• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Townscape design is now considered to be the most important part in city management as a means to improve the life quality of its dwellers. Therefore, the recognition of local autonomous entities and local residents on townscape has been greatly changed. As a part of this effort, the plan to improve the townscape of the central rotary district in Geochang-eup has been examined in multilateral ways. In this plan, first, improvement for proper buildings was studied. Second, betterment for street furniture around the central rotary was considered. Third, making a landscape square around it was also investigated. Based on those considerations, this article intends to suggest directions for improving the commercial buildings of the central rotary district which has the greatest symbolicity in Geochang-eup. To achieve the goal, this paper conducted a survey to the dwellers beforehand in order to investigate their recognition on creating townscape for the central rotary district and collected their opinions on it. According to the result, among the elements of townscape in the shopping district around the rotary, the externals of the buildings such as signboards, color, and shape and the pleasantness part like the maintenance of telegraph poles occupied the highest portion on the street. And It is proposed 4 Alternative plans for the improvement of commercial building design in the central rotary district of geochang-eup.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.23-41
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• 1988

Environmental design pattern of the nine Small Urban Spaces at C.B.D. in City of Seoul are surveyed and analyzed for user's satisfaction and behavior under the environmental design evaluation by using Chrisopher Alexander's Pattern Language. Small Urban Spaces as a part of streetscape are formed by physical factors as well as visual environment and interacting user's behavior. Therefore, user's satisfacuion and behavior at the nine Urban Small Spaces were investigated under the further search for some possibilities of a pplication of those Pattern Languages. A pattern language has a structure of a network. It is used in sequence, going through the patterns, moving always from large patterns to smaller, always from the ones which create comes simply from the obsernation that most of the wonderful places of the city were not made by architects but by the people. It defines the limited number of arrangements of spaces that make sense in any given culture. And it actually gives us the power to generate these coherent arrangement of space. As a results, 'Plazl', 'Seats' and 'Accessibility' related design patterns are highly evaluated by Pattern Frequency, Pattern Interaction and their Composition ranks, thus reconfirm Whyte's Praise of urban Small Spaces in our inner city design environments. According to the multiple regression analysis of user's evaluation, the environmental functins related to the satisfaction were 'Plaza', 'Accessibility' and 'Paving'. According to the free response, user's prefer such visually pleasing environmental design object as 'Waterscape' and 'Setting'. In addition to, the basic needs in Urban Small Spaces are amenity facilities as bench, drinking water and shade for rest.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2004

The Pasadena Freeway follows the Arroyo Seco through foothills and scenic passes to link Downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena. The approximately 10 mile road was the first freeway built in the West during the 1930's and is today designated as a Historic Parkway. As it approaches Pasadena, it terminates at a traffic light intersection at Glenarm Street, and then becomes a commercial road the Arroyo Parkway. This one and a quarter mile long, north south road moves significant volumes of traffic both into and out of Pasadena. The Arroyo Parkway is thus a major 'gateway' and an important axis of orientation and movement, terminating in the City's core civic, commercial and retail district. Planting, lighting, signage, paving, furnishing and fixtures ought to all be properly designed and coordinated to create a distinctive 'gateway' experience arriving to Pasadena and driving along the Arroyo Parkway. Alternate design studies, developed in discussion with City officials and others involved in the redevelopment of the area, would need to be done to properly decide on the best direction. Issues of heritage and traditional streetscape will likely have to be reconciled with both the reality of the vehicular character of the road and more contemporary themes. Obviously with such large parcels of property available in the Arroyo Fair Oaks corridor, there is a huge potential for redevelopment and building. This potential would only be strengthened by the Light Rail Line and its stations, the improvements to the Arroyo Parkway, and the redevelopment of the Arts Center College of Design. Guides and controls to the development process, including programming and physical design studies, would need to be developed in order to ensure that the maximum potential for the corridor be realized. This concept proposal suggests that the whole strip might be developed as a Arts and Technology corridor, with special emphases on education, public culture, media and lifestyle. The full programming possibilities need to be further developed. Additionally, appropriate urban design guidelines to ensure high quality development also need to be incorporated into an overall development plan.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.42-59
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• 2014

