• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

The spray characteristics of DISI injector has a great role in engine efficiency and emission. Thus, many researchers have been studied to investigate the spray characteristics of hollow cone type and slit type injector which are used in DISI engine. In this study, we tried to provide spray parameters which effect on the spray characteristics such as injection pressure, ambient pressure and ambient temperature. In addition, we calculated $t_b\;and\;t_c$ to investigate the break up mechanism of test injectors and also obtained $C_v$ to evaluate the spray characteristics. From this study, As the ambient pressure increases in case of slit injector, $C_v$ decreases.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2002

In this paper, spray and combustion characteristics of a liquid-fueled ramjet engine were experimentally investigated. The spray penetrations were measured to clarify the spray characteristics of a liquid jet injected transversely into the subsonic vitiated airstream, which Is maintained a high velocity and temperature. The spray penetrations are increased with decreasing airstream velocity, increasing airstream temperature, and increasing air-fuel momentum ratio. To compensate our results of penetrations, the new experimental equation were modified from Inamura's equation. In the case of insufficient penetration, the combustion phenomenon in ram-combustor were unstable. Therefore, the sufficient penetration must be considered to make a stable flame.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2019

This article gives an overview of spray measurement technique were reviewed and suggestions. Spray formation mechanism is the most intellectually challenging and practically important topics in fluid mechanics. Methods for analysis of existing spray development have been developed in various ways, but if there is no support for relatively sufficient equipment, there are limitations to analysis. The newly measured and analyzed method may exceed the threshold for preparation of analysis and, as the results of two-dimensional individual analysis are aggregated and analyzed in three dimensions by a combination of analysis methods, the method is considered a relatively accurate analysis method that analysis.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2014

Vacuum kinetic spray(VKS) is a relatively advanced process for fabricating thin/thick and dense ceramic coatings via submicron-sized particle impact at room temperature. However, unfortunately, the particle velocity, which is an important value for investigating the deposition mechanism, has not been clarified yet. Thus, in this research, VKS average particle velocities were derived by numerical analysis method(CFD: computational fluid dynamics) connected with an experimental approach(SCM: slit cell method). When the process gas or powder particles are accelerated by a compressive force generated by gas pressure in kinetic spraying, a tensile force generated by the vacuum in the VKS system accelerates the process gas. As a result, the gas is able to reach supersonic speed even though only 0.6MPa gas pressure is used in VKS. In addition, small size powders can be accelerated up to supersonic velocity by means of the drag-force of the low pressure process gas flow. Furthermore, in this process, the increase of gas flow makes the drag-force stronger and gas distribution more homogenized in the pipe, by which the total particle average velocity becomes higher and the difference between max. and min. particle velocity decreases. Consequently, the control of particle size and gas flow rate are important factors in making the velocity of particles high enough for successful deposition in the VKS system.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.2253-2262
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• 2005

The focus of this work is placed on the analysis of the mixture formation mechanism under the evaporative diesel spray of impinging and free conditions. As an experimental parameter, ambient gas density was selected. Effects of density variation of ambient gas on liquid and vapor-phase inside structure of evaporation diesel spray were investigated. Ambient gas density was changed between ${\rho}a=5.0\;kg/m^3$ and $12.3\;kg/m^3$. In the case of impinging spray, the spray spreading to the radial direction is larger due to the decrease of drag force of ambient gas in the case of the low density than that of the high density. On the other hand, in the case of free spray, in accordance with the increase in the ambient gas density, the liquid-phase length is getting short due to the increase in drag force of ambient gas. In order to examine the homogeneity of mixture consisted of vapor-phase fuel and ambient gas in the spray, image analysis was conducted with statistical thermodynamics based on the non-dimensional entropy (S) method. In the case of application of entropy analysis to diesel spray, the entropy value always increases. The entropy of higher ambient density is higher than that of lower ambient gas density during initial injection period.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.609-616
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• 2017

