• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Research with parents of children with Asperger Syndrome was conducted to assess whether the level of positive parental attachment correlated positively with positive parenting behaviors and negatively with negative parenting behaviors. Participants were recruited from internet. The Parental Bonding Inventory measured parents' perception of their bonding or attachment with three aspects of their own parents: warmth, control, and care. In the Parenting Behavior Inventory, parents reported recent interaction/reaction behaviors with their child, and results focused on two aspects of parenting, supportive/engaged and hostile/coercive behaviors: each identified as problematic to parenting and attributable to a variety of specific parenting behaviors. Analysis of demographic variables for correlations with positive parenting behaviors and negative parenting behaviors were carried out by Pearson correlations. Two separate standard multiple regressions, one for positive parenting behaviors and one for negative parenting behaviors, were conducted. Findings support the hypothesis that positive early attachment experience of parents has a significant impact upon their own positive parenting skills with their child with Asperger Syndrome. However, multiple regression of negative parenting behavior found no significant negative contribution by parental attachment. Demographic variables proved to be important.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.238-246
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify pediatric nurses' attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions in the prevention of hospital infections by enhancing their practice of standard precautions. Methods: The participants were 206 nurses who worked in pediatric nursing departments of a general medical institution in Seoul. The questionnaire was a modification of Kim (2008) and consisted of 18 questions about hand washing, personal protective equipment, sharps, linen and patient care equipment. Collected data were processed using SPSS 15.0 WIN. Results: Mean scores for attitudes to standard precautions and for compliance with standard precautions were 4.43 (${\pm}0.83$) and 4.22 (${\pm}0.44$) respectively. This difference was statistically significant (t=3.368, p=.001). The nurses' compliance with standard precautions differed significantly according to the general characteristics of age (F=8.705, p<.001), total clinical experience (F=9.426, p<.001), current department experience (F=6.555, p<.001), and education experience (t=0.616, p<.043). There was a positive correlation between attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions (r=.156, p=.025). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that educational programs and policy on infection control and standard precautions for pediatric nurses are needed. Also these results should contribute to baseline data for establishing appropriate clinical policy on infection control.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.316-329
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual situation of nursing students' exposure to blood and body fluids, and their knowledge, awareness and performance of standard precautions in an attempt to offer basic data for education of nursing students concerning infection control. The participants of this study were 309 juniors and seniors enrolled in the nursing colleges in J province. Of the participants, 71.5% turned out to have experienced exposure to the blood and body fluids of patients. The mean score of the knowledge about standard precautions was $20.59{\pm}2.05$, whereas grade, infection control education were statistically significant. The average awareness of standard precautions scored $4.67{\pm}.36$, and age, no follow-up measures were statistically significant. The mean sore for the performance of standard precautions was $4.25{\pm}.70$, while exposure to blood and body fluids was found to be statistically significant. There was positive correlation between the participants' knowledge, awareness and performance. The awareness(${\beta}=.274$) of standard precautions only stood out significantly among the factors affecting the performance of standard precautions, accounting for 8.6% in the performance variance of standard precautions. The study found it necessary to develop the infection control program in diverse ways by complementing especially the areas which used to show low awareness and performance of standard precautions. It is thus suggested to intensify education for students about infection control prior to starting clinical training.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 1992

Recently water demand is increasing as the industry prospers. The increase of water demand is followed by the increase of wastewater discharge which pollutes rivers and ground water extensively. These rivers, reservoirs and ground water are sources for drinking water and their contamination affects the quality of water supply and other potable water. In Korea there are 776 water treatment plants which supply drinking water from main rivers or reservoirs. Rivers are the biggest water source for drinking water is being contaminated, the innovation of treatment process is needed. The construction and operation of water supply facilities is under the control of the Ministry of Construction and the water supply offices of cities and provinces. However, drinking water quality is under the control of the bureau of sanitation in the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. There are 33 items in drinking water quality standards of Korea. Trihalomethanes, Selenium, Diazinone and other three of pesticides have been included lately, The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs is planning to enhance. the level of $VOC_S$(Vola-tile Organic Compounds) standard. Drinking water quality standard is the goal to protect the quality of supply water and ground water. In order to protect the source water from domestic or industrial water, technological improvement and adequate investment should be urgently made. The ultimate goal of drinking water quality is safety and health of consumers. The more stringent the standard are, the better the water quality will be. As the drinking water quality standards become more stringent this year, various and positive solutions by the authorities concerned must be prepared.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.33.4-33
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• 2001

