• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1951-1966
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• 2020

Recent advancements in mobile device technology have enabled real-time positioning so that mobile patterns of people and favorable locations can be identified and related researches have become plentiful. One of the fields of research is the relationship between the object properties and the favored location to visit. The object properties of a person include personality, which is a major property jobs, income, gender, and age. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the human personality and the preference of the location to visit. We used Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient, one of the many methods that can be used to determine the correlation between two variables. Instead of using actual data values, Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient deals with the ranks of the two data sets. In our research, the personality and the location data sets are used. Our personality data is ranked in five ranks and the location data is ranked in 8 ranks. Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient showed better results compared to Pearson linear correlation coefficient and Kendall rank correlation coefficient. Using Spearman's correlation coefficient, the degree of the relationship between the personality and the location preference is found to be 43%.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.439-451
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• 1995

Ranked data are widely used in the area of social sciences, for instance in polls and preference surveys, in which a number of objects (or stimuli) are evaluted and ranked by a panel of judges (or subject) according to their preference. We propose a graphical method for ranked data by quantifying objects and judges. In a plot for judges, the interpoint distances can be interpreted as Spearman or Kendall distance between two rankings given by respective judges. Similarly, we also construct a plot for objects with a sensible relationship to the previous plot for judges.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2019

The wide spread of genuine and fake information on internet has lead to various studies on text analysis. Copying and pasting others' work without acknowledgement, research results manipulation without proof has been trending for a while in the era of data science. Various tools have been developed to reduce, combat and possibly eradicate plagiarism in various research fields. Text similarity measurements can be manually done by using both parametric and non parametric methods of which this study implements cosine similarity and Pearson correlation as parametric while Spearman correlation as non parametric. Cosine similarity and Pearson correlation metrics have achieved highest coefficients of similarity while Spearman shown low similarity coefficients. We recommend the use of non parametric methods in measuring text similarity due to their non normality assumption as opposed to the parametric methods which relies on normality assumptions and biasness.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.111-122
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• 2010

Since educating digital convergence is to unite various sciences and technologies with computer as the central figure, it has different range and methods of education. Therefore, it has problems with recommending limited conceptual information because of difficulties to standardize education plan and teaching strategies. In this paper, I propose education plan and teaching strategy system by using Spearman correlation coefficients. This system is to find a solution against disadvantage of recommending limited conceptual information by ranking relations of teaching strategies from the information based on the demand of industrial and academic fields, and then provides lists of teaching strategy information suitable for user's atmosphere and characteristics. Performance test is to compare effects of precision and recall with existing service systems. The test shows 90.4% of precision and 77.6% of recall.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

Throughout the analysis of field data from water distribution system, valid parameters were determined that can be included in the water service and design plan. This study investigates water consumption patterns to understand the variation of water-demand structures utilizing the pattern analysis of domestic purpose water. Water use data were collected by a public water resources management firm in Korea, Kwater, for 140 houses monitored during three years. Flow meters were installed at the faucet for drinking water, the shower booth, the laundry machine, bathroom sink, toilet, and garden faucet. Data was filtered using multiple physically meaningful criteria to improve analysis credibility. Mann Kendall and Spearman's Rho tests were used to carry out the analysis. Distinct factors of water consumption patterns can be determined for both increasing and decreasing trends of water use. Throughout the data analysis, the characterization of terms was classified and analyzed by the condition of the location of water-demand. Analysis of this data provide a physical basis for the parameter configuration of a reasonable design for a domestic water demand prediction model.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.1798-1806
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated whether there is a significant relationship between the natural radiation dose rate and the cancer incidences in Korea by using a big data analysis. The natural dose rate data for this analysis were the measurement data obtained from the 171 monitoring posts of the 113 administrative districts in Korea over the 10 years from 2007 to 2016. The relative cancer incidences for this analysis were the difference in the cancer patients per hundred thousand people year-on-year in the administrative districts with the five highest and the five lowest natural gamma dose rates each year over the same period. To analyze the correlation between the two variables, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the two rates was derived using R, a well-known big data analysis tool. The analysis showed that Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was more than 0.05 and that the correlation between the two variables was not statistically significant.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to explore the accuracy and reliability of subjective evaluation instruments in evaluating sensibility of similar fabrics, Kendall's coefficient of concordance W (agreement among subjects) and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (reproducibility after 1 week) were used to evaluate which one is more efficient. Eight kinds of linen-like silk fabrics finished with polyurethane resin were used, Subjective evaluation instruments such as rating scale method, contrasting method against a control, rank ordering method, paired comparison and Quad analysis were used, 'Stiffness and Pliability' and 'Preference of summer fabric' were estimated, From the result of subjective stiffness and pliability, which are effective on objective properties of fabric, the rating scale method in Kendall's coefficient of concordance W and Quad analysis in Spearman rank correlation coefficient were given the highest score, From the result of subjective preference of summer fabric, which are effective on individual sensibility, contrasting method against a control in Kendall's coefficient of concordance W and Quad analysis in Spearman rank correlation coefficient revealed the highest score, Regarding the accuracy, reliability and efficiency, Quad analysis was an efficient method for subjective evaluation of linen-like silk fabrics.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

