• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 석회석 활용분야 확대를 위해 소석회를 이용한 소다라임 제조 기초 실험을 실시하였다. 소다라임 제조를 위해 압출식 방식과 디스크 방식의 펠렛타이져를 이용하였으며, 첨가제로 벤토나이트를 투입하여 제조한 소다라임의 이산화탄소 흡수 특성을 평가하였다. 실험결과, 제조 방식에 관계없이 이산화탄소와의 반응에 따라 소다라임에서 CaCO₃의 peak가 확인되었으며, 방해석과 아라고나이트가 함께 생성된 것을 확인하였다. 디스크 방식으로 제조한 소다라임이 압출방식에 비해 더 큰 비표면적을 나타내었고, 벤토나이트를 첨가한 조건에서도 비표면적이 향상되었다. 비표면적이 향상된 시료 조건에서 이산화탄소 흡수율이 증가되는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2015

Research results on possible effects caused by radiofrequency fields in children are limited because most of the studies published so far have focused on adults, rather than children. Mobile phone use is now widespread, even among younger children. If a biological risk due to mobile phone exposure is found, it might be greater in children because their bodies might be more sensitive to radiofrequency energy. The issue of a possible difference in sensitivity between adults and children begins with whether any difference exists physically in terms of electromagnetic absorption. This paper presents a review of recent publications on dosimetric comparisons between children and adults with respect to radiation from mobile phones. The issue of the health effects of mobile phone use is beyond the scope of the present review. Most of the dosimetry research on possible differences in power absorption between children and adults has been based on numerical modeling and analysis. The understanding of the results so far is presented and needed studies are described.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.665-680
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 350 MHz와 900 MHz 평면파에 노출된 다양한 모델의 인체 두부 내 비흡수율(specific abs sorption rate, SAR)의 분포를 해석하였다. 해석 방법은 유한차분시간영역(finite-difference time-domain, FDTD) 방법이며, 인체 두부 모델로서 균질 매질의 구형모델, 균질의 실질적인 형태를 갖는 모텔 그리고 실질적인 형태를 갖는 비균질 모델이 사용된다. 입사 평면파의 편파는 인체 길이방향과 일치하며, 진행방향은 뒤에서 암으로, 그리고 앞에서 뒤로 향하는 두 가지 경우를 다룬다. 얻어진 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 세 가지 모델의 평균 SAR은 비슷하나 국부 SAR은 큰 차이가 있다. 2) 주파수가 900 MHz보다 두부의 공진이 일어나는 대역인 350 MHz에서 복사전력이 더 깊이 침투한다. 3) 후방입사 평변파의 경우에는 두부가 아닌 목 부근에서 "hot spot"이 일어난다. 4) 전방입사 평면파의 경우에는 900 MHz에서는 코, 350 MHz의 경우에는 입술 위와 턱 부분에 "hot spot"이 나타난다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2019

Fermentation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) produces biohydrogen in a mixture at a specific set condition. This research was conducted to purify the produced mixed biohydrogen via absorption and membrane techniques. Three different solvents, methyl ethanolamine (MEA), ammonia ($NH_3$) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions, were used in absorption technique. The highest $H_2$ purity was found using 1M MEA solution with 5.0 ml/s feed mixed gas flow rate at 60 minutes absorption time. Meanwhile, the purified biohydrogen using a polysulfone membrane had the highest $H_2$ purity at 2~3 bar operating pressure. Upon testing with proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the highest current and power produced at 100% $H_2$ were 1.66 A and 8.1 W, while the lowest were produced at 50/50 vol% $H_2/CO_2$ (0.32 A and 0.49 W). These results proved that both purification techniques have significant potential for $H_2$ purification efficiency.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2017

The Hydraulically driven test system and ${\Phi}100mm$ split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) test device were employed to research the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of concrete specimens which has been immersed for 60 days in sodium sulfate (group S1) and sodium chloride (group S2) solution, the evolution of their mass during corrosive period was explored at the same time, and the mechanism of performances lost was analyzed from the microscopic level by using scanning electron microscope. Results of the experimental indicated that: their law of mass both presents the trend of continuous rising during corrosive period, and it increases rapidly on the early days, the mass growth of group S1 and group S2 in first 7 days are 76.78% and 82.82% of their total increment respectively; during the corrosive period, the quasi-static compressive strength of specimens in two groups are significantly decreased, both of which present the trend of increase first and then decrease, the maximum growth rate of group S1 and group S2 are 7.52% and 12.71% respectively, but they are only 76.23% and 82.84% of specimens which under normal environment (group N) on day 60; after immersed for 60 days, there were different decrease to dynamic compressive strength and specific energy absorption, and so as their strain rate sensitivities. So the high salinity environment has a significant effect of weaken the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical performance of concrete.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.903-908
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 휴대폰 front case의 EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) 도료 패턴과 폴딩 각도 변화에 따른 SAR(Specific Absorption Rate) 값의 변화를 전산 모의 실험을 통하여 살펴보아 휴대폰 개발 초기 단계에서 SAR를 고려할 수 있도록 하였다. 첫 번째, front case에 칠해진 EMI 도료의 여러 가지 패턴을 모델링한 휴대폰에 적용하여 전산 모의 실험을 한 결과 EMI 도료 패턴에 따라 다른 SAR 값을 보였다. EMI 도료 패턴에 따른 SAR 값에 대한 전산 모의 실험 중 EMI 도료가 있을 경우를 기준으로 하였을 때, 헤어핀 패턴이 가장 좋은 $8.04\%$의 감소 효율을 보였고, EMI 도료가 없는 경우 $5.94\%$의 감소 효율을 보였다. 이때 폴딩 각도는 $150^{\circ}$로 하였다. 두 번째, 폴딩 각도를 $140^{\circ},\;150^{\circ},\;160^{\circ}$로 변화하면서 SAR 값에 대한 전산 모의 실험을 하였다. 전산 모의 실험에 사용된 모델의 경우 폴딩 각도를 늘릴수록 SAR 값이 감소함을 보였다. 폴딩 각도가 $160^{\circ}$이고 기준 패턴을 적용하였을 때 SAR 값은 1.61 W/kg이 되었으며, 제안한 헤어핀 패턴을 폴딩 각도가 $160^{\circ}$일 때 적용한 결과 가장 낮은 SAR 값인 1.45 W/kg의 값을 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권10호
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• pp.1584-1588
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• 2018