This paper considers a stochastic discrete algebraic Riccati equation, which is a generalized version of the well-known standard discrete algebraic Riccati equation, and has additional linear terms. Under controllability, observability and the assumption that the additional terms are not too large, the existence of a positive definite solution is guaranteed. It is shown that it arises in optimal control of a linear discrete-time system with multiplicative White noise and quadratic cost. A numerical example is given.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.812-823
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is a descriptive study to confirm the relationship between medical infection prevention knowledge, infection control confidence, and standard practice of nursing students and to understand the effect on performance for standard precautions. Data collection was conducted on 160 nursing students located in G Metropolitan City from October 4 to October 12, 2018. As a result of the study, the performance for standard precautions has a positive correlation with 'infection prevention knowledge' (r=.27, p<.001) and infection control confidence (r=.52, p<.001), and infection prevention knowledge was found to have a significant correlation with infection control confidence (r=.27, p=012). Factors affecting the performance for standard precaution of nursing students were in order of infection control confidence (𝛽=.45, p<.001), no skin contact experience (𝛽=.18, p<.004), infection prevention education (𝛽=-2.65, p<.009), infection prevention knowledge (𝛽=.15, p<.019). and the explanatory power of the model was 35%. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop and implement a standard precautions program that can increase infection prevention knowledge and infection management confidence in order to increase the performance for standard precautions of nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 1994

When independent individual measurements are taken both $S/c_4$ and $\bar{R}/d_2$ are unbiased estimators of the process standard deviation. However, with dependent data $\bar{R}/d_2$ is not an unbiased estimator of the process standard deviation. On the other hand $S/c_4$ is an asymptotic unbiased estimator. If there exists correlation in the data, positive(negative) correlation tends to increase(decrease) the ARL. The effect of using $\bar{R}/d_2$ is greater than $S/c_4$ if the assumption of independence is invalid. Supplementary runs rule shortens the ARL of X control charts dramatically in the presence of correlation in the data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.47-55
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• 2001

For several years by discussion and research, the designing plan and detail plans of year 2000 has been unified. By this result the District Standard Planning as well as the following existing town to control all sorts of living surrounding problems and to make a delightful arranged town are the purpose, which is carrying out all over the country. It is true that the expectation was high to the District Standard Planning. Because of this plan it could use and control the District special quality. Such as, it could rise the ability of beautiful sight and make a advisable town. But in this study the first preceding subject is a problem by the constructing work that the restriction and the standard application has been strong. So the District Standard Planning had many problems. And also by the problems here, as a immoderate volition and stiffen about the operation, the system and equipment lack about the environment improving work, problems with areas by the exciting plannings, the attitude of the executive agency that can't accept the inhabitants will. From these backgrounds we thought the research has not to be standardize in only newtown concept, but has to breath with the exciting towns and the rural areas that the District Planning has been applied. And to revive the special quality of the area and local government by a positive and logical research. Consequently in this study, we researched about the problems of architectures that had issues with the District Standard Planning of architectural part of operation guide which has been assisted form Single-Detached House in Eomsa District Dooma-Myun Nonsan which is located in Chungnam province.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.321-331
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• 2022

Purpose: This study is to establish a structural model for standard precautions compliance of nursing students. This conceptual model was based on the IMB (Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills) model of Fisher and Fisher. Methods: Data were collected from October 12 to December 1, 2020, and the subjects were nursing students from G metropolitan city and J province, and the data of a total of 334 subjects were analyzed. For data analysis, this study used the SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 programs. Results: The hypothetical model showed a good fit to the data: 𝑥²=106.46 (p<.001), 𝑥²/df=2.54, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.04, CFI=.96, TLI=.94. It was confirmed that the variables that have a statistically significant influence on the standard precautions compliance in nursing students were in the order of self-efficacy, social support, personal attitude, and standard precautions knowledge. The model explained 48.3% of the variance in standard precautions compliance of nursing students. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and apply various specialized extracurricular programs that can induce an individual attitude toward observing standard precautions compliance in a positive direction in relationships with teachers and peers and gain their support.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2004

Recently automatic equipment has been well popularized for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a widely used test, but no standard quality control has been established yet. Thus, we are going to report a case that established and applied a quality control method using the TEST 1 automatic analyzer. For internal quality control, we adopted the repeatability test through comparison with daily mean check, with a manual method using patients' specimens and with the results of a test on the previous day. In order to set the tolerance standard for each quality control method, we compared the results of 50 specimens that showed a wide range of ESR results and examined correlation and differences according to result. After setting the tolerance standard, we applied the standard at tertiary university hospitals for 120 days and investigated positive rates and re-examination rates. If the tolerance standard was exceeded, the cause was also identified. We selected a specimen of below 25 mm/hr (T1), one between 26-50 mm/hr (T2) and one of over 51 mm/hr (T3) at random. The correlation between the manual method and the automatic method was quite high (r=0.98), and it is found appropriate to set based on differences in result values below 25 mm/hr, the upper limit of the reference value, and based on differences in the percentage of result values above 25 mm/hr. Accordingly, we set the criteria for rejection above 10 mm/hr and above 20%. When the criteria were applied in the laboratory, 1.7% of specimens in the range of T1, 8.3% of those in the range of T2 and 7.5% of those in the range of T3 were rejected. Because all the rejected ones fell within the tolerance limit in re-examination calibration verification was not carried out. With the wide popularization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate analyzers that can carry out a lot of tests quickly using automatic methods, it is necessary to improve the reliability of test results by establishing internal quality control policies. We expect that an agreed standard quality control method may be established based on the method proposed in this study.