• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.129-130
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• 2017

Streptococcus gordonii는 그람 양성이면서, 통성 혐기성, 및 비운동성 구균이다. S. gordonii는 사람의 구강 내 정상세균 총의 하나이고, 치면 생체막 형성의 선구적 세균 종이다. S. gordonii는 감염성 심내막염과 패혈성관절염 뿐만 아니라 유치의 치수염에 연관이 있다. S. gordonii KCOM 1506 (= ChDC B679) 균주가 사람 급성치수염 병소에서 분리되었으며 그 유전체 염기서열을 해독하여 보고한다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to develop PCR primers that are specific for Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii. We designed the S. sanguinis-, S. parasanguinis-, and S. gordonii-specific primers, Ssa21-F3/Ssa21-R2, Spa17-F/Spa17-R, and Sgo41-F1/Sgo41-R1 respectively, based on the nucleotide sequences of the Ssa21, Spa17, and Sgo41 DNA probes that were screened using inverted dot blot hybridization (IDBH). The species-specificity of these primers was assessed against 43 strains of mitis group streptococci, including clinical strains of S. sanguinis, S. parasanguinis, and S. gordonii. The resulting PCR data revealed that species-specific amplicons had been obtained from all strains of the target species tested, and that none of these amplicons occurred in any other strains from other species. These results suggest that the Ssa21-F3/Ssa21-R2, Spa17-F/Spa17-R, and Sgo41-F1/Sgo41-R1 primers may be useful in detecting S. sanguinis, S. parasanguinis, and S. gordonii at the species level, respectively.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1996

Bacteremia occurs in a wide variety of clinical procedures in oral cavity. Reduction of the number of causative microorganisms of infective endocarditis in oral cavity by local administration of antimicrobial agents decreases the magnitude of bacteremia and possibility of infective endocarditis. The effects of chlorhexidine on Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermis were investigated by measurement of turbidity. The effects of 0.1% chlorhexidine gargling for 7 days on oral bacterial flora, total streptococci, S. mutans, S. aureus, and S. epidermis in whole saliv a of 7 healthy human subjects, were investigated by measurement of Colony Forming Units (CFU). The obtained results were as follows : 1. Chlorhexidine showed significant antimicrobial effects on Streptococcus snaguis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermis. However, the effects on S. sanguis and S. gordonii were not apparent compared with other microorganisms. 2. Oral gargling of 0.1% chlorhexidine decreased the CFU values of normal oral bacterial flora, total streptococci, S. mutans, S. aureus, and S. epidermis in whole saliva. The antimicrobial effects were significant after 4 days of chlorhexidine gargling. 3. Local antimicrobial administration in addition to systemic antibiotic prophylaxis can be highly recommended as an effective adjunct regimen for prevention of infective endocarditis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.275-277
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• 2015

안면부 부종으로 내원한 1년령의 암컷 슬로우로리스의 신체검사에서 좌측 상악 견치의 골절이 확인되었다. 세포검사 및 방사선상에서 세균감염과 치수염이 각각 확인되었다. 세균은 배양 및 분자진단을 통해 Streptococcus gordonii로 동정되었다. 손상된 치아의 발치 및 항생제 투여 후 병변은 소실되었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2015

치주질환과 관련된 세균인 S. gordonii, F. nucleatum 및 P. gingivalis의 상호작용이 군집 형성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 trypticase soy hemin menadione broth에 단독 및 열처리한 사균과 혼합 분주하여 혐기성 균배양조를 통해 $37^{\circ}C$ $CO_2$ 배양기에서 anearobic gas pack 하에 7일간 배양하였다. 군집 형성 정도를 확인하기 위해 흡광도를 측정하였으며, 군집 구조 및 형태를 확인하기 위해 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. P. gingivalis의 병원성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 real-time RT-PCR를 통해 gingipain인 HRgpA를 생성하는 rgpA 유전자에 대한 발현 분석을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. S. gordonii와 P. gingivalis의 군집 형성은 다른 사균들에 의해 증가하였다. F. nucleatum의 경우 P. gingivalis 사균에 의해 증가하는 양상을 보였으나 S. gordonii 사균에 의해서는 군집 형성이 감소되었다. 따라서 본 실험에 사용된 균주는 군집 형성 시 상호작용 인자뿐 아니라 세균 입자 그 자체 등을 통해서도 서로 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2015

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest antibiotic concentration that inhibits the visible growth of bacteria. Sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (Sub-MIC) is defined as the concentration of an antimicrobial agent that does not have an effect on bacterial growth but can alter bacterial biochemistry, thus reducing bacterial virulence. Many studies have confirmed that sub-MICs of antibiotics can inhibit bacterial virulence factors. However, most studies were focused on Gram-negative bacteria, while few studies on the effect of sub-MICs of antibiotics on Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we examined the influence of sub-MICs of doxycycline, tetracycline, penicillin and amoxicillin on biofilm formation and coaggregation of Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Actinomyces odontolyticus. In this study, incubation with sub-MIC of antibiotics had no effect on the biofilm formation of S. gordonii and A. naeslundii. However, S. mutans showed increased biofilm formation after incubation with sub-MIC amoxicillin and penicillin. Also, the biofilm formation of A. odontolyticus was increased after incubating with sub-MIC penicillin. Coaggregation of A. naeslundii with S. gordonii and A. odontolyticus was diminished by sub-MIC amoxicillin. These observations indicated that sub-MICs of antibiotics could affect variable virulence properties such as biofilm formation and coaggregation in Gram-positive oral bacteria.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2014

