• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

This study analyzed the factors related to the stress which the top-rated chefs in Jeju suffer and conducted the multiple regression analysis to look into the effect of job-related stress on the stress reaction and the satisfaction with job, in order to examine the effect of job-related stress faced by hotel kitchen employees in performing duties and determine the effect of job-related stress on the reaction of individuals in the peculiar environment of a kitchen in a hotel. Job-related stresses were classified into five factors which were physical, individual, vocational, organizational, and social. The result of regression analysis, which was performed to figure out the effect of job-related stress on the stress reaction and the satisfaction with the job, indicated that the physical factor of job-related stress had the greatest effect on the physiological reaction, followed by the organizational factor, individual factor, and social factor, while the organizational factor of job-related stress had the greatest effect on the psychological reaction, followed by the individual factor, social factor, vocational factor, and physical factor. Meanwhile, the vocational factor of job-related stress had the greatest effect on behavioral re-action, followed by organizational factor and individual factor. The vocational factor of job-related stress had the greatest effect on the satisfaction with the job, followed by individual factor, organizational factor, social factor, and physical factor.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1989

The fatigue crack growth behavior in GTA butt welded joints of Al-Alloy 5052-H38 was examined using Single Edge Notched(SEN) specimens. It is well known that welding residual stress has marked influence on fatigue crack growth rate in welded structure. In the general area of fatigue crack growth in the presence of residual stress, it is noted that the correction of stress intensity factor (K) to account for residual stress is important for the determination of both stress intensity factor range(.DELTA.K) and stress ratio(R) during a loading cycle. The crack growth rate(da/dN) in welded joints were correlated with the effective stress intensity factor range(.DELTA.Keff) which was estimated by superposition of the respective stress intensity factors for the residual stress field and for the applied stress. However, redistribution of residual stress occurs during crack growth and its effect is not negligible. In this study, fatigue crack growth characteristics of the welded joints were examined by using superposition of redistributed residual stress and discussed in comparison with the results of the initial welding residual stress superposition.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.525-532
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• 2010

Dypepsia is the most common gastrointestinal disease and mainly occurs by stress or food. According to the cause of dyspepsia, the clinical characteristics and the curative process are different in patients. The purpose of this study is to compare acute dyspepsia patients depending on food factor and stress factor. For this study, we analyzed the cause, and the symptoms of 59 acute dyspepsia patients and divided them into two groups: one group is 27 acute dyspepsia patient group caused by stress factor (stress factor group). The other group is 32 acute dyspepsia patient group caused by food factor (food factor group). In addition, we carried out HRV test and compared HRV index between two groups. There was no significant difference in past illness involved in gastrointestinal tract diseases between two groups. There were big differences in the frequency of chest discomfort, thurst, lack of appetite, and exhaustion after meals between two groups. There were many changes of tongue fur in food factor group. But there were many changes of tongue body in stress factor group. The pulse pattern is mostly wiry in stress factor group. But, The pulse pattern is mostly slippery in food factor group. HF, TP were significantly lower than food factor group in stress factor group, it means autonomic nerve system was more suppressd in stress factor group than food factor group. Food factor group improved sooner than stress factor group. This study presented the clinically different characteristics (past medical history, symptoms, tongue diagnosis, pulse pattern, curative process) of acute dyspepsia depending on food factor and stress factor. Thus, it provides the necessity of oriental medical diagnosis and treatment called pattern identification for acute dyspepsia.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.141-155
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• 1999

For the purpose of disclosing the mental health status as well as its stress factors of female workers in industry, a questionaire survey was carried out on 283 female workers, namely. 134 of a service industry(department store) in seoul and 149 of a manufacturing industry(food) in Kyunggi-do district from 24 to 29 January, 1994. The result were as follows : 1. The mean scores of poor mental health indicator showed no significant difference between service industry and manufacturing industry, while the mean scores of good mental health indicator showed a significant difference between those two industries. 2. The mean scores of work stress as social stress factors showed a significant difference between service industry and manufacturing industry. However, no significant difference was observed between the mean scores of personal stress factor between those two industries. 3. In general, the work stress factor was more significantly contributed by marital status, while the social stress as well as the personal stress factor were contributed more by monthly income. 4. The major contributing factor to the poor mental health was the personal stress factor in general, followed by the work stress factor. However, the weight of these two stress factors was reversed according to the type of industries.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.680-683
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• 1998

