• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.509-521
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to define factors influencing learned helplessness in undergraduates. Independent variables including external entrapment, internal entrapment, social support, trait anger, state anger, and anger expression were used to predict learned helplessness. Methods: Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. A total of 241 undergraduates recruited from September to November 2012 were included in the study. Results: Four factors of learned helplessness were founded to show significant correlation with external entrapment, internal entrapment, social support, trait anger, state anger and anger expression. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 64% of the variance in learned helplessness was significantly accounted for by internal entrapment, social support and anger expression. Conclusion: This study showed that perceived entrapment and social support are important predictors of learned helplessness. Therefore, in order to reduce learned helplessness in undergraduates, it is necessary to design an intervention program with strategies to help in coping with and reducing perceived entrapments.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 분노표현 양식과 지각된 정서적 유능성이 학교분노에 미치는 효과를 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 고등학생 304명(남자 134명, 여자 170명)에게 한국판 상태-특성 분노표현 척도(Korean Version of State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory; STAXI-K) 중 분노표현 양식 척도(분노표출, 분노억제, 분노통제), 한국판 학교분노 척도(Korean Version of School Anger Inventory), 그리고 한국판 특성 메타-기분 척도(Korean Version of Trait Meta-Mood Scale; K-TMMS)를 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과, 학교분노는 분노표출 및 분노억제와는 정적인 상관을 그리고 분노통제 및 지각된 정서적 유능성과는 부적인 상관을 보였다. 학교분노에 대한 분노표출과 지각된 정서적 유능성의 상호작용 효과 그리고 학교분노에 대한 분노억제와 지각된 정서적 유능성의 상호작용 효과는 유의미하지 않았다. 반면에 학교분노에 대한 분노통제와 지각된 정서적 유능성의 상호작용 효과는 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 사후분석에서 지각된 정서적 유능성 점수가 낮은 경우에는 학교분노에 대한 분노 통제의 효과가 유의미하지 않은 반면에 지각된 정서적 유능성 점수가 높은 경우에는 학교분노에 대한 분노 통제의 효과가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 기초하여 청소년의 학교분노 수준을 경감시키기 위한 심리학적인 프로그램에서 분노통제의 기술과 더불어 지각된 정서적 유능성을 높일 수 있는 방안을 함께 다루어야 할 필요성이 논의되었다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2010

Objectives : The objective of this study was to observe the relationships between neck pain and psychological factors such as stress, anger, anxiety and depression. Methods: Under mental stress. the 31 patients with neck stiffness and 32 control subjects with no neck stiffness were measured by using NDI, BEPSI, GARS, STAXI, STAI, and BDI scales. The psychological scales between the patients and the controls were taken to observe the average results by comparing between the two groups. Also NDI and psychological scales of correlation analysis was performed. Results: 1. The mean scores of NDI, BEPSI, GARS, State-Anger, Trait-Anger, Anger-out, Anger-In, Sate-Anxiety, TraitAnxiety, and BDI under patients group were significantly higher than those in control group. 2. The value of NDI comparing to the values of BEPSI, GARS, State-Anger, Trait-Anger, Anger-out, Anger-In, Sate-Anxiety, Trait-Anxiety, and BDI in this study resulted in high correlation among each others which showed statistically significant. Conclusions : It has the possibility that the neck pain with stress. anxiety. anger and depression might be related highly in correlation. especially in stress and anxiety which showed the most high correlation.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the relationship between HRV indices and scores of emotional questionnaires and to find out the effective way to assess patients emotional and physical condition. Methods : We selected 144 patients who had both HRV data and BDI, STAI and STAXI scores on the chart among outpatients from July 2006 to December 2010. The relationship between the scores rated from the questionnaires and HRV indices are analyzed. And the HRV indices of patients included in the top 30 percent group and the bottom 30% group are compared. Results : 1. There were no significant correlations between HRV indices and scores of BDI, STAI and trait anger of STAXI. 2. SDNN and TP of HRV significantly decreased with higher state anger scores of STAXI. The top 30 percent group of state anger had lower SDNN, TP, LF, HF and HRV-index and higher pNN50 than the bottom 30 percent group. 3. RMSSD of HRV significantly decreased with higher anger-in scores of STAXI. The top 30 percent group of anger-in had lower RMSSD than the bottom 30 percent group. Conclusions : HRV can be used to evaluate emotional and physical changes related to state anger and inappropriate anger expression.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. Methods: Data was collected by questionnaires from 199 female adolescents ina female high school in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS for descriptive statistics and a PC-LISREL Program for Covariance structural analysis. Results: The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 7 paths and adding free parameters to it. The modified model withthe paths showed a good fit to the empirical data($x^2$ =5.62, p=.69, GFl=.99, AGFl=.97, NFI=.99, NNFI=l.01, RMSR=.02, RMSEA=.00). Trait anger, state anger, and psychosocial problems were found to have a significant direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms. State anger, psychosocial problems, and learning behaviorswere found to have direct effects on depression of female adolescents. Conclusion: The derived modelis considered appropriate for explaining and predicting negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and is a suggested direction in nursing practice.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2007

