• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2010

Pediococcus pentosaceus SA131 was isolated from jeotgal, is the bacteriocin producer against bovine mastitis pathogens, Streptococcus uberis E290, Enterococcus gallinarum E362, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. The medium composition for pediocin SA131 production by P. pentosaceus SA131 was optimized using response surface methodology. Component of medium was studied as carbon source (glucose, fructose, lactose, glycerol, sucrose, maltose, and mannitol), nitrogen source (beef extract, yeast extract, peptone, malt extract, and tryptone), mineral and surfactant ($MgSO_4$, $KH_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $MnSO_4$, NaCl, sodium acetate, and Tween 80). Through one factor-at-a-time experiment, glucose, fructose, yeast extract, malt extract, NaCl, $MgSO_4$, and Tween 80 were determined as the good ingredient. The effects of major factors for pediocin SA131 production were investigated by two-level fractional factorial designs (FFD). By a $2^4$ FFD, fructose, yeast extract, and $MnSO_4$ were found to be the important factors for the bacteriocin production. Subsequently, a $2^3$ central composite design (CCD) was adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation medium. The estimated optimum composition for the production of pediocin SA131 by P. pentosaceus SA131 was as follows; 0.13% fructose, 1% glucose, 1.8% yeast extract, 2.58% $MnSO_4$, 0.2% NaCl, and 0.2% Tween 80. The pediocin production under optimized medium was increased to 1,000 AU/mL, compared to the 400 AU/mL in MRS medium.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2010

Survey the intake of carbonated beverage and the perception of carbonated beverage was conducted with 422 middle school students in Daegu area to clarify attitudes toward carbonated beverages and their consumption in adolescents. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS version 12.0. Of all subjects, 31.3% preferred carbonated beverage among all beverages consumed, and preference for flavored carbonated beverage was highest (42.2%). Students who liked to drink carbonated beverage spent more money in snacks out of their allowance; frequency of carbonated beverage consumption correlated with amount of allowance (p<0.05). Carbonated beverage was mainly consumed with fast-food (61.5%), and 53.3% of the students purchased the beverages at supermarket. The majority of middle school students (30.4%) drank carbonated beverage more than 3~5 times a week, which was high frequency of carbonated beverage consumption. Preference and consumption frequency beverages differed significantly with knowledge level (p<0.01). Of the subjects, 73.2% drank carbonated beverage without checking nutrient contents, and those with low knowledge level of carbonated beverage neither read the label on nutrients nor were interested in nutrition education (p<0.05). The results underscore the need to provide systematic nutrition education at home and in school to prevent excessive intake of carbonated beverage and to help adolescents choose healthy beverage during a time in life when growth is especially prominent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4927-4934
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of BLS education program in middle school students and their retention period. The participants were 70 middle school students in D와 Y middle school in D city. Data were collected from 16th July to 26th November in 2012. Students were tested for their knowledge, attitude before, immediately after, 8 weeks after, 16 weeks after BLS eduction. Data were analyzed frequency, percentage, $x^2$-test, t-test and repeated measured ANOVA using SPSS/PC 21.0 statistical program. Knowledge, attitude, performance ability were significantly increased experimental group compared to control group. Knowledge and attitude 8 weeks after, and performance ability were significantly decreased compared to 8 weeks after. And Knowledge, attitude, and performance ability were significant decreased among groups. Therefore, to maintain the knowledge attitude and skills of BLS, appropriate renewal time are necessary in regular school health curriculum.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2023

Background: Injury is one of the major health problems in South Korea. Few studies have evaluated both intentional and unintentional injury when investigating the association between exposure to air pollutants and injury. Objectives: We aimed to explore the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and years of life lost (YLLs) due to injury. Methods: Data on daily YLLs for 2002~2019 were obtained from the the Death Statistics Database of the Korean National Statistical Office. This study estimated short-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 ㎛ (PM₁₀), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 ㎛ (PM_2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃). This time series study was conducted using a generalized additive model (GAM) assuming a Gaussian distribution. We also evaluated a delayed effect of ambient air pollution by constructing a lag structure up to seven days. The best-fitting lag was selected based on smallest generalized cross validation (GCV) value. To explore effect modification by intentionality of injury (i.e., intentional injury [self-harm, assault] and unintentional injury), we conducted stratified subgroup analyses. Additionally, we stratified unintentional injury by mechanism (traffic accident, fall, etc.). Results: During the study period, the average daily YLLs due to injury was 307.5 years. In the intentional injury, YLLs due to self-harm and assault showed positive association with air pollutants. In the unintentional injury, YLLs due to fall, electric current, fire and poisoning showed positive association with air pollutants, whereas YLLs due to traffic accident, mechanical force and drowning/submersion showed negative associations with air pollutants. Conclusions: Injury is recognized as preventable, and effective strategies to create a safe society are important. Therefore, we need to establish strategies to prevent injury and consider air pollutants in this regard.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-77
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• 2017

