• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2022

In the present study, we investigated the effects of recombinant eel gonadotropins (rec-GTHs) on maturation induction in immature ovarian culture in vitro and sex steroid hormones in vivo in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. To study the in vitro effects of rec-GTHs on estradiol-17β (E2) production in immature ovarian tissues, ovarian tissues were incubated with different doses of rec-follicle-stimulating hormone (rec-FSH) or rec-luteinizing hormone (rec-LH). The results revealed that the E2 levels in the rec-FSH (0.1, 0.5, or 1 ㎍/mL)- and rec-LH (0.1 or 0.5 ㎍/mL)-treated groups were significantly higher than those in the female eels from the control group. Furthermore, to investigate the in vivo effects of rec-GTHs on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma sex steroid hormone levels, the eels were injected intraperitoneally with eel's ringer (control), salmon pituitary extract (SPE; for female eels), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; for male eels), rec-FSH, rec-LH, and rec-FSH + rec-LH once a week. The results revealed that except for the SPE and the hCG groups, none of the groups exhibited a significant difference in GSI values. However, in vivo plasma E2 levels increased at the end of 4 weeks after rec-FSH treatment in female eels. Based on these results, it is suggested that rec-GTHs may have a positive effect on sexual maturation in female eels; however, further studies on complementary rec-protein production systems and additional glycosylation of rec-hormones are needed to elucidate hormone bioactivity in vivo and in vitro.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 1987

The present investigation has been undertaken to understand the mechanism of implantation process, by demonstrating the role of ovarian steroids in the differentiation of uterine endometrium for implantation. In particular, an attempt was made to examine the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the either luminal, stroma or endometrium tissue sites under the pseudopregnant state induced by ovarian steroid hormones. Attempt was also made to demonstrate the correlate function of ovarian steroids with the cAMP concentration and prolactin level. The higher activity of ALP in the uterine endometrium was observed on day 3. However, the higher activity of ALP in the stroma and epithelium was observed on Day 6. This study, therefore, clearly demonstrates that progesterone is consecutive effect in stroma differ entiation. The cAMP concentrations on Day 3 treated with E or P was lower than those of control. On the other hand concentration on Day 6 treated with hormones was increased than those of control. It is, therefore, concluded that the concentration of cAMP in the uterine tissue undergoing differentiation is decreased. The prolactin level of the treated groups was the lower levels than those of the control groups. It is indicated that there is no effect of ovarian steroid hormone on the prolactin synthesis in this pseudopregnant state.

• Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.140-155
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• 2016

Sex steroids influence the maintenance and growth of muscles. Decline in androgens, estrogens and progesterone by aging leads to the loss of muscular function and mass, sarcopenia. These steroid hormones can interact with different signaling pathways through their receptors. To date, sex steroid hormone receptors and their exact roles are not completely defined in skeletal and smooth muscles. Although numerous studies focused on the effects of sex steroid hormones on different types of cells, still many unexplained molecular mechanisms in both skeletal and smooth muscle cells remain to be investigated. In this paper, many different molecular mechanisms that are activated or inhibited by sex steroids and those that influence the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of skeletal and smooth muscle cells are reviewed. Also, the similarities of cellular and molecular pathways of androgens, estrogens and progesterone in both skeletal and smooth muscle cells are highlighted. The reviewed signaling pathways and participating molecules can be targeted in the future development of novel therapeutics.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Eleven steroid hormones (SHs: androstene-3,17-dione, estrone, ${\beta}$-estradiol, ${\alpha}$-estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, $17{\acute{a}}$-hydroxyprogesterone, medroxyprogesterone, megestrol acetate, progesterone, and androsterone) were detected from New Zealand deer (Cervus elaphus var. scoticus) velvet antler (NZA, 鹿茸 ). A method for the quantification of eleven SHs was established by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS. The linearities ($R^2$ > 0.991), limits of quantification (LOQ values, 0.3 ng/mL to 23.1 ng/mL), intraday and interday precisions (relative standard deviation: RSD < 2.43%), and recovery rates (97.3% to 104.6%) for all eleven SHs were determined. In addition, a method for the quantification of three 7-oxycholesterols (7-O-CSs: 7-ketocholesterol, $7{\alpha}$-hydroxycholesterol, and $7{\beta}$-hydroxycholesterol) in the NZA was established by using an HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) method. The linearities ($R^2$ > 0.999), LOQ values (30 ng/mL to 350 ng/mL), intraday and interday precisions (RSD < 1.93%), and recovery rates (97.2% to 103.5%) for the three 7-O-CSs were determined. These quantitative methods are accurate, precise, and reproducible. As a result, it is suggested that the five steroid compounds of androstene-3,17-dione, androsterone, 7-ketocholesterol, $7{\alpha}$-hydroxycholesterol, and $7{\beta}$-hydroxycholesterol could be marker steroids of NZA. These methods can be applied to quantify or standardize the marker steroids present in NZA.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2015

