• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth status, grain yield and quality of the peanut submerged by the flood in grain filling time. The growth status and grain yield of peanut plant after flooding became worse as the flooded day increases and there was remarkable difference in quality between the submerged peanut for just one day and the unsubmerged peanut. For the storage period, the acid value of lipid extracted from submerged peanuts was increased, and the content of linoleic acid of that decreased as the day of submergence became longer. The content of N, P2Of and MgO in peanut plant was increased but the content of K$_2$O was decreased as the submergence duration became longer and the content of soil components were remarkably decreased after submergence. Thus the flooding during the grain filling period caused serious reduction in grain yield and quality of peanut, and more serious reduction was occurred due to longer duration of submergence.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2002

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important public health problem throughout the world. Many important questions remain to be addressed in assessing exposure to these compounds. Because they are ubiquitous and highly volatile, special techniques must be applied in the analytical determination of VOCs. Personal exposure measurements are needed to evaluate the relationship between microenvironmental concentrations and actual exposures. It is also important to investigate exposure frequency, duration, and intensity, as well as personal exposure characteristics. In addition to air monitoring, biological monitoring may contribute significantly to risk assessment by allowing estimation of absorbed doses, rather than just the external exposure concentrations, which are evaluated by environmental and personal monitoring. This study was conducted to establish the analytic procedure of VOCs in air, blood, urine and exhaled breath and to evaluate the relationships among these environmental media. The subjects of this study were selected because they are occupationally exposed to high levels of VOCs. Environmental, personal, blood, urine and exhalation samples were collected. Purge ＆ trap, thermal desorber, gas chromatography and mass selective detector were used to analyze the collected samples. Analytical procedures were validated with the“break through test”, 'quot;recovery test for storage and transportation”,“method detection limit test”and“inter-laboratory QA/QC study”. Assessment of halogenated compounds indicted that they were significantly correlated to each other (p value < 0.01). In a similar manner, aromatic compounds were also correlated, except in urine sample. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationships between personal exposures and environmental concentrations. These relationships for aromatic and halogenated are as follows: Halogen $s_{personal}$ = 3.875+0.068Halogen $s_{environmet}$, ($R^2$= .930) Aromatic $s_{personal}$ = 34217.757-31.266Aromatic $s_{environmet}$, ($R^2$= .821) Multiple regression was used to evaluate the relationship between exposures and various exposure deter-minants including, gender, duration of employment, and smoking history. The results of the regression model-ins for halogens in blood and aromatics in urine are as follows: Halogen $s_{blood}$ = 8.181+0.246Halogen $s_{personal}$+3.975Gender ($R^2$= .925), Aromatic $s_{urine}$ = 249.565+0.135Aromatic $s_{personal}$ -5.651 D.S ($R^2$ = .735), In conclusion, we have established analytic procedures for VOC measurement in biological and environmental samples and have presented data demonstrating relationships between VOCs levels in biological media and environmental samples. Abbreviation GC/MS, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer; VOCs, Volatile Organic Compounds; OVM, Organic Vapor Monitor; TO, Toxic Organicsapor Monitor; TO, Toxic Organics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5227-5237
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• 2011

Technology roadmap is a powerful tool that considers relationships of technology, product and market and referred as a supporting technology strategy and planning. There are numerous studies that have attempted to develop technology roadmap and case studies on specific technology areas. However, a number of studies have been dependant on brainstorming and discussion of expert group, delphi technique as qualitative analysis rather than systemic and quantitative analysis. To overcome the limitation, patent analysis considered as quite quantitative analysis is employed in this paper. Therefore, this paper proposes new technology roadmapping based on patent citation network considering technology life cycle and suggests planning for undeveloped technology but considered as promising. At first, patent data and citation information are collected and patent citation network is developed on the basis of collected patent information. Secondly, we investigate a stage of technology in the life cycle by considering patent application year and the technology life cycle, and duration of technology development is estimated. In addition, subsequent technologies are grouped as nodes of a super-level technology to show the evolution of the technology for the period. Finally, a technology roadmap is drawn by linking these technology nodes in a technology layer and estimating the duration of development time. Based on technology roadmap, technology planning is conducted to identify undeveloped technology through text mining and this paper suggests characteristics of technology that needs to be developed in the future. In order to illustrate the process of the proposed approach, technology for hydrogen storage is selected in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.481-489
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• 2007

