• Title/Summary/Keyword: Streptococcus spp.

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Isolation and Purification of Several Substances Produced by Fusarium graminearum and Their Antimicrobial Activities (Fusarium graminearum이 생산하는 몇가지 물질의 분리정제 및 항균 활성)

  • 김병섭;김건우;이종규;이인원;조광연
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.158-164
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    • 1995
  • 토마토의 엽권에서 분리한 Fusariym graminearum이 분비하는 물질은 벼 도열병균(Pyricularia oryzae)의 여러 종의 식물병원 진균에 대한 항균활성을 나타내었으며, 이러한 활성물질을 PDA에서 본 균을 배양 한 후 chloroform으로 추출하여 분리정제 하였다. HPLC에 의하여 5종류의 활성 물질을 분획하였으며, 그중 1번(F402) 화합물을 벼 도열병균(P. oryzae)을 포함한 22개 식물 병원 진균에 대하여 살균 활성범위를 조사한 결과, 이 화합물은 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도에서 Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum은 전혀 억제하지 못하였으며, Phytophthora spp., Cladosporium fulvum, Fusarium spp., Corynespora cassicola에는 어느 정도의 활성이 있었지만 낮게 나타났고, P. oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Alternaria solani는 100% 억제하여 활성이 높게 나타났다. 또한 장내 세균에 대한 활성을 MIC로 비교할 때 Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus faecium에 대하여는 각각 12.5, 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml였고 Staphylococcus aureus는 25-50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml으로 나타났으며, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae에서는 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 이상으로 활성이 나타나지 않았다. F402를 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml의 농도로 직접 살포한 식물체에서의 방제효과는 벼도열병, 벼 깨씨무늬병, 보리 흰 가루병에 대하여는 80%이상이었으나, 벼 잎집무늬마름병, 오이 잿빛곰팡이병, 토마토 역병, 밀 녹병에서는 낮았다.

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Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments - A review

  • Cheng, Wei Nee;Han, Sung Gu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.33 no.11
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    • pp.1699-1713
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    • 2020
  • Bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most common disease of dairy cattle causing economic losses due to reduced yield and poor quality of milk. The etiological agents include a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and can be either contagious (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp.) or environmental (e.g., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus uberis). Improving sanitation such as enhanced milking hygiene, implementation of post-milking teat disinfection, maintenance of milking machines are general measures to prevent new cases of mastitis, but treatment of active mastitis infection is dependant mainly on antibiotics. However, the extensive use of antibiotics increased concerns about emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and that led the dairy industries to reduce the use of antibiotics. Therefore, alternative therapies for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis, particularly natural products from plants and animals, have been sought. This review provides an overview of bovine mastitis in the aspects of risk factors, control and treatments, and emerging therapeutic alternatives in the control of bovine mastitis.

Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

  • Seghesio, Eleonora;Geyter, Charlotte De;Vandenplas, Yvan
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.245-255
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    • 2021
  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality that occurs mainly in premature born infants. The pathophysiologic mechanisms indicate that gastrointestinal dysbiosis is a major risk factor. We searched for relevant articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar in the English language up to October 2020. Articles were extracted using subject headings and keywords of interest to the topic. Interesting references in included articles were also considered. Network meta-analysis suggests the preventive efficacy of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp., but even more for mixtures of Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus spp. However, studies comparing face-to-face different strains are lacking. Moreover, differences in inclusion criteria, dosage strains, and primary outcomes in most trials are major obstacles to providing evidence-based conclusions. Although adverse effects have not been reported in clinical trials, case series of adverse outcomes, mainly septicemia, have been published. Consequently, systematic administration of probiotic bacteria to prevent NEC is still debated in literature. The risk-benefit ratio depends on the incidence of NEC in a neonatal intensive care unit, and evidence has shown that preventive measures excluding probiotic administration can result in a decrease in NEC.

The Result of Surgical Treatment of Chronic Otitis Externa in Dog (개의 만성 외이염 수술적 치료예)

  • 이상곤
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.99-102
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    • 1997
  • The otitis externa frequently occurs in dog. The cause is mostlyan increase of bacterias (for example Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. and Psudomonas spp.) and/or yeast fungi (especially malassizia pachydermatis) and/or infestation with parasites (otodecits cynotis) which growth is promoted by a change of the microclimate in the external auditory meatus. The worse therapeutic results of medicine is explained by an intolerance and resistence of microorganisms which was often observed. In this study of dog with otitis externa developed a generalised pyoderma. This, in fact, could be a causative factor in the development of otitis externa and its recurrence. Concluded, the surgical treatment is the best method for eliminating chronic otitis externa.

