Loss of strength in asbestos-cement water pipes due to leaching |
Gil, Lluis
(Dept. of Strength of Materials and Engineering Structures, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona Tech., ETSEIAT Campus Terrassa)
Perez, Marco A. (Dept. of Strength of Materials and Engineering Structures, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona Tech., ETSEIAT Campus Terrassa) Bernat, Ernest (Dept. of Strength of Materials and Engineering Structures, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona Tech., ETSEIAT Campus Terrassa) Cruz, Juan J. (Dept. of Strength of Materials and Engineering Structures, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona Tech., ETSEIAT Campus Terrassa) |
1 | Akers, S.A.S. and Garrett, G.G. (1983), "Observations and predictions of fracture in asbestos-cement composites", J. Mater. Sci., 18, 2209-2214. DOI ScienceOn |
2 | Al-Adeeb, A.M. and Matti, M.A. (1984), "Leaching corrosion of asbestos cement pipes", Int. J. Cement Compos. Lightw. Concrete, 6(4), 233-240. DOI ScienceOn |
3 | AWWA (2003), "Standard for asbestos cement distribution pipe 4 through 16' for water and other liquids", American Water Works Association AWWA C400-03, Denver, CO, USA. |
4 | Carde, C., François, R. and Torrenti, J.M. (1996), "Leaching of both calcium hydroxide and C-S-H from cement paste: medling the mechanical behavior", Cement Concrete Res., 26(8), 1257-1268. DOI ScienceOn |
5 | Carde, C. and Francois, R. (1997), "Effect of the leaching of calcium hydroxide from cement paste on mechanical and physical properties", Cement Concrete Res., 27(4), 539-550. DOI ScienceOn |
6 | Carde, C. and Francois, R. (1999), "Modelling the loss of strenght and porosity increase due to the leaching of cement pastes", Cement Concrete Compos., 21, 181-188. DOI ScienceOn |
7 | EN-512 (1995), Fibre-cement products, Pressure pipes and joints, European Committee for Standardization. |
8 | EN-12390-1 (2000), Testing hardened concrete, Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements of specimens and moulds, European Committee for Standardization. |
9 | EN-12390-3 (2000), Testing hardened concrete, Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens, European Committee for Standardization |
10 | Faucon, P., Le Bescop, P., Adenot, F., Bonville, P., Jacquinot, J.F., Pineau, F. and Felix, B. (1996), "Leaching of cement: Study of the surface layer", Cement Concrete Res., 26(11), 1707-1715. DOI ScienceOn |
11 | Ferrer, J. and Benet, M. (1985), "Analisis del comportamiento de tubos de fibrocemento sometidos a presion interior y cargas externas", Revista de Obras Publicas, 277-285. (Spanish) |
12 | Haga, K., Sutou, S., Hironaga, M., Tanaka, S. and Nagasaki, S. (2005), "Effects of porosity on leaching of Ca from hardened ordinary Portland cement paste", Cement Concrete Res., 35, 1764-1775. DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Hu, Y. and Hubble, D.W. (2007), "Factors contributing to the failure of asbestos cement water mains", Can. J. Civ. Eng., 34, 608-621. DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Hu, Y., Vu, H.Q. and Lotfian, K. (2008), "Instrumentation of asbestos cement pipe in expansive soil", NRCC-50555, Institute for Research in Construction, National Research council Canada. |
15 | Mainguy, M., Tognazzi, C., Torrenti, J.M. and Adenot, F. (2000), "Modelling of leaching in pure cement paste and mortar", Cement Concrete Res., 30, 83-90. DOI ScienceOn |
16 | Pelletier, G., Mailhot, A. and Villeneuve, J.P. (2003), "Modeling water pipe breaks - Three case studies", J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., ASCE, 129(2), 115-123. DOI ScienceOn |
17 | URALITA (1966), "General Handbook", Ed. Dossat, URALITA is the company that produced and sold the asbestos-cement pipes. (in spanish) |