Purpose: The descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of eating behavior to depression, trait anger, anger expression, Behavior Activation System(BAS) and Behavior Inhibition System(BIS) in adolescent women. Method: 437 women aged 15 to 18 years were recruited from two high schools located in Seoul, Korea. The instruments used were SCL's depression scale, Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory-Korean version for trait anger and anger expression, the Korean-BAS/BIS scale for behavior activation system and behavior inhibition system, and Eating Attitude Test(EAT-26) for eating behavior. Results: The score of EAT significantly correlated with depression, trait anger, anger expression, BAS and BIS. The EAT score also had a significant relationship with anger-in and anger-out. Depression only correlated with the dieting among factors of EAT, Trait anger, anger-in and anger-out showed a significant correlation with EAT factors such as dieting and oral control. BAS significantly correlated with dieting; whereas, BIS revealed a relationship with bulimia/food preoccupation. Conclusion: Based on this results, various variables need to be included for a nursing intervention program leading to healthy diet behaviors of adolescent women.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of expressions of hostility, trait anger, and anger in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Method: Ninety patients between 30 and 80 who were admitted to A hospital participated in the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey using convenience sampling. The research tool consisted of 24 questions by Costa et al (1986) and 10 questions specifically on anger from the Korean version (Chon, Hahn, & Lee, 1998) of the State-Trait Anger Inventory by Spielberger (1988). All of the questions were answered using a 4-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS Win version 10.0. Result: Mean scores for hostility, trait anger, anger-out, anger-in, and anger-control were 2.51, 2.19, 1.93, 1.85, and 2.56, respectively. Hostility and trait anger showed a significantly positive correlation to anger-out and anger-in. Conclusion: This study presented baseline data that indicate that psychosocial factors are associated with the occurrence and progression of CAD. Accordingly, various programs that include psychological interventions are required to diminish the level of hostility and anger. Also, further studies should be conducted with larger patient populations.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1035-1046
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• 2004

Purpose: This one group experimentation was designed to develop a program for relieving 'Hwa-Byung'(HB) symptoms and examine its effects on HB symptoms, pain threshold emotions like anger, anxiety and depression. Method: The program consisted of three components the change of the cognitive thoughts, the formation of a supportive network, and induction of mind-body relaxation. Sixteen middle-aged women with HB were divided into three groups for group dynamics according to the time of the recruitment. Data was collected for nine months at three time points, before, immediately after, and one month later of its application. Result: There were statistically significant differences in the severity level of state anger, state anxiety, depression, and HB symptoms according to the time interval. The means of state anger and state anxiety were reduced after the intervention, but it was slightly increased one month later. The means of depression and HB symptoms were continuously reduced after the intervention and one month later. Conclusion: This was the first management program for HB women in Korea. A future study must be done with the research design formethodological strength revision of the program.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.205-226
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find out the relations between 6th graders' negative cognitive process and anger experience and aggressiveness. To achieve the goal, it conducted a test to examine children's negative cognitive process, anger experience, aggressiveness targeting 100 children of 6th grade in C elementary school, Gyeonggj province. Then it conducted SPSS 12.0 statistical program to get the results of correlation analysis and regression analysis. The outcomes were as follows. First, there was a meaningfully positive relation between a negative cognitive process and anger experience. In other words, children having more negative cognitive process seemed to experience the feelings of anger more often, this presented the important role of cognition while getting into a temper Second, it reported a positive relation between anger experience and aggressiveness. Children who have experienced anger more often showed more violent behaviors, especially there were more significant positive relations between trait-anger and aggressiveness compared to state-anger and aggressiveness. This could explain some possibilities that children with high level of trait-anger might outrage more often than others by recognizing the situations as anger stimulants. Third, when conducting a regression analysis, a negative cognitive process made an effect on anger experience which affected aggressiveness. However, it did not show a negative cognitive process making a direct effect on aggressiveness. This is considered that children could experience an anger while evaluating an event or object in a negative way based on individual belief, and emotional linguistic behavioral aggressiveness would be formalized as they express the sparked fury either internally or externally. In conclusion, this study proved that there were close relations between children's negative cognitive process and anger experience and aggressiveness. A negative cognitive process affects anger experience, and anger experience affects aggressiveness afterwards. A negative cognitive process affects aggressiveness through anger experience indirectly, and especially trait-anger among anger experience is the main factor to influence on aggressiveness. With consideration of these results, it is believed that mediation is important key to moderate the negative cognition and trait-anger in order to diminish children's aggressive behaviors. This study has a meaning to provide searching for manifold mediating methods between negative cognition and trait anger, with a fundamental resource.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 내현적 자기애 성향과 데이트 폭력 가해와의 관계에서 역기능 및 기능적 분노표현의 매개효과를 검증하고 이때 남녀차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이성교제 경험이 있는 부산지역의 대학생 399(남 133명, 여 206명)명의 자료를 최종 분석하였다. 측정도구는 내현적 자기애 척도(Covert Narcissism Scale: CNS), 갈등책략척도(The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale 2: CTS-2), 한국판 상태-특성 분노표현 척도(The Korean adaptation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory: STAXI-K)를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 내현적 자기애와 데이트 폭력 가해, 역기능 및 기능적 분노표현은 성별에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 내현적 자기애와 데이트 폭력 가해, 역기능 및 기능적 분노표현은 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 셋째, 내현적 자기애와 데이트 폭력 가해의 관계에서 역기능 및 기능적 분노표현의 매개효과를 성별로 분석한 결과, 남학생의 역기능적 분노표현은 내현적 자기애와 데이트 폭력 가해의 관계에서 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기능적 분노표현은 매개효과를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 여학생의 역기능적 분노표현도 내현적 자기애와 데이트 폭력 가해의 관계에서 완전매개 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기능적 분노표현은 매개효과를 나타내지 않았다. 연구결과 대학생의 내현적 자기애 성향과 데이트 폭력 가해의 관계에서 역기능적 분노표현이 완전매개함을 확인함으로써, 내현적 자기애 성향이 높을수록 역기능적 분노표현이 높아지고, 역기능적 분노표현이 높을수록 데이트 폭력 가해를 행할 가능성이 높아질 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 내현적 자기애 성향자들의 분노를 기능적으로 적절히 다룰 수 있는 분노조절 프로그램 등을 개발하여 데이트 폭력의 예방 및 상담에 적용할 필요성을 시사한다.