• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.655-663
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• 2011

Asbestos-cement is a material with valuable strength and durability. It was extensively used for water distribution pipes across the world from the 1950s until the early 1980s. The network of pipes in this case study dates from the 1970s, and after more than 30 to 40 years of service, some pipes have been found to break under common service pressure with no apparent reason. A set of mechanical tests was performed including bending, compression, pressure and crushing tests. Microscopy analysis was also used to understand the material behaviour. Tests showed that there was a clear loss of strength in the pipes and that the safety factor was under the established threshold in most of the specimens. Microscopy results showed morphological damage to the pipes. The loss of strength was attributed to a leaching effect. Leaching damages the cement matrix and reduces the frictional interfacial shear stress.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.145-156
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• 1993

대변형, 대회전, 대변형도 문제를 고려한 탄소성-손상 유한요소 정식화 과정을 연구함으로써 구조물의 모든 비선형 거동 및 손상을 합리적으로 예측할 수 있는 수치모형을 개발하였다. 재료의 소성 변형과정에서 발생되는 손상을 합리적으로 고려하기 위하여 연속체 손상역학의 접근방법을 이용하여 구성방정식을 정식화하였으며 Updated Lagrangian 정식화방법, 호장증분법 등의 비선형 강성방정식 해법을 적용하여 2차원 평면문제를 대상으로 하는 탄소성-손상 유한요소해석 프로그램을 구성하였다. 여러가지 예제 계산을 통하여 이 수치모형의 적용성 및 타당성을 검토한 결과 대변형 문제, 손상을 포함하는 재료 비선형문제 공히 합리적인 해석결과를 제시하고 있슴을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2008

Composite materials are widely used as structural materials for aerospace engineering because of its excellent mechanical properties such as light weight, high stiffness, and low thermal expansion. In driving, impact damage is one of the common but dangerous damages, caused by internal failure of the laminas interface which is not detected by in the surface. Many techniques to detect defects or delaminate between laminates have been reported. Shearography is a kind of laser speckle pattern interferometry with the advantages of non-destructive, non-contact, high resolution and displacement slope measurement. In this paper, the shearography is used to evaluate non-destructively impact damaged surface of the composite material and a measuring method using shearography for the thermal deformation of a impact damaged composite material is discussed. The basic principles of the technique are also described briefly.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.535-558
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• 2008

This study evaluates seismic performance of the school buildings with the selected template designs in Turkey considering nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete components. Six school buildings with template designs were selected to represent major percentage of school buildings in medium-size cities located in high seismic region of Turkey. Selection of template designed buildings and material properties were based on field investigation on government owned school buildings in several cities in western part of Turkey. Capacity curves of investigated buildings were determined by pushover analyses conducted in two principal directions. The inelastic dynamic characteristics were represented by equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems and their seismic displacement demands were calculated under selected ground motions. Seismic performance evaluation was carried out in accordance with recently published Turkish Earthquake Code that has similarities with FEMA-356 guidelines. Reasons of building damages in past earthquakes are examined using the results of performance assessment of investigated buildings. The effects of material quality on seismic performance of school buildings were investigated. The detailed examination of capacity curves and performance evaluation identified deficiencies and possible solutions for template designs.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2012

This paper investigates shape design processes of two implant systems for bone fracture treatment ; Bone plate and Interlocking nail system. These systems can directly fix fractured human bones by surgical operations. The bone plates consist of various shaped plates and implant screws for fixation of fractured human bones with various manual instruments allowing to handle them. The material corresponds to titanium alloy Ti6Al4V because it is harmless material for human body as well as significantly rigid. This system has to be suitably rigid as well as manually bended in orthopedic surgery operations. The Interlocking nail system is a kind of nail implanted inside fractured human bones. The shapes of these systems have to be suitably designed in order to endure various loads as well as avoid any damages. If various shaped prototypes would be fabricated and tested to design the optimal shapes, optimal shapes could be obtained but very long time and expensive costs must be required. In this paper finite element method was applied into these systems. Under various boundary conditions a series of structural analysis was conducted by using ANSYS. Finally important shape factors could be determined on the basis of the analysis results.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

전단빌딩에 발생한 손상 추정에 있어서 대상 구조물의 물성치를 가정하고 이상화한 모델을 이용한 역해석이 필요하다. 강성행렬을 이용하는 고전적인 손상추정 방법에 비해 유연도 행렬을 이용한 손상추정은 구조물의 저차모드를 이용하기 때문에 비교적 정확한 값을 계산할 수 있기 때문에 더 효과적으로 알려져 있다. 이 논문에서는 손상추정을 위한 알고리즘으로 유전자 알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm, GA)을 도입하였고, 구조 응답에서 취득할 수 있는 유연도 행렬을 이용하여 역해석을 통한 손상추정 기법을 소개하고 있다. 제안된 손상추정 기법은 전단빌딩의 강성에 대한 정확한 정보가 없는 상황에서 전단빌딩의 손상으로 인한 실제 강성변화량을 추정하도록 하였다. 더불어 open source code인 OPENSEES를 이용하여 전단빌딩 수치해석을 통해 제안된 손상추정 기법의 효율성을 검증하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.745-765
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• 2014