A positional scanning synthetic peptide combinatorial library (PS-SCL) was screened in order to identify antimicrobial peptides against the cariogenic oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans. Activity against Streptococcus gordonii and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was also examined. The library was comprised of six sub-libraries with the format $O_{(1-6)}XXXXX-NH_2$, where O represents one of 19 amino acids (excluding cysteine) and X represents equimolar mixture of these. Each sub-library was tested for antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against S. gordonii and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The effect of peptides was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two semi-mixture peptides, RXXXXN-$NH_2$ (pep-1) and WXXXXN-$NH_2$ (pep-2), and one positioned peptide, RRRWRN-$NH_2$ (pep-3), were identified. Pep-1 and pep-2 showed significant antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria (S. mutans and S. gordonii), but not against Gram negative bacteria (A. actinomycetemcomitans). However, pep-3 showed very low antimicrobial activity against all three bacteria. Pep-3 did not form an amphiphilic ${\alpha}$-helix, which is a required structure for most antimicrobial peptides. Pep-1 and pep-2 were able to disrupt the membrane of S. mutans. Small libraries of biochemically-constrained peptides can be used to generate antimicrobial peptides against S. mutans and other oral microbes. Peptides derived from such libraries may be candidate antimicrobial agents for the treatment of oral microorganisms.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Due to the major role played by several species of Streptococcus in the etiology of periodontitis, it is important to assess the pattern of Streptococcus pathogenic pathways within the infected subgingival pockets using a bacterial specific 16S rRNA fragment. From the total of 50 patients with periodontitis included in the study, only 23 Streptococcal isolates were considered for further analyses, in which their 16S rRNA fragments were amplified and sequenced. Then, a comprehensive phylogenetic tree was constructed and in silico prediction was performed for the observed Streptococcal species. The phylogenetic analysis of the subgingival Streptococcal species revealed a high discrimination power of the 16S rRNA fragment to accurately identify three groups of Streptococcus on the species level, including S. salivarius (14 isolates), S. anginosus (5 isolates), and S. gordonii (4 isolates). The employment of state-of-art in silico tools indicated that each Streptococcal species group was characterized with particular transcription factors that bound exclusively with a different 16S rRNA-based secondary structure. In conclusion, the observed data of the present study provided in-depth insights into the mechanism of each Streptococcal species in its pathogenesis, which differ in each observed group, according to the differences in the 16S rRNA secondary structure it takes, and the consequent binding with its corresponding transcription factors. This study paves the way for further interventions of the in silico prediction, with the main conventional in vitro microbiota identification to present an interesting insight in terms of the gene expression pattern and the signaling pathway that each pathogenic species follows in the infected subgingival site.

• 보건의료생명과학 논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.393-405
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• 2023

구강질환은 전 세계적으로 약 35억 명의 인구에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되었고, 국내에서 치은염 및 치주질환이 2019년부터 2021년까지 다빈도 상병 1위를 차지하였다. 구강질환을 일으키는 대표적인 박테리아로 Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus gordonii, Leptotrichia buccalis, Prevotella, Treponema 등이 있고, 진균류로는 Candida albicans, 고세균으로 Methanobrevibacter oralis 등이 있다. 구강 미생물이 치주질환을 일으키는 과정을 살펴보면, Streptococcus mutans 와 같은 박테리아가 먼저 증식하여 바이오필름을 형성하고, 이어서 절대혐기성 미생물, 기회감염균 및 병원균이 부착하여 증식하면서 숙주의 치은연하에 치태를 형성하며 정착하게 된다. 이처럼 마이크로바이옴 군집 내 다양한 상호작용이 구강질환 발생에 중요하다. 나아가서 구강 미생물과 구강질환으로 인하여 생성된 물질 및 염증이 소화기질환, 당뇨병, 심혈관질환, 인지기능, 류마티스 관절염, 조산, 암과 같은 질환 발생과 밀접한 관련성이 있으며, 한편으로 이러한 질환들이 구강질환을 일으키는 원인이 된다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

치면세균막내의 미생물 중 Streptococcus mutans $N_{AKAI}$는 치면세균막형성에 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 원인균으로 알려져 있으며, Streptococcus mutans $N_{AKAI}$는 치아우식을 일으키는 주요 원인균으로 주목을 받고 있다. Streptococcus mutans $N_{AKAI}$균에 항균효과를 나타내는 화합물 acanthoic acid (AA, $C_{20}H_{30}O_2$)을 Acanthopanax koreanum $N_{AKAI}$의 클로로포롬 추출물에서 각종 컬럼크로마토그래피법으로 추출분리하여 ms, 1H-NMR 그리고 13C-NMR 등을 이용하여 구조를 동정하였다. AA의 Streptococcus mutans $N_{AKAI}$에 대한 최소억제농도(MIC)와 최소살균농도(MBC)를 조사하였으며, 이 때 각각 2와 $4\:{\mu}g/mL$을 나타냈었다. 또한 다른 천연물에서 분리된 화합물인 tanshinone IIA는 8/16\;${\mu}g/mL$, 녹차의 추출물과 eucalyptoi은 $250/500\;{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 그리고 또 다른 치주질환의 원균인 Streptococcus sobrinus $N_{AKAI}$, Streptococcus sanguis $N_{AKAI}$ 및 Streptococcus gordonii $N_{AKAI}$의 최소억제 농도의 범위는 $4{\sim}32\;{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 우리의 연구결과에서 Acanthopanax koreanum $N_{AKAI}$에서 분리한 acanthoic acid 치주질환 원인균들을 억제하는 항균제로의 가능성을 확인하였다.