조선시대 후기 고위관료였던 한필교(1807~1878)의 화첩 "숙천제아도(宿踐諸衙圖)"를 통해본 중앙관아의 공간구조와 조경기법에 관한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. '사방전도묘법(四方顚倒描法)'으로 그려진 "숙천제아도"는 조선시대 중앙 및 지방관아의 공간구조와 문화경관 특성을 파악할 수 있는 독보적 실증사료로서 가치를 지닌다. 조선의 정궁(경복궁) 광화문 밖 육조(六曹)거리에 자리 잡은 중앙관아는 장방형 부지에 중심시설(당상대청)과 부속 건물이 서열에 따라 상 하 또는 좌 우로 분산되는 구조인데, 주 건물은 남향으로 배치되었으며, 행정편의와 환경성, 그리고 유교적 규범성의 실천 등 위계적 토지이용 체계를 반영하고 있다. 관리들의 직무공간인 당상대청과 향청 등 주요건물은 너른 네모꼴 앞마당을 두어 실용성 위주의 중정(中庭)을 구축하였고, 중심건물(당상대청)은 연못과 정자 등 의미경관을 반영한 후원을 가꾸었다. 특히, 토지이용에 있어서 적극적 공간과 소극적 공간이 교차 반복<동(動)과 정(靜), 채(棟)와 마당(庭), 정(庭)과 원(園)>되는 중용적 사유체계를 보여준다. 중앙관아조경의 특징은 실용적 성격의 앞마당과 경관적 측면이 강조된 뒤뜰을 연계시킨 외부공간의 확장성(前庭+棟+後園), 그리고 환경쾌적성, 경관성, 상징성, 방화용수 목적 등이 복합적으로 고려된 수경시설(方池)의 도입을 들 수 있다. 또한 휴양과 심신수양을 도모하기 위한 정자의 도입 및 후원의 발달, 정심수(庭心樹 : 연, 버드나무, 소나무, 느티나무 등)로서의 의미부여와 제한적인 식물도입, 그리고 심미성, 관념성, 실용적 가치 등을 중시한 환경설계기법이 추출된다. 이러한 중앙관아의 조경기법은 우리나라 궁궐, 사찰, 서원, 상류주택 등 전통공간에서 유사하게 추출되는 보편성이자 특수성이라 하겠다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2018

Gordon Cullen, who tried to understand urban landscapes in terms of visual attention, introduced a concept called 'Space and Infinity' in his book 'Townscape'. According to him, urban images like infinity spreading across the sky are more effectively created when we happen to see an open space while walking along a ground-level street than when we look at the sky. This study aims to quantitatively examine if urban observers pay more attention to spaces like pilotis on the bottom of a building. Thus, this study collected observers on actual urban landscape images and partially-edited images and conducted an experiment by adopting Eye-movement Tracking to find out if they actually pay more visual attention to a space like pilotis. This study selected a total of 50 people as research subjects and divided them into two groups. Image 1 was shown to one group, and Image 2 with the pilotis space edited was shown to the other group. As an experiment to find objective evidences on Gordon Cullen's 'Space and Infinity', this study analyzed difference between Image 1 and Image 2, and it was found that the domain of pilotis showed a value five times higher than the average visual attention since it attracted much visual attention although it was very small in area. That is, it has objectively clarified that people get most fascinated with a place with infinite images in the background like a pilotis space out of all the urban landscapes as Gordon Cullen's theory. In addition, the differences in visual concentration of pilotis space by sex, by subject was examined, and there was no significant difference in visual concentration of pilotis space by gender. As a result of examining the difference of visual concentration by classifying the subjects into architectural related major, the major group showed higher frequency of viewing than the non - major group.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.109-121
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• 1985