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Study on respiratory disorders in slaughtered pigs (도축돈의 호흡기질병에 관한 연구)

  • 이청산;김원설;손현수;이은정;박경재
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.255-262
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    • 2000
  • A survey on pneumonic lungs and its histopathological changes of the slaughtered pigs from the southern area of Chungbuk province was carried out during the period from January to December 1999. Pneumonic lungs were attempted bactenological findings and antibiotic susceptibilities. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Of 158 slaughtered pigs, 97(61.4%) pigs had pneumonic lesions in the lung, and the prevalence was high in winter, spring, autumn, and summer in order. f. The bacteria isolated from pneumonic lesions were pasteurella spp, 13 heads(34.2%), streptococcus spp, 6(IS.8%), actinobacillus spp, 3(7.9%), coliform 4(10.5%) and the other bacteria, 12(31.6%). 3. These isolates were highly susceptible to the antibiotics of enrofloxacin 30(78.9%), cephalothin 23(73.6%) and ceftiofur 27(71 %). 4. Histopathologically, swine enzootic pneumonia and pleuropneumonia lesions were observed. The swine enzootic pneumonia lesions were consisted of peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia and exudate in alveolar lumen. The pleuropneumonia lesions were consisted of thrombosis, alveolar wall thickened by mononuclear cells and neutrophil deposition.

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Antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from Pneumonic lungs of slaughtered pig in northern Chungnam area (도축돈의 폐렴병소에서 분리한 세균의 항생제 감수성)

  • 이종훈;김성민;배영재;나기복;박일규;정영재
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.115-125
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    • 1996
  • A total of 315 microorgainisms were isolated from 256 pneumonic lung samples of pig in abattoirs of northern Chungnam area during February to November 1994, and Identified 97 strains as Pusteurella multocida, 89 strains as Staphylococcus spp, 54 strains as Streptococcus spp, 22 strains as Mycoplasma spp, 21 strains as Escherichia coli, 18 strains as Haemophilus parsuis, 11 strains as Corymebacteroi, pyogenes, and 3 strains as Acrinobacillus spp by Gram's and Dienes stain, and biological properties test Involved API system. After that, they were examined anti biotic susceptibility for ampicillin(AM), cephalothin(CF), chloramphenicol(CP), erythromycin(EM), kanamycin(KM), gentamicin(GM), neomycin(NM), penicillin(PC), streptomycin(SM), tetracycline(TE), tiamulin(TIA), tylosin(TYL), methicillin(DP), colistin(CL) and trimet hoprim(SXT). In antibiotics susceptibility test, 293 isolates except Mycoplasma spp 22 strain were highly susceptible to DF(79.2%) and AM(76.2%), but resistant to PC(14.0%), NM(19.5%) and KM (23.2%) The multiple drug resistant patterns were noted in most isolates, whereas only 7 isolates resistant to single drugs.

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Bactericidal Efficacies of an Aquatic Disinfectant Tablet Composed to Calcium Hypochlorite Against Vibrio anguillarum and Streptococcus iniae

  • Cha, Chun-Nam;Lee, Yeo-Eun;Kang, In-Jin;Yoo, Chang-Yeul;Choi, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Suk;Lee, Hu-Jang
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.290-294
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    • 2012
  • Vibrio spp. and Streptococcus spp. have caused a considerable disease of farmed fish and economic loss in fish farming and seafood industry. In this study, the efficacy of an aquatic disinfectant tablet composed to calcium hypochlorite was evaluated against V. anguillarum and S. iniae. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. An aquatic disinfectant tablet and test bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. V. anguillarum on the DW, HW and OM condition was completely inactivated with 16,000 15,000 and 13,000 fold dilutions of the disinfectant, respectively. On the DW, HW and OM condition, S. iniae was absolutely inactivated with 17,000 16,000 and 14,000 fold dilutions of the disinfectant, respectively. As an aquatic disinfectant tablet possesses bactericidal efficacy against fish pathogenic bacteria such as V. anguillarum and S. iniae this disinfectant solution can be used to control the spread of fish infective bacterial diseases.

