Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia

The Korean Society of Osteoporosis (대한골다공증학회)
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The role of sex steroid hormones in the pathophysiology and treatment of sarcopenia

  • Kim, Yong Jin (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital) ;
  • Tamadon, Amin (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Hyun Tae (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hoon (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Ku, Seung-Yup (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2016.04.18
  • Accepted : 2016.06.17
  • Published : 2016.09.30
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Abstract

Sex steroids influence the maintenance and growth of muscles. Decline in androgens, estrogens and progesterone by aging leads to the loss of muscular function and mass, sarcopenia. These steroid hormones can interact with different signaling pathways through their receptors. To date, sex steroid hormone receptors and their exact roles are not completely defined in skeletal and smooth muscles. Although numerous studies focused on the effects of sex steroid hormones on different types of cells, still many unexplained molecular mechanisms in both skeletal and smooth muscle cells remain to be investigated. In this paper, many different molecular mechanisms that are activated or inhibited by sex steroids and those that influence the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of skeletal and smooth muscle cells are reviewed. Also, the similarities of cellular and molecular pathways of androgens, estrogens and progesterone in both skeletal and smooth muscle cells are highlighted. The reviewed signaling pathways and participating molecules can be targeted in the future development of novel therapeutics.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)

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