We investigated a Leidenfrost effect in the growth of ZnO nanostructures on silicon substrates by ultrasonic-assisted spray pyrolysis deposition(SPD). Structural and optical properties of the ZnO nanostructures grown by varying the growth parameters, such as substrate temperature, source concentration, and suction rate of the mist in the chambers, were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence spectrum analysis. Structural investigations of the ZnO nanostructures showed abnormal evolution of the morphologies with variation of the substrate temperatures. The shape of the ZnO nanostructures transformed from nanoplate, nanorod, nanopencil, and nanoprism shapes with increasing of the substrate temperature from 250 to $450^{\circ}C$; these shapes were significantly different from those seen for the conventional growth mechanisms in SPD. The observed growth behavior showed that a Leidenfrost effect dominantly affected the growth mechanism of the ZnO nanostructures.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1702-1709
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• 2002

This paper analyzes heterogeneous distribution of branch-like structure at the downstream region of the spray. The liquid and vapor phase of the spray are obtained using a 35㎜ still camera and CCD camera in order to investigate spray structure of evaporating diesel spray. There have been many studies conducted on diesel spray structure but have yet only focused on the analyses of 2-D structure. There are a few information which is concerned with 3-D structure analysis of evaporating spray. The heterogeneous distribution of droplets in inner spray affects the mixture formation of diesel spray and the combustion characteristics of the diesel engines. In this study, the laser beam of 2-D plane was used in order to investigate 3-D structure of evaporating spray The incident laser beam was offset on the central axis of the spray. From the analysis of images taken by offset laser beam, we will examine the formation mechanism of heterogeneous distribution of the diesel spray by vortex flow at the downstream of the spray. The images of liquid and vapor phase of free spray are simultaneously taken through an exciplex fluorescence method. Through this, the branch-like structure consisting of heterogeneous distribution of the droplets forms high concentrated vapor phase at the periphery of droplets and at the spray tip.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.661-671
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• 1998

It is unavoidable that the fuel spray impinges on the wall of piston cavity in a compact high-pressure D.I. diesel engine. Therefore the characteristics of impinging spray are the very significant information on the consideration and the simulation of its combustion processes including the formation mechanism of exhaust emission and the design of the combustion chamber. In this paper, the numerical simulation was performed to study the characteristics of impinging spray. The spray-wall impingement model used is Watkins and Park's model. Calculation parameters are the inclination angles and the ambient pressures. As the inclination angle increases, the impinging spray develops mainly to the direction of the downstream and scarcely flows to that of the upstream. The shape on the wall of the impinging spray is the circle in the case of the normal impingement, while it is the ellipse in that of the oblique impingement. As the ambient pressure increases, the growth of impinging spray on the wall in the radial direction decreases owing to the increase in the resistance of the ambient.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2011

In the present investigation, experimental studies were conducted on the fire suppression performance of twin-fluid water mist spray which is subjected to thermal radiation in a closed space. Downward-directed water-mist sprays, interacting with an under kerosene pool fire, were investigated in a test facility. The mass mean diameter of water-mist droplets were measured by PMAS under various flow conditions. The developed twin-fluid water mit spray nozzle satisfied the criteria of NFPA 750, Class 1. The mechanism of fire suppression by fine water mist was concluded to be the cooling of the fire surface which leads to the suppression of fuel evaporation. It was proved that the automatic twin-fluid water mist spray system under lower pressures could be applied to an industrial facilities.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 1997

The present study is mainly aiming at numerically analyzing the combustion and emission characteristics of the diesel spray in a high-pressure environment. Computations are peformed for the peak chamber pressure with range from 4.08 MPa to 162 MPa. Numerical results indicate that the pressure increase in combustion chamber significantly influences the mechanism for droplet dynamics and mixing characteristics, spray penetration autoignition, flame lift-on height and the propagation or fuel vapor and flame. By increasing the ratio or the ambient density to injected liquid density, the fuel-air mixing rates and the burning rates increase and the $NO_x/soot$ emission level decreases.