Effect of Leuconustoc spp. on the Formation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm

  • Kang, Mi-Sun;Kang, In-Chol;Kim, Seon-MI;Lee, Hyun-Chul;Oh, Jong-Suk
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.291-296
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    • 2007
  • Insoluble glucans synthesized by Streptococcus mutans enhance the pathogenicity of oral biofilm by promoting the adherence and accumulation of cariogenic bacteria on the surface of the tooth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Leuconostoc spp. on the in vitro formation of S. mutans biofilm. Three strains, Leuconostoc gelidum A TCC 49366, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris A TCC 19254 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293, were used in this study. They exhibited profound inhibitory effects on the formation of S. mutans biofilm and on the proliferation of S. mutans. The water-soluble polymers produced from sucrose were most strongly produced by L. gelidum, followed by L. mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and L. mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides. The mean wet weights of the artificial biofilm of S. mutans were also significantly reduced as a result of the addition of the water-soluble polymers obtained from Leuconostoc cultures. According to the results of thin-layer chromatographic analysis, the hydrolysates of the water-soluble polymers produced by Leuconostoc were identical to those of dextran T-2000, forming predominately ${\alpha}-(1-6)$ glucose linkages. These results indicate that dextran-producing Leuconostoc strains are able to inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilm in vitro.

Changes of Indicator Microorganisms and Pathogenic Bacteria in Spinach during Cook-Chill Process (시금치의 cook-chill 가공 중 오염지표균 및 병원성세균의 변화)

  • Kim, Hye-Jung;Park, Jae-Kap;Lee, Dong-Sun;Paik, Hyun-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.927-930
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    • 2002
  • Spinach minimally processed using cook-chill and sous vide techniques was vacuum-packed in low gas permeable plastic film, pasteurized at $70^{\circ}C$ for 2 min, cooled rapidly at $3^{\circ}C$, and stored at 3 and $10^{\circ}C$. Contents of mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, total coliforms, yeast and molds, fecal Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriacea were measared to identify the degree of food contamination. Number of mesophilic bacteria, detected at $2.2{\times}10^8\;cfu/g$ in raw spinish, decreased to about $6.0{\times}10^3\;cfu/g$ after cook-chill process. During the storage at 3 or $10^{\circ}C$, levels of mesophilic, psychrophilic and anaerobic bacteria increased, whereas total coliforms, yeast and molds, fecal Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriacea were not detected. Twelve strains of Aeromonas hydphila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Campylococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus were examined for detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria in spinach. B. cereus and C. perfringens were isolated from raw, washed, and cook-chilled spinach, whereas A. hydrophila was isolated only from washed spinach. S. aureus was isolated from raw and washed spinach, but not from cook-chilled spinach. Other pathogenic organisms were not detected in raw, washed, and cook-chilled spinach.

Isolation and Characterization of a Paenibacillus incheonensis YK5 with Antimicrobial Activity aginst MRSA (항MRSA 활성을 보이는 Paenibacillus incheonensis YK5의 분리 및 특성)

  • Yoon, Young-Jun;Kim, Hye-Yoong;Lee, Tae-Soo;Kim, Jung-Wan
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.326-332
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    • 2008
  • Various bacteria were isolated from Korean soil samples based on their capability inhibiting the growth of MRSA strains. Among them, strain YK5 with the highest activity was a Gram positive sporulative bacillus with motility. It did not produce indole and no acid was formed from mannitol by the bacterium. The 16S rRNA sequence of the strain showed $95{\sim}98%$ homology with those of Paenibacillus spp.. The bacterial isolate shared the highest homology with that of P. elgii (98%), but was named as Paenibacillus incheonensis YK5 due to differences in physiological properties. Butanol extract of the P. incheonensis YK5 culture grown in SST medium at $37^{\circ}C$ for 96 hr showed a broad antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (MRSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) pathogenic bacteria and fungi (Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton). The antimicrobial activity in the crude extract was stable in a broad range of temperature and pH, $20{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ and $3.0{\sim}6.0$, respectively. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of P. incheonesis YK5 had potential as a novel antibiotics for pathogens including MRSA.