Present experiments are conducted to study the seed viability and optimum germination temperature of Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum that is known to have low germination ability and long germination duration. To enhance germination rate, various growth regulators and inorganic salts were employed. Low germination rate was obtained with 4 year old seeds, but not with $1{\sim}2$ year old seeds. The seeds germinated very well under $22{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and germinated speed was rapid. Especially, $1{\sim}2$ year old seeds germinated at $25^{\circ}C$ showed $70{\sim}71.2%$ germination rate. Priming treatments using $GA_3$, IAA, NAA, kinetin, $KNO_3$, $KH_2PO_4$, $Ca(NO_3)_2$ were effective compared to control except BA. 1 year old seeds treated with $GA_3$ 0.5 mM and IAA 1 mM showed 96% and 93% germination rate, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1994

Sweet corn hybrid GCB 70 and super sweet corn hybrid NES were cultivated at vinyl tunnel in 1991 to determine the physiologically optimum harvest time for higher eating quality and sugar contnent of kernel by eat parts after silking and stored in refrigerator of 4$^{\circ}C$ and in the air. The development of ear increased continuously from silking to 30th day after silking, and sugar content was the hightest on 15th day after silking. The physiologically optimum harvest time for GCB 70 and NES was about 15~20th day and 20~25th day after silking, respectively. The sugar content of kernel by ear parts for two hybrids were high in order of basal, middle and top parts of the ear and showed significant differences among the parts of the ear. Changes of total sugar content during the storing period at 4$^{\circ}C$ for NES was almost the same by 9th day, but for GCB 70 rapidly decreased from 3rd day. The content of sucrose, glucose and fructose in super sweet corn NES were much higher than those of sweet corn GCB 70, but the maltose content of NES was lower than that of GCB 70.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.312-321
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• 2018

The Korean DR market proposes suppression of peak demand under reliability crisis caused a natural disaster or unexpected power plant accidents as well as saving power plant construction costs and expanding amount of reserve as utility's perspective. End-user is notified a DR event signal DR execution before one hour, and executes DR based on requested amount of load reduction. This paper proposes a DR energy management algorithm that can be scheduled the optimal operations of chiller system and ESS in the next day considering the TOU tariff and DR scheme. In this DR algorithm is divided into two scheduling's; day-ahead operation scheduling with temperature forecasting error and operation rescheduling on DR operation. In day-ahead operation scheduling, the operations of DR resources are scheduled based on the finite number of ambient temperature scenarios, which have been generated based on the historical ambient temperature data. As well as, the uncertainties in DR event including requested amount of load reduction and specified DR duration are also considered as scenarios. Also, operation rescheduling on DR operation day is proposed to ensure thermal comfort and the benefit of a COB owner. The proposed method minimizes the expected energy cost by a mixed integer linear programming (MILP).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 1995

Studies were carried out to elucidate the efficacy of exogeneous 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment on terminating pupal diapause in the fall webworm. Hyphantria cunea Drury. And the difference was also investigated between normal adult development and post-diapause development after 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment. In the diapause termination rate of pupae treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone after storage for various periods at 16L:8D and $25\pm$$1^{\circ}C$, at the highest rate was observed from the group stored for the longest period and the lowest rate from those stored for 1.5 months. The time needed for adult emergence was inversely proportional to the chilling (at $0\pm$$1^{\circ}C$) period, and the longer its exposure period at low temperature, the higher its sensitivity to 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment. Pupal diapause duration was almost the same, regardless of storage period in the total darkness or at the photoperiod of 16L:8D, and also they successfully emerged to adult even without any experience at low temperature. The oxygen consumption rate in normally developing pupae showed nearly a typical U-form. But, that of diapausing pupae treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone slowly increased and jumped 14 days after the treatment. Pupal diapause began before formation of adult tissues, an a timing of adult tissue formation coincided with ascending timing of the metabolic rate in both normally developing pupae and diapausing pupae treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone. The diapausing pupae treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone was similar to normally developing pupae in band patterns of proteins from haemolymph or fat body.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1996