Purpose: This research aims to find the link between public service Distribution and individual job performance in the provincial municipality. Research design, data, and methodology: This is a quantitative approach study with a non-experimental and correlational design. The sample consisted of 140 employees appointed and hired by the provincial municipality of Huaraz. For data collection, Two questionnaires with an ordinal Likert-type scale and the Rho Spearman correlation coefficient were used to assess the link between the research variables., For Analysis: two questionnaires with an ordinal Likert-type scale and the Rho Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the connection between the research variables. Results: It was determined that both variables have a high degree of correlation (0.725), indicating a direct and significant relationship between the Distribution of public service and skill performance in the provincial municipality (0.614). Conclusion: Finally, this allows us to conclude that the institutional context is essential; that is, there is a significant correlation between the PSM and contextual performance in the provincial municipality of Huaraz, which has a Rho Spearman value of 0.723.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2013

Purpose: The level of the implant above the marginal bone and flap design have an effect on the bone resorption during the healing period. The aim of this study is to detect the relationship between the level of the implant at the implant placement and the bone level at the healing period in the mesial and distal side of implants placed with flapless (FL) and full-thickness flap (FT) methods. Methods: Twenty-two nonsubmerged implants were placed with the FL and FT technique. Periapical radiographs were taken of the patient at implant placement, and at 6 and 12 weeks. By using computer software, bone level measurements were taken from the shoulder of the healing cap to the first bone implant contact in the mesial and distal side of the implant surface. Results: At 6 weeks, the correlation between the crestal bone level at the implant placement and crestal bone level of the FT mesially was significant (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.675, P<0.023). At 12 weeks, in the FT mesially, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.297, P<0.346). At 6 weeks in the FT distally, the correlation was nonsignificant (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.512, P<0.107). At 12 weeks in the FT distally, the correlation was significant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.730, P<0.011). At 6 weeks in the FL mesially, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.083, P<0.809). At 12 weeks in the FL mesially, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient= 0.062, P<0.856). At 6 weeks in the FL distally, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.197, P<0.562). At 12 weeks in the FL distally, the correlation was significant (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.692, P<0.018). Conclusions: A larger sample size is recommended to verify the conclusions in this preliminary study. The bone level during the healing period in the FT was more positively correlated with the implant level at implant placement than in the FL.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.95-108
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• 1998

This study is the second study which was aimed to validate the Infant/ Toddler Environment Rating Scale(ITERS). The test-retest reliability included 10 infant/toddler classes among 30 national/public and private child care centers in Inchon city which had been observed in the first validation study. The Spearman's correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was ranged from .52 to .84. In addition, two raters observed 10 family day care centers in Inchon city, where two observers independently rated each centers on the ITERS during a single visit. The Spearman's correlation coefficient for interrater reliability was ranged from.72 to .99 For the second measure of content validity, experts who were working in day care centers and who were graduate students, lecturers, or professors majoring child studies rated the appropriateness of each ITERS items for the provision of high-quality programs for infants and toddlers, using a 1(low) to 5(high) scale. The mean rating was ranged from 2.52 to 4.52. In sum, when the rating scores were analyzed by the type of child care centers, national/public child care centers have better quality than private or family child care centers.