• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.133-158
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to try to date the letters of Lady Susan and to find out which year's calender Jane Austen used to write the novel. The novel in forty-one letters with a brief narrated conclusion was transcribed as a fair copy by Jane Austen around 1805. However, no conclusive evidence for a precise date of composition exists, as only the fair copy survives. There is a watermark of 1805 on two leaves of the surviving manuscript of the transcribed copy. This indicates the period of the work's transcription but it does not indicate when it was first composed beyond suggesting that it was completed sometime before 1805. In the novel itself Jane Austen marked time sufficiently and frequently enough to allow us to follow it precisely. This strongly suggests that Jane Austen used a calender to write letters of the novel, even though dates and days were not given to the letters. To determine the most probable date of the calender is significant because it can be a clue to clarify when the novel was composed originally. Many words and phrases pointing to specific days or periods are mentioned in almost all the letters of the novel. From the words and phrases, a potential date to each letter can be successfully deduced and a potential possible calender for the novel can be made. In the end, all attempts to determine the authentic calender used for the novel fail. The main reason for the failure is that discovering clues to a specific authentic date to each letter proves internally impossible. Composition date of the novel still remains as a challenge requiring further study.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2014

Phytoplankton species composition and ecological index (diversity, evenness, richness and dominance) were analysed from April 2013 to March 2014 at 10 stations of cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas culture area in Iwon coast, Korea. Seasonal and positional variation of phytoplankton standing crops, biomass, dominant species and water quality were distinctively different according to occasionally inflow of Iwon dam reservoired water. The composition of phytoplankton species were Bacillariophyceae 98, Dinophycease 22, Chlorophycease 13, Cyanophyceae 8, Silicofalgellate 4, Euglenophyceae 2, Cryptophyceae 1 species. The most dominant species was Bacillariophyceae as 64.0%. The highest biomass of phytoplankton recorded in September as $40,910{\times}10^3$ cell/L at the station 1, near from inland water inflow area. Ecological indices (diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance index), used for structural change of phytoplankton community and water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity) showed difference of spatiotemporal property also.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.2 s.70
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• pp.58-68
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• 2006

This study is carried out for the purpose of investigating the property of phosphogypsum, and suggesting the proper recycling system for it. The chemical composition, mineralogical composition, particle size distribution and shape of phosphogypsum were investigated. The size distribution and constitution of impurities, distribution of heavy metals are also investigated. In conclusion, the grade and yield of recoverable phosphogypsum were discussed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition difference and obesity prevalence in grade 5 to 8 by gender. A total of 1,333 students, 707 boys and 631 girls, were recruited from one elementary and one middle school in Seoul, Korea. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, lean body mass, and body fat were assessed. Height and weight were increased by grade, but Body Mass Index (BMI) by grade showed no significant difference among boys. Lean body mass had growth spurt between 7 and 8 grade among boys compared to gradual increase among girls. Overweight and obesity prevalence were higher among elementary schoolers than middle schoolers. Overweight (BMI for age> $85^{th}$ percentile) prevalence was about $44\%$ among $5^{th}$ grade boys compared $29\%$ among same grade girls. These results provided that there were prominent difference regarding body growth and obesity prevalence in gender and grade. Further studies for children and adolescents should be considered their body composition change.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.846-850
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• 2004

NiCo silicide films have been fabricated from $300{\AA}-thick\;Ni_{1-x}Co_{x}(x=0.1\sim0.9)$ on Si-substrates by varying RTA(rapid thermal annealing) temperatures from $700^{\circ}C\;to\;1100^{\circ}C$ for 40 sec. Sheet resistance, cross-sectional microstructure, and chemical composition evolution were measured by a four point probe, a transmission electron microscope(TEM), and an Auger depth profilemeter, respectively. For silicides of the all composition and temperatures except for $80\%$ of the Ni composition, we observed small sheet resistance of sub- $7\;{\Omega}/sq.,$ which was stable even at $1100^{\circ}C$. We report that our newly proposed NiCo silicides may obtain sub 50 nm-thick films by tunning the nickel composition and silicidation temperature. New NiCo silicides from NiCo-alloys may be more appropriate for sub-0.1${\mu}m$ CMOS process, compared to conventional single phase or stacked composit silicides.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 2006

Purpose of this study is proposal of estimating method about window thermal performance that based on KS F 2278 'Test method of thermal resistance for windows and doors' due to material composition of PVC frame window. First step of this study is research of present state about material composition of PVC frame window. Second is selection of main effective elements about window thermal resistance. For example, composition of Glazing, Frame area ratio of total window area, frame width, opening type, area of heat transfer and so on. Third is multiple regression analysis about thermal performance of PVC frame window due to main effective elements. It produces equations of multiple regression analysis due to opening type. Case of sliding window is $Y=0.149+0.034X_g+0.248X_{far}$, 4track sliding is $Y=0.584+0.175X_g+1.355X_{far}-0.008X_{fw}$, Tilt & Turn window is $Y=-0.161+0.076X_g+0.576X_{far}+0.0008X_{fw}$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.574-580
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• 2021

The main goal of this study was to find an optimal surfactant mixture composition for the development of the best performing cleansing products. Three different surfactants including sodium cocoyl alaninate (SCoA), cocamidopropyl betaine (CPB), and decyl glucoside (DG) were selected, which showed excellent properties in detergency, foaming height, and contamination rate through preliminary experiments. The experiments by simplex centroid design matrix for surfactant mixtures were performed, and the regression analysis was conducted with the experimental data. Surface response model equations, which is statistically significant (p < 0.05), were obtained. The optimal composition of the surfactant mixture was also determined as SCoA (0.22), CPB (0.78), and DG(0.00) from simultaneous optimization of three response variables.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food and Cookery Science Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.170-171
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.372-374
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• 2008