• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.258-269
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• 2010

As people are easy to access the National Health Insurance, medical health service has been increased. It contributed to extend human's average life expectancy and to get better health care. But also increased unnecessary health service or inappropriate drug use. Therefore, DUR (Drug Use Review) is needed to induce appropriate drug use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate outpatient prescriptions by General Practitioner (GP) and Specialized Practitioner, especially indication for ENT referral including common cold which is the frequent indications that have patient see doctor. This study was reviewed retrospectively prescriptions for ENT referral collected at the A pharmacy for ENT Clinic in Cheong-Ju, B pharmacy for GP Clinic in BoEun from Feb 2nd, 2009 to Feb 28th, 2009. Each pharmacy located closed to the each enrolled clinic. The numbers of collected prescriptions were each A pharmacy (n=2501), B pharmacy (n=1343). This study was classified Drug Related Problems (DRPs) those prescriptions had as total 6 groups according to following 6 categories; 1) Unnecessary Drug, 2) Wrong Drug, 3) Low Dose, 4) Overdose, 5) Wrong Instruction, 6) Wrong Combination. In results, Specialized Practitioner's prescriptions had more DRPs than General Practitioner's prescriptions (ENT 155.34% vs GP 130.01%). In detail, Specialized Practitioner's prescriptions had more DRPs in Low Dose (ENT 16.95% vs GP 4.77%), Overdose (ENT 6.72% vs G.P 5.51%), Wrong Instruction (ENT 7.91% vs GP 5.81%), Wrong Combination (ENT 29.31% vs GP 25.09%). These DRPs would be caused from lack of consideration for dosage and drug interaction. General Practitioner's prescriptions had more DRPs in Unnecessary Drug (ENT 70.37% vs GP 78.85%), Wrong drug (ENT 4.12% vs GP 9.98%). These DRPs would be associated with drug selection. This study was assumed that Specialized Practitioner is better prescriber than General Practitioner because Specialized Practitioner complete additional intern and residency training. But, Specialized Practitioner is not always better prescriber than General Practitioner. Furthermore, prescriptions of both Specialized Practitioner and General Practitioner had many problems. In conclusion, It could be cut down the excessive medical expense and expected more efficient medical care by reducing DRPs, thus contributing to the improvement of national health. In order to pharmacist must have good professional ability of pharmacotherapy to help the physician for the drug selection.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2016

In this study, the SCAMPER method which is a creative thinking method is applied in the food and beverage class of a specialized high school NCS study module to enhance creative thinking and investigate the influence on learning motivation of students. For verification, 10 sessions of 50 minutes classes were performed on 1, 2 grade students in H high school located in Gyeonggi-do Yangju City from August to November 2015 subject to 54 subjects in the experiment group and 54 subject in the control group. To look into the influence of the NCS food and beverage practice class using the SCAMPER method on learning motivation, pre post survey investigation was conducted on the students for measurements through surveys to deduct conclusions. As a result, it was verified that the NCS food and beverage practice class using the SCAMPER method had positive influence on the learning motivation of specialized high school students and positive change was also found in the awareness of SCAMPER method using classes and creative activities in the students. In this study, the influence of the NCS food and beverage practice class using the SCAMPER method on learning motivation subject to specialized high school students is investigated to have meaning as data to expand the research range of NCS food and beverage practice education.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.134-148
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• 2008

In this study, a survey was conducted to determine the understanding by teachers at KIPO-funded high schools of the specialized training of invention patent personnel. The subjects were 4 high schools and 126 copies of questionnaires were collected for analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, teachers understand that it is particularly important to provide a specialized training for students so that they can more effectively adapt to the changes in their lives. They also consider basic job skills training, moral education and job readiness training as equally important. Second, they recognize the necessity for a specialized training of invention patent personnel. Third, they think that redundant teachers arising from the reform of the curriculum for specialized training should be provided with minor training. Fourth, they think that the reform of the curriculum for specialized training should consider the following aspects: the development of a curriculum for invention patent-specialized high schools, the strengthening of administrative financial supports, the creation of a consensus among those involved for the success of the specialized training, the development of textbooks and materials, and the consideration of the future prospects and current conditions of the invention patent industry. Fifth, they think that the successful operation of specialized high schools requires the consideration of the following factors: users' understanding, conformance, selection & concentration and uniqueness.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2017

This study investigated student engagement of STEM-specialized higher education institutions in comparison with students from humanities & social science and STEM majors, respectively. By doing so, the study aimed to find the effects of the characteristics of STEM disciplines and organizational culture of STEM-specialized small-sized institutions on student engagement. The students majoring STEM disciplines, regardless of the organizational types, showed lower reflective-integrative learning experiences compared to students on humanities & social science disciplines. In contrast, students of STEM-specialized institutions reported significantly higher levels of peer relationship and student-faculty interaction in comparison with humanities & social science students and STEM students of general higher education institutions. Finally, the study suggests policy implications for STEM education.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1394-1400
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• 2008