Oriental melon and watermelon plants were cultivated in the soil treated with bioceramics in a greenhouse during summer season from June 1st to August 20th, 1995. Two application methods were employed, one was a mixed treatment of soil and bioceramics, and the other was a spray treatment of bioceramic solution on the stems and leaves. And two types of bioceramics were also stopped by five levels. In order to analyze the bioceramic effect on oriental melon and watermelon, the growth rate of stems, leaves and fruits were measured in the greenhouse. After harvest, the sweetness of fruits was measured and the freshness of fruits based on the storage period was tested by human taste and smell sense. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The growth rates of stems, leaves and fruits of oriental melon and watermelon were the largest in the bioceramic treatment of No. 3. 2. The density of oriental melon and watermelon was the largest in the bioceramic treatment of No. 3 and No. 2 respectively. 3. The Brix number of watermelon was 10.6 in non-bioceramic treatment and 11.5 in the bioceramic treatment of No. 2, and that of oriental melon was 8.6 in non-bioceramic treatment and 12.3 in the bioceramic treatment of No. 2. 4. The storage duration of watermelon treated with bioceramics was about 50 days in the condition of the ambient temperature of 25-3$0^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.432-438
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combinations of $NaNO_2$ and NaCl concentrations on Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) growth in emulsion-type sausage. Methods: Emulsion-type sausages formulated with different combinations of $NaNO_2$ (0 and 10 ppm) and NaCl (1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50%) were inoculated with a five-strain L. monocytogenes mixture, and stored at $4^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, and $15^{\circ}C$, under aerobic or vacuum conditions. L. monocytogenes cell counts were measured at appropriate intervals, and kinetic parameters such as growth rate and lag phase duration (LPD) were calculated using the modified Gompertz model. Results: Growth rates increased (0.004 to 0.079 Log colony-forming unit [CFU]/g/h) as storage temperature increased, but LPD decreased (445.11 to 8.35 h) as storage temperature and NaCl concentration increased. The effect of combinations of NaCl and low-$NaNO_2$ on L. monocytogenes growth was not observed at $4^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, but it was observed at $15^{\circ}C$, regardless of atmospheric conditions. Conclusion: These results indicate that low concentrations of $NaNO_2$ and NaCl in emulsion-type sausage may not be sufficient to prevent L. monocytogenes growth, regardless of whether they are vacuum-packaged and stored at low temperatures. Therefore, additional techniques are necessary for L. monocytogenes control in the product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : High-speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV) is the only technique that captures the true intra-cycle vibratory behavior of the vocal folds by capturing full images of the vocal folds. However, it has problems of no immediate feedback during examination, considerable waiting time for digital kymography (DKG), recording duration limited to a few seconds, and extreme demands for storage space. Herein, we demonstrate a new post-processing method that converts HSV images to two-dimensional digital kymography (2D-DKG) images, which adopts the algorithm of 2D videokymography (2D VKG). Materials and Methods : HSV system was used to capture images of vocal folds. HSV images were post-processed in Kay image-process software (KIPS), and conventional DKG images were retrieved. Custom-made post-processing system was used to convert HSV images to 2D-DKG images. The quantitative parameters of the post-processed 2D-DKG images was validated by comparing these parameters with those of the DKG images. Results : Serial HSV images for all phases of vocal fold vibratory movement are included. The images were converted by the scanning method using U-medical image-process software. Similar to conventional DKG, post-processed 2D DKG image from the HSV image can provide quantitative information on vocal fold mucosa vibration, including the various vibratory phases. Differences in amplitude symmetry index, phase symmetry index, open quotient, and close quotient between 2D-DKG and DKG were analyzed. There were no statistical differences between the quantitative parameters of vocal fold vibratory movement in 2D-DKG and DKG. Conclusion : The post-processing method of converting HSV images to 2D DKG images could provide clinical information and storage economy.