In this paper, it is aimed to determine the finite element model updating effects on the structural behavior of long span concrete highway bridges. Birecik Highway Bridge located on the 81stkm of Sanliurfa-Gaziantep state highway over Firat River in Turkey is selected as a case study. The bridge consist of fourteen spans, each of span has a nearly 26m. The total bridge length is 380m and width of bridge is 10m. Firstly, the analytical dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies and mode shapes are attained from finite element analyses using SAP2000 program. After, experimental dynamic characteristics are specified from field investigations using Operational Modal Analysis method. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition method in the frequency domain is used to extract the dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. Analytically and experimentally identified dynamic characteristics are compared with each other and finite element model of the bridge is updated to reduce the differences by changing of some uncertain parameters such as section properties, damages, boundary conditions and material properties. At the end of the study, structural performance of the highway bridge is determined under dead load, live load, and dynamic loads before and after model updating to specify the updating effect. Displacements, internal forces and stresses are used as comparison parameters. From the study, it is seen that the ambient vibration measurements are enough to identify the most significant modes of long span highway bridges. Maximum differences between the natural frequencies are reduced averagely from %46.7 to %2.39 by model updating. A good harmony is found between mode shapes after finite element model updating. It is demonstrated that finite element model updating has an important effect on the structural performance of the arch type long span highway bridge. Maximum displacements, shear forces, bending moments and compressive stresses are reduced %28.6, %21.0, %19.22, and %33.3-20.0, respectively.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.637-645
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• 2011

압축강도 50 MPa이 넘는 고강도 콘크리트가 화재에 취약하다는 것은 널리 알려진 사실이다. 그러나 화재 피해를 입은 고강도 콘크리트 구조 부재의 구조 성능 저감 정도를 정확하게 파악하기 위해서는 단순히 열역학적 거동만으로 파악하는 것이 아니라, 구조 거동에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 비재하 상태에서 고온에 일정시간 노출시킨 고강도 콘크리트 단주를 대상으로 하중 재하 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 변수로는 콘크리트 압축강도, 가열시간, 그리고 폴리프로필렌 섬유 혼입을 통한 폭렬 저감 공법 사용 유무가 있었으며, 실험의 결과로는 콘크리트 강도 및 가열 시간이 증가할수록 구조 성능은 저감되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 폴리프로필렌 섬유를 혼입하여 폭렬이 저감 된 경우에도 구조 성능에는 변화가 없거나 오히려 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통하여 알아낸 바를 토대로 보다 안전하고 경제적인 내화 설계를 할 수 있으며, 또한 화재로 인한 고강도 콘크리트 구조물의 구조성능 저감 정도를 예측하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권30호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2009

Stone cultural heritages in Korea have a severe damages from chemical and biological weathering because most of them have been situated in outdoors without any suitable protection systems, and this in turn causes deformation and structural damage. To counteract these problems and increase durability, various kinds of conservation materials are used in the conservation and restoration treatments. However until now there are not many practical and technological experiments on this subject. This paper attempts quantitative evaluation of effectiveness about chemical of ethylsilicate based resin for sandstone in Yeongyang-gun. It takes a long time to evaluate durability and side effect after conservation materials treatment. So we use artificial weathering through freezing§ thawing experimental method. As a result of this experiment, porosity and absorptance increased, and elastic wave speed, elastic modules, unconfined compression strength and tensile strength decreased more than before. This study plans to make a scientific method study about weathering factor and mechanism, and to deduce correlation between artificial weathering and natural weathering.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.141-156
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• 2019

This paper presents the flexural behaviour of stainless steel beam-to-tubular column joints with extended endplates subjected to static loading. Moment-rotation relationships were investigated numerically by using Abaqus software with geometric and material nonlinearity considered. The prediction of damages among components was achieved through ductile damage models, and the influence of initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses was evaluated in large fabricated stainless steel joints involving hollow columns and concrete-filled columns. Parametric analysis was subsequently conducted to assess critical factors that could affect the flexural performance significantly in terms of the initial stiffness and moment resistance. A comparison between codes of practice and numerical results was thereafter made, and design recommendations were proposed for further applications. Results suggest that the finite element model can predict the structural behaviour reasonably well with the component damage consistent with test outcomes. Initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses are shown to have little effect on the moment-rotation responses. A series of parameters that can influence the joint behaviour remarkably include the strain-hardening exponents, stainless steel strength, diameter of bolts, thickness of endplates, position of bolts, section of beams and columns. AS/NZS 2327 is more reliable to predict the joint performance regarding the initial stiffness and moment capacity compared to EN 1993-1-8.