We investigated the differences in the expression of the neurohormones kisspeptin (Kiss) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), gonadotropin hormones (GTHs), and sex steroids in the goldfish Carassius auratus exposed to light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The expression levels of Kiss1, Kiss2, G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), GTHs, GnIH, and P450arom were compared between the control (white light) and LED-treated goldfish. Furthermore, we measured the plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The levels of Kiss1 mRNA and protein; Kiss2, GPR54, and $GTH{\alpha}$ protein; GTH mRNA; and plasma FSH and LH in the hypothalamus and cultured hypothalamus cells were significantly higher in the green and purple LED treatment groups than in the other groups. These results suggested that red LEDs inhibit the sex maturation hormones, Kiss, GPR54, GTHs, and P450arom, and that GnIH plays a role in the negative regulation of reproductive function in goldfish.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2011

Growth hormone (GH) is obligatory for growth and development. But, there is controversy on the GH effect about reproductive processes of sexual differentiation, pubertal maturation, gonadal steroidogenesis, gametogenesis and ovulation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of GH on estrus, ovulation and embryo implantation. The results obtained were as follows. GH stimulated to increase estrus rate (p<0.05), pregnancy rate (p<0.05), and total fetus number in mice treated for superovulation. Also, the correlation between GH and steroids, E2 and P4, at peri-estrus stage/ peri-ovulation stage/ peri-implantation stage of the superovulation-induced mice was examined. Consequently, GH co-injected with PMSG especially increased P4 level (p<0.05) at peri-estrus stage of superovulationinduced mice. In conclusion, GH co-treatment in superovulation system boosted the rate of estrus, pregnancy and total fetus by increasing progesterone level at peri-estrus stage of superovulation-induced mice.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.87-116
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• 2014

이글은 불법적 호르몬 약물 소비행위라는 다소 이질적인 형태의 약물화(pharmaceuticalization) 현상에 주목한다. 운동선수들에게 아나볼릭스테로이드와 같은 호르몬 약물의 사용은 더 이상 생소한 일이 아니다. 거대한 근육을 획득하거나 힘을 증가시키기기 위해 운동선수들이 합성호르몬을 자신들만의 방식으로 사용하고 있다. 이러한 약물 사용 행위는 단순히 불법적인 것으로 볼 수 없다. 이들은 내분비계 전문의와 같은 의료전문가들과 대조되는 약물에 대한 지식을 형성하고, 합리적으로 약물을 소비한다. 의사들이 합성호르몬의 역할을 치료(treatment)에 한정지었다면, 약물 사용자들은 향상(enhancement)까지 확장시키고 있다. 합성호르몬의 새로운 역할에 가치가 부여되고 비공식적인 시장이 형성되고 있는 것이다. 이글은 생명정치와 생의료화의 비공식적인 현상으로 호르몬 약물 사용을 분석하고자 한다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.240-240
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• 2004

The modification of in vitro maturation (IVM) conditions should be required to efficient production of matured porcine oocyte in vitro. Estradiol-17β (E₂) as steroid hormone exists in ovarian follicular fluid and plays a major role in ovulation. It has been reported that estradiol as well as other steroids are involved in keeping the oocytes in meiotic arrest. (omitted)

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods have been used extensively in clinical steroid analyses. Evaluating the metabolic ratios of precursors to products by accurate quantification of individual steroid levels in biological samples can reveal the activities of enzymes associated with steroid metabolism. This review article discusses the impact of GC-MS-based steroid profiling on our understanding of the biochemical role of steroids and their metabolic enzymes in hormone-dependent diseases, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), cortisol-mediated hypertension, apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME), male-pattern baldness, and breast and thyroid cancers. Steroid profiling is a comprehensive analytical technique that can be applied whenever the highest specificity is required and may be a reasonable initial diagnostic approach.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.155-168
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• 1999

Osteoporosis is one of the most important public health problems facing the aging population. Drug therapy for osteoporosis can be divided operationally into two main categories: drugs that inhibit bone resorption, and thus reduce bone turnover, and those that stimulate bone formation, exerting an anabolic effect. Antiresorptive agents such as estrogens, calcitonin, and bisphosphonates are most effective in the prevention of osteoporosis. Formation-stimulating agents such as sodium fluoride or monofluorophosphate, parathyroid hormone fragments, and anabolic steroids are of potential value in the treatment of established osteoporosis, where bone mass is already low and benefit from antiresorptive drugs is likely to be small Recently, raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has become available in various countries for clinical use in the treatment of involutional osteoporsis. This paper will review the use of these drugs in postmenopausal woman.