In case of the infinite body containing a rigid inclusion with line crack shape, stress intensity factor is determined and the relation between stress intensity factor and stress distribution near a crack tip is developed. Also, the relation between stress intensity factor and Kolosoff stress function is developed. Finally, these results are compared with those that the crack surface is under no traction.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.885-900
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• 2015

This paper introduces Romberg-Richardson's method as one of the numerical integration tools for computation of stress intensity factor in a pre-cracked specimen subjected to a complex stress field across the crack faces. Also, the computation of stress intensity factor for various stress fields using existing three methods: average stress over interval method, piecewise linear stress method, piecewise quadratic method are modified by using Richardson extrapolation method. The direct integration method is used as reference for constant and linear stress distribution across the crack faces while Gauss-Chebyshev method is used as reference for nonlinear distribution of stress across the crack faces in order to obtain the stress intensity factor. It is found that modified methods (average stress over intervals-Richardson method, piecewise linear stress-Richardson method, piecewise quadratic-Richardson method) yield more accurate results after a few numbers of iterations than those obtained using these methods in their original form. Romberg-Richardson's method is proven to be more efficient and accurate than Gauss-Chebyshev method for complex stress field.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.639-652
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• 2005

In this paper, a full-scale K-joint specimen was tested to failure under cyclic combined axial and in-plane bending loads. In the fatigue test, the crack developments were monitored step by step using the alternating current potential drop (ACPD) technique. Using Paris' law, stress intensity factor, which is a fracture parameter to be frequently used by many designers to predict the integrity and residual life of tubular joints, can be obtained from experimental test results of the crack growth rate. Furthermore, a scheme of automatic mesh generation for a cracked K-joint is introduced, and numerical analysis of stress intensity factor for the K-joint specimen has then been carried out. In the finite element analysis, J-integral method is used to estimate the stress intensity factors along the crack front. The numerical stress intensity factor results have been validated through comparing them with the experimental results. The comparison shows that the proposed numerical model can produce reasonably accurate stress intensity factor values. The effects of different crack shapes on the stress intensity factors have also been investigated, and it has been found that semi-ellipse is suitable and accurate to be adopted in numerical analysis for the stress intensity factor. Therefore, the proposed model in this paper is reliable to be used for estimating the stress intensity factor values of cracked tubular K-joints for design purposes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.8 s.179
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• pp.2007-2014
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• 2000

It has been reported that the dynamic stress intensity factor for a propagating crack is increasing or decreasing according to the increasement of the crack propagating velocity. It is confirmed in this study that the increasement or decreasement of stress intensity factor with crack growing velocity is accused by loading condition. When the crack propagates under a constant displacement along upper and lower boundary in finite plate, the dynamic stress intensity factor decreases according to the increasement of the propagating crack velocity. When the crack propagates under a constant stress along upper and lower boundary in finite plate, the dynamic stress intensity factor increases according to the increasement of the propagating crack velocity. The increasement or decreasement of stress intensity factor with crack growing velocity is greater in a fast crack propagation velocity than in a slow one.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2003

Accurate stress intensity factor analyses and crack growth rate of surface -cracked components in inhomogeneous materials are needed fur reliable prediction of their fatigue life and fracture strengths. This paper describes an automated stress intensity factor analysis of three-dimensional (3D) cracks in inhomogeneous materials. 3D finite element method (FEM) was used to obtain the stress intensity factor fur subsurface cracks and surface cracks existing in inhomogeneous materials. To examine accuracy and efficiency of the present system, the stress intensity factor for a semi-elliptical surface crack in a plate subjected to uniform tension is calculated, and compared with Raju-Newman's solutions. Then the system is applied to analyze cladding effect of subsurface cracks in inhomogeneous materials. The results were compared with those surface cracks in homogeneous materials. It is clearly demonstrated from these analyses that the stress intensity factors for subsurface cracks are less than those of surface cracks. Also, this system is applied to analyze cladding effect of surface cracks in inhomogeneous materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.30-37
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• 1997

This paper deals with the residual stress of carburized spur gears is calculated being on the assumption that the main cause of residual stress is the volume difference between case and core due to the martensitic transformation in cooling. A formula is proposed to estimated the residual stress from the hardness and the amount of retained austenite. The estimated residual stress is close to the stress measured by X-ray method. The estimated residual stress is applied to the analysis of the fracture mechanics of carburized spur gear teeth. The stress intensity factor due to the residual stress is demonstrated. The stress intensity factor is computed by the influence function method, and it is shown that the factor is decreased by the residual stress in Carburized gear tooth.