Measurement of quality of life is a concept studied in the field of administration, economy and society. And It is a standard of measuring performance of government. Recently, in governments and global society, QoL (Quality of life) index is used to reflect overall development degree. National policy and service effectiveness measurement using QoL index is more persuasive when it is combined with 'Bottom-Up Spillover Theory'. This study applied "National Quality of Life Index", the object QoL index used by National Statistical Office to see if the library service is recognized to actually have influence on the quality of life, and furthermore, see the difference of quality of life improvement recognition by user and quality of life improvement degree recognized by the librarian. "Recognition regarding shortage of time" was the highest index, and "concentration of fine dust" was the lowest. Regarding the recognition difference between librarian and user, it showed signifiant difference in 13 index, while the recognition difference by gender showed difference in 5 index, difference by age was 23, difference by residence was 14, and difference by number of visits to library was 9.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.1 s.73
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• pp.85-98
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to make it clear that the influence the adults' work-family conflicts affect the family life satisfaction and the work life satisfaction of theirs, according to the personal backgrounds (sex, age, monthly income and whether the person works S days a week or not). The target group of this study is the selected 754 adults who are married with children that are in the employ of the various companies in Seoul and Incheon. The picked data are analyzed to factor analysis, frequencies, means, One-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis etc..using Spss 11.5 version statistical program. Following is the result of the study: First, the level of work-family conflicts have been shown to be different as the result of verification by sex, age, monthly income and the type of duty(whether working 5days a week or not) out of the personal variables. The study shows that the level of work-family conflicts is different by the subordinate variables of work-family conflicts as the results of male and female comparison. And the older the age, the higher the level of family conflicts.'rho study shows that The level of the places of work conflicts is the highest in the 30s. The smaller monthly income, the higher the level of work-family conflicts. The study shows that the level of family conflicts is high in working 6days a week and the level of work conflicts is high in working 5days a week. Second, such factors for conflicts at home as family support, family expectations and financial difficulties affect the level of satisfaction at work, while such personal backgrounds as monthly pay, kinds of work and age level also play a role. At the same time, satisfaction in family life is influenced by such factors for conflicts at the places of work as support, involvement, expectations and work-overload at the places of work, with such personal backgrounds as monthly pay, age and sex compounding the impact. On the point how much conflicts at work and home affect the satisfaction at home, work and leisure, the study shows that family life does not have noticeable influence in the level of satisfaction at the places of work, whereas situations at the place of work have significant impact on the level of satisfaction in family lives. In other words, the lesser conflicts the work situations cause to family lives, the greater the level of satisfaction at work, home and at leisure.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.627-638
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• 1997

Most patients having leukemia suffer severely from emotional turmoil due to the generalized perception that cancer will be fatal. The conventional chemotherapy results in side effects such as severe bone marrow depression which interfere with self-care management, vital for improvement in their condition. Bandura's theory of the self-efficacy suggests that self- efficacy can be enforced by performance attainments, vicarious experiences, verbal per-suasion and the release of emotional arousal. Self-efficacy can be enforced by a program of vicarious experiences and verbal persuasion, while the emotional arousal can be relieved through a hope promotion program, If once self-efficacy increases, the patient's self-care behaviors and the quality of life will also increase. The purpose of this study was to empirically test the effects of a program, to promote self-efficacy and hope, on self-care behaviors and quality of life in patients having leukemia. In this study, three types of approaches to enhance self-efficacy and hope were used : 1) a 20-minute long slide /tape for vacarious experiences : 2) a 10-minute long telephone call coaching for verbal persuasion ; and 3) two booklets for information about the symptoms of leukemia and treatment modalities and hope promotion. Thirty one patients were recruited in the experimental group and 29 in the control group with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest design. The subjects were patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Sherer and Maddux's self-efficacy scale, Nowotny's hope scale, and Padilla's quality of life scale were employed with some modifications. A self-care behavior scale was developed by the researchers. Statistical analyses including paired t-test, Chi-square, ANCOVA and ANOVA, were used. The results are as follows : The levels of self-efficacy, self-care behavior and quality of life were higher in the experimental group than in the control group after four weeks of intervention(F=28.71, P=.0001 ; F=63.35, P=.0001 F=16.57, P=.0001). After ten weeks of intervention, all of the dependent variables(self-efficacy, self-care behavior, hope & quality of life) in the experimental group were higher than in the control group (F=74.12, P=.0001 ; F=108.34, P=.0001 ; F=13,11, P=.001 : F=43.52, P=.0001). In conclusion, self-care behavior and quality of life increased mainly through an increase in self-efficacy, while increases in hope took more time and effort.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3889-3901
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• 2015

