• 제목/요약/키워드: Strain Fourier spectrum

검색결과 11건 처리시간 0.028초

수정된 등가선형해석기법의 정확성 평가 (Evaluation of Accuracy of Modified Equivalent Linear Method)

  • 정창균;곽동엽;박두희;김광균
    • 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
    • /
    • 제11권6호
    • /
    • pp.5-20
    • /
    • 2010
  • 1차원 등가선형 지반응답해석은 지반에 의한 지진동의 증폭현상을 모사하는데 널리 사용되고 있다. 등가선형해석은 적은 수의 입력변수를 필요로하므로 사용하기 편리하며 해석 소요시간이 짧다는 장점을 가지고 있는 반면, 시간에 따라서 변화하는 지반의 비선형 거동을 모사할 수 없으며 일정한 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비를 해석 내내 적용하는 선형해석이라는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이와 같은 등가선형해석의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 진동 주파수와 변형률과의 관계를 모사하는 다양한 형태의 수정된 등가선형해석기법들이 개발되었다. 수정된 기법들은 전단변형률 푸리에 스펙트럼을 사용한다는 점에서는 동일하지만, 이로부터 변형률의 주파수 의존도를 정의하는 과정에서는 차이를 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 수정된 등가선형해석기법들의 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 국내에서 조사된 두 개의 토층에서 일련의 비선형, 등가선형, 수정된 등가선형 지반응답해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과, 수정된 등가선형해석기법들은 고주파수 요소를 과대 예측할 수 있으며, 특히 고주파수 요소가 풍부한 인공지진파를 입력 지진파로 사용하였을 경우 비현실적인 응답이 계산될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Adsorption capability of activated carbon synthesized from coconut shell

  • Islam, Md Shariful;Ang, Bee Chin;Gharehkhani, Samira;Afifi, Amalina Binti Muhammad
    • Carbon letters
    • /
    • 제20권
    • /
    • pp.1-9
    • /
    • 2016
  • Activated carbon was synthesized from coconut shells. The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area of the synthesized activated carbon was found to be 1640 m2/g with a pore volume of 1.032 cm3/g. The average pore diameter of the activated carbon was found to be 2.52 nm. By applying the size-strain plot method to the X-ray diffraction data, the crystallite size and the crystal strain was determined to be 42.46 nm and 0.000489897, respectively, which indicate a perfect crystallite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy image showed the presence of well-developed pores on the surface of the activated carbon. The presence of important functional groups was shown by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum. The adsorption of methyl orange onto the activated carbon reached 100% after 12 min. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption of methyl orange solution by the activated carbon followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic mechanism (R2 > 0.995). Therefore, the results show that the produced activated carbon can be used as a proper adsorbent for dye containing effluents.

Guided wave field calculation in anisotropic layered structures using normal mode expansion method

  • Li, Lingfang;Mei, Hanfei;Haider, Mohammad Faisal;Rizos, Dimitris;Xia, Yong;Giurgiutiu, Victor
    • Smart Structures and Systems
    • /
    • 제26권2호
    • /
    • pp.157-174
    • /
    • 2020
  • The guided wave technique is commonly used in structural health monitoring as the guided waves can propagate far in the structures without much energy loss. The guided waves are conventionally generated by the surface-mounted piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS). However, there is still lack of understanding of the wave propagation in layered structures, especially in structures made of anisotropic materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. In this paper, the Rayleigh-Lamb wave strain tuning curves in a PWAS-mounted unidirectional CFRP plate are analytically derived using the normal mode expansion (NME) method. The excitation frequency spectrum is then multiplied by the tuning curves to calculate the frequency response spectrum. The corresponding time domain responses are obtained through the inverse Fourier transform. The theoretical calculations are validated through finite element analysis and an experimental study. The PWAS responses under the free, debonded and bonded CFRP conditions are investigated and compared. The results demonstrate that the amplitude and travelling time of wave packet can be used to evaluate the CFRP bonding conditions. The method can work on a baseline-free manner.

텍스처 분석 알고리즘과 피혁 자동 선별 시스템에의 응용 (Texture Analysis Algorithm and its Application to Leather Automatic Classification Inspection System)

  • 김명재;이명수;권장우;김광섭;길경석
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국해양정보통신학회 2001년도 추계종합학술대회
    • /
    • pp.363-366
    • /
    • 2001
  • 현재 육안에 의한 피혁의 등급 판정 과정은 장시간 시 피로에 의한 일관성 결여로 인해 판정 결과에 대한 신뢰성을 주지 못한다. 따라서 피혁의 품질을 결정하기 위한 객관적인 지표와 이를 기준으로 등급 판정 과정의 자동화가 필요하다. 본 논문에서 적용된 피혁 자동 선별 시스템은 피혁에 대한 정보를 취득하는 과정과 이들 정보로부터 등급을 판정하는 과정으로 구성된다. 피혁의 품질은 조밀도와 결함의 종류 및 분포도와 같은 피혁 정보에 의해 결정된다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 카메라에 의해 획득된 흑백 영상으로부터 피혁의 조밀도 및 결함에 대한 정보를 추출하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 조밀도에 대한 정보는 원 영상을 주파수 영역으로 변환한 후 나타나는 퓨리에 스펙트럼 분포의 특징 값들에 의해서 추출된다. 그리고 결함에 대한 정보는 전처리 과정을 거친 영상으로부터 경계선 검출 후 검색 윈도우를 사용하여 윈도우에 해당하는 픽셀들의 통계적 수치에 의해서 검출된다. 피혁 전체에 대한 정보들은 피혁의 등급을 판정하는 지표로 사용되며 실제 머신 비젼 시스템에 적용된다.