A study on the image identification of urban streetscape is valuable for illuminating identity that is not yet fully approached in the field of environmental design. This analysis of urban streetscape for image identification allows us to make a more detailed exploration of an important approaching methods in dealing with the structural characteristics of identity. As a matter of fact, the earlier indirect studies on this image identification were made by environmental designers, such as architectural and urban designer in the field of environmental perception and came to its environmental cognition & environmental pattern research with assistances by such researchers as K. Lynch A. Rapoport & Christopher Alexander. Through its environmental perception research, we can see its structural characteristics that is aesthetic & visual structural contents of physical environmental elements. And we can see its cognitive characteristics through the environmental cognitive research, that is continuity, territoriality, identity of place, uniqueness or individuality, meaning & symbolism. Through its environmental pattern research, we can see its physical, socio - economic, cultural and symbolic pattern identification contents, that is physical form of the city, style of the street, pattern of streetscape, socio- economic & geographical locality, arid life cycle, life style, common style of the behavior, cultural pattern of the activity, socio - cultural expression of the symbol. In these process, we can set up a set of the environmental design criterias from those three integral studies for identity. And for an environmental research, Tongsung-Ro around the CBD (central business district) in Taegu City was selected for a case study, because this streetscape is suitable for that approaching methods in this study.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

서울시는 광복 70주년을 맞아 일제 강점기에 지어져 최근까지 사용했던 세종대로 (구)국세청 별관을 철거하고 시민의 공간으로 재조성하고자 설계공모를 시행했다. 본 연구는 설계공모에 출품된 설계안 중 하나로 대상지의 역사 맥락을 통해 장소 특성을 분석하고 개념을 도출하여 설계 전략과 내용을 서술했다. 지침서상 광역 분석과 세종대로의 가치와 문화 유산과의 연계방안을 고려하여 과거와 현재, 미래로 이어지는 공간이 되도록 명시하고 있다. 세종대로는 조선 건국에서 대한제국기, 일제 강점기와 현대에 이르기까지 도로구조의 변화와 함께 중요한 사건과 활동이 일어나는 중심공간이다. 대상지 배후지역인 정동은 근대 태동기 문물이 도입되는 첨단의 장소였으며 인접한 덕수궁, 성공회성당, 서울시 의회건물도 많은 변화를 거치며 현재에 이르렀다. 본 연구는 역사도시경관 관점으로 광역 분석을 통해 길과 광장의 의미를 고찰했다. 정동과 대상지 주변의 변화와 현황을 분석하고 설계의 주요 개념을 공공성의 회복으로 설정했다. '리-퍼브릭'은 고종이 선포한 대한제국의 이념을 상징하는 중의적 개념이다. 대상지의 공공성을 확보할 수 있는 열림, 연결, 비움으로 설계 키워드로 주요 전략을 수립하여 대안 검토를 통해 8% 경사 광장을 계획했다. 대상지 현황을 반영하여 장애자, 노약자 등 누구나 편하게 접근 가능한 램프 구조로 계획하며 인접 대지와의 자연스러운 연결을 도모했다. 성공회 성당 레벨의 테라스 광장과 보도에서 이어진 주 광장은 계단실 등과 같은 건축물의 신축 없이 완전히 비움으로써 열린 조망을 확보하고 다양한 현대 도시 활동을 담을 수 있도록 계획했다. 설계안은 고종이 지향하던 근대적 민주개념을 현대적으로 재해석한 것으로 장소의 가치를 다시 공공에게 환원하는데 기여하도록 했다. 본 연구는 역사적 배경과 중층의 시간이 쌓인 대상지 설계에 대한 방향성을 제고한다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 인사동 경관을 사회구성론적 관점에서 해석했다. 이는 경관의 가시적인 측면만을 중요시하거나 경관경험에 근거한 주관적 인식을 다루는 기존의 연구와는 달리 경관 변천의 역동적 과정을 보고자 하는 것이다. 그리고 경관을 인간의 사회적 실천을 통해 만들어지고 구성되는 것으로 보는 것이며, 그 과정에서의 사회적 주체의 역할과 경관과의 상호작용을 중요시 다룬다. 선행연구를 통해 볼 때 물리적 환경, 제도, 이미지는 경관 구성의 주요 요소가 된다. 조선조의 관인방과 대사동에서 연유한 '인사동'은 일제 강점기와 전쟁을 거치면서 골동품을 판매하는 전통문화공간이라는 상징적 의미를 획득하였고, 이후 현대적 화랑이 입점하면서 '문화'의 의미가 화장되었다. 아시안 게임, 올림픽, 월드컵 등 국제적 행사 시, 서울의 차별성이 있는 장소로 정비되고 홍보되면서 전통문화의 거리로 공식화되었다. 이는 내부인의 자발적 동기보다는 국가권력적 동기에 의한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그런데 1990년 말 2000년 초 골동품 산업의 쇠락에 대처하기 위해 인사동의 내부인들은 전통문화의 거리라는 이미지를 적극적으로 활용하기 시작했다. 그러나 이는 임대료 상승 및 인사동의 이미지 형성에 기여했던 전통업종과 문화업종이 감소하는 현상으로 이어졌다. 이에 대한 반대급부로 전통문화를 보존하기 위한 노력이 시작되었고 문화지구지정, 지구단위계획 같은 제도를 이끌어냈다. 과거의 경관은 인사동에 '전통'이라는 이미지를 부여했으나, 지금에 와서는 오히려 '전통'이라는 이미지 활용과 유지를 위해 경관이 재구성되고 있다. 현재 우리는 이러한 과정을 거쳐 재구성된 경관을 인사동의 전통경관이라고 보는 것이다. 그리고 이러한 재구성 과정은 여러 행위자들의 역동적 상호작용에 의해 추동되고 있다. 근래 장소마케팅 등 경관과 사회와의 상호작용을 활용하려는 시도가 빈번한 만큼, 경관과 사회적 행위자들의 역학관계에 대한 파악이 필요할 것이다. 더불어 경관이 사회적 변화에 열려 이에 대응하면서 재구성된다는 관점에 대한 이론적 탐구와 구체적 사례 연구를 통한 연구의 심화는 경관을 매체로 다루는 조경 분야에 다양한 실천적 가능성을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2014