This study was examined the effects of social capital influenced on health related quality of life of old-old-elderly of more than 70-year-old. The subjects were 258 people of old-old-elderly of more than 70-year-old who dwell in M city. The first, October 15 to November 15, 2013, the second, December 1 to 30, 2014 were surveyed. The data were analyzed with SPSS Statistics 18.0 and the structural equation modeling of AMOS 21.0. The Sobel test was conducted to analyze the statistical significance of the mediated effects. The factors of health-related quality of life were influenced significantly by gender, education level, whether or not exercise, amount of sleeping time, family can be a help request, relatives can be a help request, general trust. In the results of the test of the research model, social capital was found to directly affect health behavior, and health behavior was found to directly affect health related quality of life. Therefore, social capital was found to indirectly affect health related quality of life. Social capital of old-old elderly of more than 70-year-old can be recognized as one of the factors influencing their health related quality of life. The results suggest that policy should be established to increasing the level of social capital and improved the health related quality of life.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2008

This study aims to analyze the major factors in their working conditions affecting the enlargement of leisure activities of dental technicians. We also present a need for dental technicians to assign more time many different kinds of leisure activities for their quality life. To this end, we examined the status and the characteristics of dental technicians' leisure activities among the randomly selected subjects who are working in the area of Seoul, Gyonggido, and Gangwon-do through the analysis of the 311 sheets of self-administered questionnaires. The conclusions from this analysis are as follows; 1. On weekdays, non participants in leisure activities were found to be 64.0%, and in the case of weekends, the participants were reached to 70.7%. Those who enjoy any leisure activities in either of weekdays and weekends were 34.1%, 27.3% of the dental technicians did not have any leisure activities. Therefore, statistical significance was shown in the participations of leisure activities between weekdays and weekends. 2. Of the types of leisure activities in both weekdays and weekends, sports activities were ranked at the top 33.4%, 29.6% respectively, which is followed by going to the cinema/theatre/exhibitions, etc 21.9%, 26.0%, games/entertainment 14.5%, 14.8%, hobbies/cultural activities 14.1%, 12.5%, sightseeing/picnic 6.4%, 7.4%. 3. Of the differences in the characteristics of leisure activities, the types of leisure activities between weekdays and weekends showed difference in gender, company and information regarding leisure activities in age, company and the place of leisure activities, and leisure information in the marital status, career and monthly income in company, company and leisure information in the job position, which is statistically significant (p<.001). However, no statistical significance was found among the other general items of the characteristics of leisure activities. Considering only works on weekdays policy is currently permeating into almost every business sector, dental business owners or managers are advised to consider more effective time management or human resources management, such as keeping reasonable manufacturing time through cooperations with the dentists, regularity of working hours, incentive system, introduction of credible over time payment. Which will provide their staff with more times and opportunities to enjoy their leisure activities. Additionally, the concrete and feasible ways of motivating and activating the leisure activities of dental technicians are in need of further researches and studies.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2000

This study is fulfilled from September 1st to December 31st in 1999 and the object of investigation are all 289 students belong to 5 universities managing amateur Ssirum team in Kyungnam, Kyungpook. Pusan and Seoul(158 people) and 6 high schools(131 people). And these results were derived from percentage and cross analysis of Person Chi-square test ann interview and 47 questioned paper based on this purpose of study. 1. There were no significant differences between high school students and university students in the comprehension of physical therapy and injury occurrence by technique. 2. According to the relation between satisfaction of life as a player and injured part, the injury of soft tissue ranked high among satisfied and unsatisfied people. and the satisfaction or unsatisfaction of practicing place also derived same result. 3. $46.8\%$ of Ssirum players got the injury of soft tissue during practice. the articular injury and bone injury in regular sequence. But there were no relations between the time of injury and the sort of injury. 4. There were no statistical differences ortho sort of injury by technique.(p=0.399). 5. According to the part of injury by using techniques, the injury of soft tissue ranked high$(50.0\%)$, articular injury ranked high$(42.6\%)$ in the leg technique, bone injury ranked high in the leg technique, and nerve injury ranked high in hand technique. 6. The injury of soft tissue ranked high during the practice$(46.8\%)$, practice on the purpose of a match$(50.0\%)$ and match$(41.7\%)$ but there were no relations between the time of injury and son of injury. 7. The part of injury by technique ranked high in the soft tissue$(50.0\%)$, articular injury by leg technique$(42.6\%)$, bone injury in leg and waist technique and nerve injury in hand technique high. 8. The time of injury ranked high during the practice$(65.7\%)$, and $66.1\%$ of injury occurred in the afternoon. 9. During the practice, the cold weather ie related on the rate of injury because $67\%$ of injury occurred in winter, but there are no statistical significance. 10. There were no relations between the satisfaction of place far practice and time of injury. 11. The particular part of injury occurred very much during the match between defense and offense. 12. In the relation between the degree of understanding of physical therapy and the experience of physical therapy, the people who know physical therapy had much experiences of physical therapy(p=.000) And independent of the physical therapy experiences, the effectiveness of physical therapy therapy to players was $48.8\%$, no idea was 42.65 and no effectiveness was $8.7\%$(p=.000). 13. $59.6\%$ of the people admitting the physical therapy effectiveness answered they would follow the order of the doctor and $56.6\%$ of the people not admitting the physical therapy effectiveness answered no.