  • PDF

Simulation of Excitation and Propagation of Pico-Second Ultrasound

  • Yang, Seungyong;Kim, Nohyu
    • 비파괴검사학회지
    • /
    • 제34권6호
    • /
    • pp.457-466
    • /
    • 2014
  • This paper presents an analytic and numerical simulation of the generation and propagation of pico-second ultrasound with nano-scale wavelength, enabling the production of bulk waves in thin films. An analytic model of laser-matter interaction and elasto-dynamic wave propagation is introduced to calculate the elastic strain pulse in microstructures. The model includes the laser-pulse absorption on the material surface, heat transfer from a photon to the elastic energy of a phonon, and acoustic wave propagation to formulate the governing equations of ultra-short ultrasound. The excitation and propagation of acoustic pulses produced by ultra-short laser pulses are numerically simulated for an aluminum substrate using the finite-difference method and compared with the analytical solution. Furthermore, Fourier analysis was performed to investigate the frequency spectrum of the simulated elastic wave pulse. It is concluded that a pico-second bulk wave with a very high frequency of up to hundreds of gigahertz is successfully generated in metals using a 100-fs laser pulse and that it can be propagated in the direction of thickness for thickness less than 100 nm.

위전도에서의 위수축 측정방법 : 주파수영역분석 및 벡터분석 (Detection of Gastric Contraction in Electrogastrography: Spectrum Analysis and Vector Analysis)

  • 김인영;한완택
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
    • /
    • 제18권3호
    • /
    • pp.273-283
    • /
    • 1997
  • 위전도는 피부전극을 이용하여 위에서 발생하는 전기신호를 측정하여 위운동 상태를 측정하는 검사방법이다. 여러 연구자들이 위전도를 이용하여 위수축과 관련된 정보를 얻으려고 노력하였지만 아직까지 임상적으로 유용한 정보를 주는 방법을 제시하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위전도신호를 주파수영역 분석 및 벡터분석을 이용하여 위수축을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. Running spectrum analysis를 이용한 주파수영역분석에서는 주주파수와 이의 고조파의 크기변화를 위수축신호(스트레스인게이지신호, 위내압신호)와 비교하였다. 벡터분석에서는 피부전극에서 얻은 위전도신호를 이용하여 위전도벡터를 구한 후, 이 위전도벡터의 분포에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 제시된 방법은 동물실험 및 임상실험을 통하여 그 타당성을 검정하였다. 주파수영역분석에서 위수축이 일어나는 경우 주주파수의 크기에 비해 제1고조파의 크기가 상대적을 증가하는 것을 발견하였다. 위전도 벡터분석에서는 위수축유무에 따라 위전도벡터의 분포가 변함을 알 수 있었으며, 위전도벡터의 분포로부터 계산한 회귀곡선의 기울기 및 회귀곡선에 대한 분산이 위수축유무에 따라 유의한 차이를 가지는 값을 가짐을 알 수 있었다.

  • PDF

Structural and Molecular Characterization of Extracellular Polysaccharides Produced by a New Fungal Strain, Trichoderma erinaceum DG-312

  • JOO JI-HOON;YUN JONG-WON
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제15권6호
    • /
    • pp.1250-1257
    • /
    • 2005
  • Two groups of exopolysaccharides (designated as Fr-I EPS and Fr-II EPS) were isolated from the culture filtrate of new fungal strain Trichoderma erinaceum DG-312 by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The structures of the exopolysaccharides were investigated using gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, GCMS analysis, and NMR. GC analysis indicated that Fr-I EPS was composed of mainly mannose ($78.9\%$) and galactose ($21.1\%$), whereas Fr-II EPS contained mannose ($68.4\%$), galactose ($26.2\%$), and glucose ($5.4\%$). In the anomeric region ($950-700cm_{-1}$) of the FT-IR spectrum, both EPSs exhibited obvious characteristic absorption of $810\;cm_{-1}$, indicating the existence of mannose. The spectra of $\alpha-and\;\beta$-configurations were assigned at 880 and $914\;cm_{-1}$, respectively. The results of GC-MS analyses confirmed that both EPSs were complex heteropolysaccharides with a ($1{\rightarrow}3$)-linked mannan backbone. The C-1 region that appeared in the $^{13}C-NMR$ spectra of these EPSs indicated a typical anomeric carbon signal. The Fr-I EPS showed two anomeric carbon signals at 102.6 and 99.6 ppm, whereas the Fr-II EPS displayed four anomeric carbon signals at 102.5, 99.6, 98.5, and 94.3 ppm. The molecular characteristics of the EPSs were further investigated using a size exclusion chromatography/multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC/MALLS) system. The SEC/MALLS system revealed that the average molar masses of the EPSs were $6.592{\times}10^{4}$ (Fr-I EPS) and $1.920{\times}10^{4}$ (Fr-II EPS) g/mol, and the molecular conformation of both EPSs in aqueous solution was random coils.

Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Released Exopolysaccharide from Potential Probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides LM187

  • Zhang, Qing;Wang, Jie;Sun, Qing;Zhang, Shu-Ming;Sun, Xiang-Yang;Li, Chan-Yuan;Zheng, Miao-Xin;Xiang, Wen-Liang;Tang, Jie
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제31권8호
    • /
    • pp.1144-1153
    • /
    • 2021
  • A released exopolysaccharide (rEPS)-producing strain (LM187) with good acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and cholesterol-lowering properties was isolated from Sichuan paocai and identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. The purified rEPS, designated as rEPS414, had a uniform molecular weight of 7.757 × 105 Da. Analysis of the monosaccharide composition revealed that the molecule was mainly composed of glucose. The Fourier transform-infrared spectrum showed that rEPS414 contained both α-type and β-type glycosidic bonds. 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra analysis showed that the purified rEPS contained arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose, but less uronic acid. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the exopolysaccharide displayed a large number of scattered, fluffy, porous cellular network flake structures. In addition, rEPS414 exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity. These results showed that strain LM187 and its rEPS are promising probiotics with broad prospects in industry.

은 나노입자 합성을 위한 Bacterial Cellulose 생산 세균의 분리 및 특성 (Isolation and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose-Producing Bacteria for Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis)

  • 유지연;장은영;손용준;박수연;손홍주
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
    • /
    • 제46권2호
    • /
    • pp.120-126
    • /
    • 2018
  • 환경친화적으로 항균성이 부여된 상처치료용 BC 드레싱을 개발하기 위한 기초연구로서, 은 이온에 대해 내성이 있으면서 은 나노입자를 생합성할 수 있는 초산균을 분리 및 동정하였다. 나아가 실험균주에 의한 BC 생산 조건을 조사하였다. 부패된 포도껍질로부터 분리된 G7 균주는 0.1 mM $AgNO_3$ 존재 하에서 생육할 수 있었으며, 16S rRNA 유전자의 염기서열 분석에 의거하여 Acetobacter intermdius로 동정되었다. 탄소원으로 2% glucose, 질소원으로 2% yeast extract, 보조탄소원으로 0.115% acetic acid가 함유된 배지에서 BC 생산량이 최대였다. 최적배지에서 생성된 BC의 구조적 특성을 FT-IR 및 XRD를 사용하여 조사한 결과, 생성된 BC는 전형적인 천연 cellulose와 동일한 cellulose I인 것으로 확인되었다. G7 균주를 0.1 mM $AgNO_3$ 가 함유된 최적 배지에서 배양한 결과, 배양액의 색깔이 적갈색으로 변하였으며, 이것은 은 나노입자가 생성되었음을 의미한다. 은 나노입자의 합성유무를 UV-Vis 스펙트럼 분석에 의하여 확인한 바, 425 nm에서 은 나노입자의 고유한 흡수스펙트럼이 관찰되었다. 또한, 생성된 BC를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 표면과 기공에 은 나노입자가 생성되어 있음을 재확인하였다.

Anti-inflammatory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from an enzymatic digest of brown seaweed Sargassum horneri in RAW 264.7 cells

  • Sanjeewa, Kalu Kapuge Asanka;Fernando, Ilekkuttige Priyan Shanura;Kim, Eun-A;Ahn, Ginnae;Jee, Youngheun;Jeon, You-Jin
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • /
    • 제11권1호
    • /
    • pp.3-10
    • /
    • 2017
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sargassum horneri is an edible brown alga that grows in the subtidal zone as an annual species along the coasts of South Korea, China, and Japan. Recently, an extreme amount of S. horneri moved into the coasts of Jeju Island from the east coast of China, which made huge economic and environmental loss to the Jeju Island. Thus, utilization of this biomass becomes a big issue with the local authorities. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of crude polysaccharides (CPs) extracted from S. horneri China strain in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: CPs were precipitated from S. horneri digests prepared by enzyme assistant extraction using four food-grade enzymes (AMG, Celluclast, Viscozyme, and Alcalase). The production levels of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ were measured by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were measured by using western blot. The IR spectrums of the CPs were recorded using a fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrometer. RESULTS: The polysaccharides from the Celluclast enzyme digest (CCP) showed the highest inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells ($IC_{50}$ value: $95.7{\mu}g/mL$). Also, CCP dose-dependently down-regulated the protein expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, compared to the only LPS-treated cells. In addition, CCP inhibited the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p50 and p65 and the phosphorylation of MAPKs, including p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis showed that the FT-IR spectrum of CCP is similar to that of commercial fucoidan. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CCP has anti-inflammatory activities and is a potential candidate for the formulation of a functional food ingredient or/and drug to treat inflammatory diseases.