This study intends to establish a system to investigate and analyze various impacting factors to Rural Housings such as the relationship of characteristics of Rural Housings located in a Rural Village to the Village and a Unit Housing, to the External and Internal Spaces inside the Unit Housing and the Village, and to Living Characteristics of the Residents and Space from an integrated point of view. The results of this study are largely summarized as following four kinds. Rural Housing Survey System can be largely classified into three stages, and they are a Preliminary Survey, Basic Survey and In-depth Survey. Along with these, the scope of the survey contents can be divided into a survey result by a unit of village, of land, of housing, and of resident's opinion survey. Secondly, the surveys by village unit are on location properties, Village Identity, Street Network, Land Use, Landscape Features and Public Facilities, and consist of Literature, Discussion and Field Survey. Thirdly, the land Unit Surveys are on a Driveway, Gate Location, Housing Placement, Outer Space Design in a Yard and Outer Space Use Characteristics, and consist of Questionnaire and Field Surveys. For the fourth, the Housing Unit Surveys are on an Internal Space Design and Placement, and consist of Questionnaire and Field Surveys. Finally, the Resident Questionnaire Survey consisted of Entire Discussion Survey and a Household one, and then the Entire Survey was on the Village's History, Village's Characteristics, Cultivation Characteristics and Community Activities while an individual one was on Main Living Characteristics, Satisfaction and Utilization Characteristics.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

The Seomoon Bridge, a new planning site, is located in Sangdang-Gu Seomoon-Dong, Chongju and is the oldest bridge built during the rule of Japanese imperialism. As the name implies, Seomoon Bridge is located on the site adjacent to west gate. The Seomoon Bridge is an important bridge as an historical trace of the vanished town of Chongu. However, as new roads and bridges are built, the Seomoon Bridge is losing its functional aspects and has become an area crowed by many street stalls. Closely located newer to Sajic Fountain, the Seomoon Bridge, which has symbolically significant meaning, now faces many problems such as non-practical use of bridge, indifferent management and non-locality, which creates a negative effect on the surrounding cityscape. given this situation, in 2001, 2, Chongju city published an appeal for public subscription of a practical use plan which may design a new, landmark and establish resting spaces for the public. The basic direction of this planning is designed to be place as the symbolic space representing Chongju, and integrated with the surrounding environmental elements such as Moosim-Cheon(stream) and Sajic Fountain, and as a recreational, resting and leisure space of the public. Especially nightscape of the bridge inspires a fresh impact on many people. Because of the widespread influence of developed cities, diverse spaces which already exist or have disappeared may be reclaimed. By establishing appropriate use plans rather than negligence, this project will propose the improved quality of cityscape and show the possibility of bublic´s outdoor living space, and our team will find out the meaning in these approach methods.