• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2016

The health effects of environmental and occupational exposure to steady magnetic fields is a matter of concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematologic effects of exposure to steady magnetic fields at the electrolysis unit of a Copper complex. The population under study was the workers of the electrolysis unit of the copper refinery. The average steady magnetic field in the exposure group was 2.5 mT. The blood indices of workers exposure to steady magnetic fields after adjusting for confounders showed decreased white blood cells (except neutrophils) and increase in the number and volume of platelets. Red blood cells did not show any significant difference. Exposure to steady magnetic fields even in proposed safe limits may have hematologic effects on humans. There is a necessity for more research about the safe doses of exposure to magnetic fields.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.463-469
• /
• 1995

The point-kinetics reactor system which is subject to feedback effects may have multiple steady-state solutions for some operating conditions. A necessary and sufficient condition for multiple steady-state solutions of the point-kinetics reactor feedback system for an external input reactivity is obtained through their theoretical approach. If and only if the steady-state feedback reactivity of the reactor system is not strictly monotonic on some values of the feedback variables, then the reactor system has multiple steady-state solutions for the equilibrium operating conditions corresponding to the values of the feedback variables. Also, if and only if the steady--state feedback reactivity is strictly monotonic on all the feedback variables, then the reactor system has only one steady-state solution for all the operating conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 1997

The steady drift forces on a barge in waves are investigated. The steady drift forces due to a near-field method which is based on direct integration of the pressure acting on the submerged surface of barge are compared with those due to far-field method which is based on the theory of momentum conservation. Numerical results of the linear motions are compared with the experimental and numercal ones which was submitted in the literature. A convergence of the steady drift forces according to the increase of the number of panels which represent the submerged surface are discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.1827-1840
• /
• 2013

This paper is concerned with the positive steady states of a diffusive Holling type II predator-prey system, in which two predators and one prey are involved. Under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, the local and global asymptotic stability of the spatially homogeneous positive steady state are discussed. Moreover, the large diffusion of predator is considered by proving the nonexistence of non-constant positive steady states, which gives some descriptions of the effect of diffusion on the pattern formation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 1993

This paper presents a class of Bayes estimation of component steady-state availability . Throughout this paper, we will denote the mean time between failure and the mean time between repair by MTBF and MTBR respectively. In section 2 , we investigated Bayes estimation of the steady-state availability for noninformative prior density function and in section 3, we compute Bayes estimation for conjugate prior density function.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.8
• /
• pp.534-539
• /
• 1988

The dynamic chatacteristics and stability including steady state characteristic of the currentfed DC-to-DC converter with multiouput, which has a considerable advantage about the multioutut circuit,are analyzed in this paper. It is performed by using the steady state averaging method. As result, we know that the error, which is caused by secondary winding resistance of the transformer, exists between the two outputs in the steady state characteristics. Furthemore, it is verified that the current-fed DC-to-DC converter has also excellent stability in the multioutput application.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1989.10a
• /
• pp.473-476
• /
• 1989

Quadratic weighting matrices have an effect on the transition and steady state responses in a LQ tracking problem. They are usually decided on trial and error in order to get a good response. In this paper a method is presented which calculates a steady - state deviation without solving Riccati equation. By using this method, a new procedure for selecting the weighting matrices is proposed when a tolerance on the steady - state deviation is given.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.555-564
• /
• 1997

Uncertainty, which arises when little information is revealed, can be represented by a non-additive probability, while risk is described by an additive one. This paper demonstrates that in the presence of uncertainty a steady state probability exists, which implies that we can estimate an average over a long period even under uncertainty. It is also shown that the steady state probability may not be unique in the presence of uncertainty. This implies that the estimated average under uncertainty is less accurate than under risk.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.957-968
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of hydraulic behavior of the natural channel flow according to the temporal classification mode, and thus propose the hydraulic analysis method for future channel design. For analysis, the temporal flow characteristics of the channel section was divided into the steady flow and the unsteady flow. For hydraulic analysis, the HEC-RAS model, which is a one-dimensional numerical analysis model, and the SMS-RAM2 model, which is a two-dimensional model, were used and the factors used for analysis of hydraulic characteristics were flood elevation and flow rate. The flow state was analyzed on the basis of the one-dimensional steady flow and unsteady flow for review. In the unsteady flow analysis the flow rate changed by $(-)0.16%{\sim}(+)0.26%$, and the flood elevation varied by $(-)0.35%{\sim}(+)0.51%$ as compared to the values in the steady flow analysis. Given these results, in the one-dimensional flow analysis based on the unsteady flow the flood elevation and flow rate were greater than when the analysis was done on the basis of the steady flow. The flow state was analyzed on the basis of the two-dimensional steady flow and unsteady flow. In the unsteady flow analysis the flow rate varied by $(-)0.16%{\sim}(+)1.08%$, and the flood elevation changed by $(-)0.24%{\sim}(+)0.41%$ as compared to the values in the steady flow analysis. Given these analysis results, in the two dimensional flow analysis based on the unsteady flow, the flood elevation and flow rate were greater than when the analysis was done on the basis of the steady flow.

• Journal of Drive and Control
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2016

The performance characteristics of a dynamic control system are evaluated according to the transient and steady-state responses. The transient performance is the controllability of the output for the tracking of the reference or the ability to reduce or reject the effects of unwanted disturbances; alternatively, the steady-state performance is represented by the magnitude of the control error at the steady state. As the effects of the two performances on each other are reciprocal, a controller design that shows a zero steady-state error for the ramp input is uncommon because of the challenge regarding the achievement of an acceptable transient response. This paper proposes a PI+double-integral controller for the elimination of the steady-state error for the ramp input while a sound transient performance is maintained. The control-gain design procedure is described by the second-order response for the step input and the response of the error dynamics for the ramp input. The PI+double-integral controller is designed for the first-order transfer function that is derived from a system identification with the open-loop experiment data of the dc-motor. The simple structure of the proposed controller enables the adoption of a low-end microcontroller for the implementation of a real-time control. The experiment results show that the control performance is as effective as that of the simulation analysis for the operating point of linear system; furthermore, the PI+double-integral controller can be conveniently applied to the control system, which is desirable for the improvement of the steady-state error.