233-245
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate the relationship between positive psychological capital and entrepreneurial intention among middle-aged and elderly individuals who are interested in starting their own business by focusing on the mediating effect of risk sensitivity and the moderating effect of asset status. To accomplish the study's objective, a questionnaire was administered to approximately 250 middle-aged and elderly people working in Seoul from December 1 to December 31, 2019. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Specifically, frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted, and reliability of the constructs was assessed. Factor analysis was used to measure the goodness of fit of the model developed. Finally, a structural equation model was established, and analysis was conducted on the test of the hypotheses about the mediating, moderating, and adjusting effects using the AMOS statistical package. The results revealed that positive psychological capital had a positive impact on risk sensitivity, and the path analysis of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention as well as resilience and entrepreneurial intention showed results of 0.042 and 0.026, respectively, supporting mediating effects. In the causal relationship between positive psychological capital and entrepreneurial intention, asset status acted as a moderator given that the chi square difference between the models was 7.096. Thus, the findings provide implications for comprehensive training programs to boost positive psychological capital and asset status in middle-aged and elderly individuals who are preparing to establish their own business. Further studies are needed to cover broader geographic areas and compare/analyze other variables associated with business startups.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.313-324
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• 2010

There are many problems in application of FRP reinforcing bars as shear reinforcement, since bending of FRP bars is not a feasible process on construction site. Even though FRP bars can be manufactured in bent shape, they have lower strength at bent location. However, there are no serious problems to use FRP bars as flexural reinforcement. Plates or slabs like bridge decks, in general, do not need shear reinforcements. These types of members with FRP flexural reinforcement have lower shear strength than those with conventional steel flexural reinforcement. However, reliable process or equation for shear strength estimation of FRP reinforced concrete without shear reinforcement are not established, yet. In this study, predicted shear strength obtained from available design equations and assessment equations are compared with 211 experimental results. The results showed that among the current design codes, the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) and the Institution of Structural Engineers (ISE) provided the best estimation. ACI 440.1R-06 provided conservative results with degree of dispersion similar to that of ISE. In addition, regression analysis on the collected experimental results was conducted to develop regression models. As a result, a new reliable shear strength equation was proposed.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 1999

In recent globalization era, Korean architectural education and profession are emerging as the fields with serious problems. There are two major reasons. One is an internal factor caused by Ministry of Education's full scale shift from department to faculty system. Due to the drastic change in this system, most of schools have serious difficulties to deliver the proper professional education. And the other is an external factor. In WTO era, Union of International Architects has adopted $\ulcorner$UIA Accord on Recommended International Standards of Professionalism In Architectural Practice$\lrcorner$. According to the education section of the Accord, it requires 5 years of professional education in the accredited school. So, if it is formally adopted in the Beijing Congress, which is scheduled to be held in June 1999, we may face very serious problems in architectural education. As mentioned above, with the present education system it is believed not easy to meet their new criteria. Within the present system, which does not have any mandatory relationship with professional licence, students might go on to diverse fields such as architectural design, structural engineering, construction management and building equipment engineering. However, if UIA Accord and Engineering Accreditation are required at the same time, it will not be easy to meet their new criteria with present architectural education system. The goal of this paper is to suggest the models to meet the standards of international community while keeping the strengths of existing systems.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.625-642
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• 1993

Whether stress-absorbing elements are functional in an implant system has been an issue of interest in oral implantology. The unique feature of the IMZ implant system is the planned imitation of the stress-distributing function of the structural unit of the tooth, periodontium, and alveolar bone through the use of an intramobile element(IME). The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in the displacement and the stress distibutions of IMZ implant with a polyoxymethylene(POM) or a titanium IME under static load. Two dimensional finite element analysis(FEA) was applied for this study and two finite element models were created. PATRAN program(DPA Co.,USA), a software for FEA, and SUN-SPARC2GX(SUN Co., USA), a workstation computer, were used. $1Kg/mm^2$ of static load was loaded individually on each three point of crown of implant prosthesis ; central fossa(load 1), mesial cusp tip(load 2), distal cusp tip(load 3), The displacements of X- and Y-axis and total displacement were measured at mesial and distal cusp tips, mesial and distal points between crown and IME, and implant apex. The von Mises stress was measured at mesial and distal points between crown and IME, mesial and distal points between IME and TIE, mesial and distal alveolar crest, the mesial and distal midpoints of implant, and implant apex. The difference in resultant values were compared and evaluated statistically using paired t-test. The results were as follows : 1. Under the load 1, all the displacement of implant with titanium IME at 5 measuring points was larger than that of with POM IME except total and Y-axis displacement at implant apex. And the differences in stress distributions with POM and titanium were varied. 2. Under the load 2, all the displacement of implant with titanium IME at 5 measuring points was larger than that of with POM IME except X-axis displacement at distal cusp tip. And the differences in stress distributions were varied. 3. Under the load 3, all the displacement of implant with titanium IME at 5 measuring points was larger than that of with POM IME except Y-axis displacement at mesial cusp tip. And the differences in stress distributions were varied. 4. For the displacement, there was significant difference statistically only in total displacement (P<0.1), but was no significant difference in X- and Y-axis displacement(P>0.1). For the stress, there was no significant difference among the compared values.