This study investigates the Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) Method for the railroad vehicle. Recently, RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety) is one of the most important issues in the railroad industry. FMECA is prerequisite for the RAMS Analysis, and it is a procedure to identify the potential failure modes and their effects and to reduce or mitigate the critical effects on the system. FMECA is used in various industries and it is specialized in each industry. For instance, MIL-1629a and SAE-J1739 are specialized FMECA method for Military industry and Automotive industry, respectively. Although the railroad industry requires the high reliability system, it does not have a specialized FMECA yet. Thus, in this paper, an FMECA method specialized to the railroad vehicle was proposed through analyses and comparison of the MIL-1629a, SAE-J1739 and IEC-60812 standards.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2005

This exploratory study investigated the software programs utilized by clinical dietitians and their perceptions on the use of information technology. The study focused on the use of specialized software for dietetics, general software for any office use and the Internet. A self-administered survey was used to collect data from clinical dietitians identified in the Kentucky Dietetic Association Directory 2003-2004. The survey was conducted in March through April, 2004. A total of 22 responses were collected, which yielded a response rate of $68\%$. Findings suggest that computer use has become a routine for optimal clinical practice ; major specialized software programs are used for nutrition assessment, nutrition analysis and menu development. Use of specialized software appears to be unassociated with dietitians' age and years of experience ; however, the associations are indicated between use of specialized software and education level as well as their specialty ; word processing and spreadsheet are the major general software used. Internet is used mainly for information search and communication. Respondents perceived that overall work efficiency and productivity significantly increased with computer use. The complexity of software is the major barrier encountered so training is the most needed support by the department. Strategic promotion on the use of specialized software should be targeted to the management team of the hospitals/facilities.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.463-475
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• 2005

This paper aims at examining the current states of regional industrial structures, and secondly, analyzing the specialized industries in Youngnam Area, and finally, elucidating its policy implications. The main results of this paper are as follows. The characteristics of specialized industries are different between regions, in terms of static-dynamic dimension, static dimension and dynamic dimension. As a results, the effects of the activating strategies of regional specialized industries are quite different by regions. Therefore, some policy implications are elucidated, as follows. Firstly, different strategy may be committed according to the characteristics of specialized industries. Secondly, the activating strategies of regional specialized industries and regional innovation strategies may be confused considering the changing trends into knowledge based economies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.3 s.32
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• pp.67-80
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• 2006

The concept of RIS(Regional Innovation System) has widely been used in discourse and policy issues in Korea. But most studies of RIS concern on BT or IT industries combining with diverse regional agencies in urban areas. Some other studies were concentrated on general ideas or concept of the RIS. The purposes of this study are (1) to suggest a analytical method to select specialized industry in local autonomy, (2) to analyze the relationship between specialized industry and gross sales of agricultural products and stock farm products, (3) to analyze the relationship between gross sales of agricultural products and stock farm products and GRDP, and (4) to construct a model of RIS that fits particularly for rural areas. This study particularly accentuates that a specialized industry is more meaningful when it can raise GRDP, which eventually can give positive effect of RIS on regions.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.40-63
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to identify internal and external factors that affect specialized technical high school students' career decision status. It then uses career decision types to predict the variables which have the impact on emotional aspects of specialized technical high school student who feel comfortable or uncomfortable after career decision in order to help specialized technical high school students choose their career. The subject of this study consist a total of 809 male and female students attending specialized technical high school located in South Korea. Data were analyzed to investigate the types of career decision status of specialized technical high school students using the SPSS 21.0 program. The results obtained through the study were as follows. Types of career decision status of specialized technical high school students were divided into four groups based on career decision status and types of emotional state. Results showed the decision-comfort(51.3%), decision-discomfort(25.6%), indecision- discomfort(15.3%), indecision-comfort(1.3%) in order. Social support were selected as variables affecting the comfort and discomfort of two groups and the determining factor which distinguished four groups. Result of the analysis showed that social support has statistically significant impact on whether it was decision or not and comfort or not. But career decision-making self-efficacy has no big impact on career decision types. Taking all results of this study together, we can see that specialized technical high school students feel comfortable and they decide the career, but still many students feel uncomfortable on their decision after deciding their career. It suggests the need of development and operation of program about emotional status of career decision which can help specialized technical high school students prepare their career comfortably after they decide on the career, and the need of segmented career counseling approach including social support group.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2007

This study investigated the university proffssors', pre-service teachers' and in-service teachers' perceptions of the specialized science education courses in the 11 national universities of education in Korea, analyzed their perception differences, and made suggestions the future directions for the specialized courses. For this study, 46 university professors, 402 in-service teachers, and 336 pre-service teachers were participated nationwide. The results show that there were significant differences in their perceptions between the three groups. For university professors, for example, the acquisition of science content knowledge appeared to be the most important objective of the courses, whereas the other groups preferred the acquisition of more practical knowledge and skills that they could easily use and apply in their classroom teaching later. The university professors tended to think that the science specialized courses would be very useful to the teachers' teaching and contribute to developing their professionality. On the contrary, the in-service and pre-service teachers tended to think that the courses would be not so useful because science theories construct the courses rather than practical knowledge. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the future science teacher education.