During hyperthermia therapy, cancer cells are heated to a temperature in the range of $40{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ for a defined time period to damage these cells while keeping healthy tissues at safe temperatures. Prior to hyperthermia therapy, the amount of heat energy transferred to the cancer cells must be predicted. Among various non-invasive methods, the thermal prediction method using the specific absorption rate (SAR) is the most widely used method. The existing methods predict the thermal distribution by using a single constant for the mass density in one organ through assignment. However, because the SAR and the bio heat equation (BHE) vary with the mass density, the mass density of each organ must be accurately considered. In this study, the mass density distribution was calculated using the relationship between the Hounsfield unit and the mass density of tissues in preceding research. The SAR distribution was found using a quasi-static approximation to Maxwell's equation and was used to calculate the potential distribution and the energy distributions for capacitive RF heating. The thermal distribution during exposure to RF waves was determined by solving the BHE with consideration given to the considering contributions of heat conduction and external heating. Compared with reference data for the mass density, our results was within 1%. When the reconstructed temperature distribution was compared to the measured temperature distribution, the difference was within 3%. In this study, the density distribution and the thermal distribution were reconstructed for the agar phantom. Based on these data, we developed an algorithm that could be applied to patients.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2015

The PVDF fibrous composite filled with iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by using the electrospinning technique. The electrospun composite have the thickness in the range of $60-80{\mu}m$ with the average fibrous diameters of 500-900 nm. The magnetizations of PVDF fibrous composite filled with iron oxide nanoparticles showed 4.5 emu/g, 3.1 emu/g and 1.6 emu/g at 1.5 T of external magnetic field for 20 wt.%, 10 wt.% and 5 wt.% iron oxide nanoparticles, respectively. The heat elevation of the magnetic composite were measured under various AC magnetic fields, frequency and the ambient temperatures. The temperature reached up to $46.3^{\circ}C$ from $36^{\circ}C$ at 128 Oe and 355 kHz for 20 wt.% iron oxide nanoparticles filled in PVDF fibrous composite sheet. The specific absorption rate of theses sheets increased from 0.041 W/g to 0.236 W/g with the increment of AC magnetic field from 90 Oe to 167 Oe at 190 kHz, respectively.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.776-787
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• 1998

835 MHz에서 동작하는 셀룰라 휴대폰에 의한 인체 두부내의 1 g 및 10 g 평균 비홉수율(specific absorption rate, SAR)을 해석한다. 사용되는 수치방법은 총 전자기장 유한차분 시간영역(finite-difference time-domain, FDTD) 기법이다. 전화기는 도체박스, 플라스틱 케이스 그리고 모노폴 안테나와 나선형 안테나 로 구성된 whip 안테나로 모의되었다. 공간 정밀도 3 mm의 이산적 인체두부 모델은 MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging), CT(computerized tomography) 그리고 해부학적 이미지에 기초한 것이다 안테나를 뽑은 전화기와 접은 전화기에 대한 근역장 및 원역장 복사 패턴이 분석되었다. SAR 평가를 위한 재현성 있는 기법을 제공하기 위해 조직내의 1 g 또는 10 g의 질량을 갖는 체적을 취하는 두 가지 방법을 제안하고 비교 한다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2016

This paper is concerned chiefly with the method of porous foam manufacture using basalt stone powder sludge. The hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) of bloating agent has lots of problems to manufacture porous lightweight aggregate due to fast reaction rate with cement or calcium hydroxide($Ca(OH)_2$). The $H_2O_2$ injecting method using nozzle for manufacturing porous lightweight aggregate is proposed, in this study. This method is to inject $H_2O_2$ at the pressure of 10 MPa on upper side of slurry mixing materials such as stone powder sludge and quick-lime(CaO) by injector. The specimen was dried in furnace at $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and cured at ambient temperature for 30 days. We analyzed the characteristics including specific gravity and water absorption. The experiments were found that the porous foam has low specific gravity, high water absorption and uniform distribution of porous more than manufactured foam by general bloating methods.