• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1327-1330
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• 2011

Dehydration of 1-phenylethanol to produce styrene has been studied in liquid phase with three solid acid catalysts such as H-ZSM-5, H-Y and Amberlyst-15. Amberlyst-15 shows the highest conversion and styrene yield, suggesting the applicability of a resin catalyst in the dehydration. The good performance of the Amberlyst-15 may be due to high acid concentration and ready diffusion of reactants and products. A possible reaction scheme (such as the formation of styrene from diphenylethylether) has also been suggested.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.339-341
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• 2008

Catalytic trimerization of isobutene to produce triisobutenes has been performed over cation-exchange resin and zeolite catalysts. Resin catalysts have the advantage of long lifetime and high trimers selectivity even though the regeneration of an aged catalyst is not satisfactory. On the contrary, zeolite catalysts can be regenerated facilely by simple calcination in air even though the lifetime is short and trimers selectivity is low probably due to small pore size and strong acidity, respectively. It is, therefore highly desirable to develop an inorganic acid catalyst with macro- or meso-pores to show catalytic performances similar or superior to those of macroporous resin catalysts.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.2385-2390
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• 2011

Preparation of ammonium dihydrogenphosphate supported on alumina ($NH_4H_2PO_4/Al_2O_3$) and its primary application as a solid acid supported heterogeneous catalyst to the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles by a one-pot, four-component condensation of benzil, aromatic aldehydes, primary amines, and ammonium acetate under thermal solvent-free conditions were described. The results showed that the novel catalyst has high activity and the desired products were obtained in high yields. Furthermore, the products could be separated simply from the catalyst, and the catalyst could be recycled and reused with only slight reduction in its catalytic activity. Characterization of the catalyst was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy, the $N_2$ adsorption/desorption analysis (BET), thermal analysis (TG/DTG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2002

The hydropurification reaction of CTA (crude terephthalic acid) was carried out with hydrogen over PdRu/CCM (carbon-carbonaceous composite material) catalyst in a batch reactor at high temperature. The first order kinetics of hydropurification is confirmed with the linear dependence of ln(4-CBA; 4-carboxybenzaldehyde) with reaction time. The reaction condition studied is thought to represent the hydropurification well because of the linear dependence of catalytic activity on the catalyst weight. The p-toluic acid (p-tol) in solid and liquid increases with the conversion of reaction or the decrease of 4-CBA. However, the benzoic acid (BA) concentration does not depend much on the conversion. The AT (alkali transmittance) does not depend on the 4-CBA when the concentration is higher than about 0.2% which shows the 4-CBA, in itself, does not cause the coloring effect. The AT of PTA depends inversely with the concentration of 4-CBA when the 4-CBA is less than about 0.15%. This may show the coloring materials are removed in parallel with the hydrogenation of 4-CBA. The (0.3%Pd-0.2%Ru)/CCM shows larger residual catalytic activity than a commercial catalyst, 0.5%Pd/C, after using in a commercial reactor even though the former has smaller fresh activity than the latter. The palladium and ruthenium in PdRu/CCM show the synergetic effect in activity when the ruthenium concentration is about $0.2{\sim}0.35$ wt%. It may be supposed that the PdRu/CCM catalyst can be a promising candidate to replace the commercial Pd/C catalyst.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.587-593
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• 2011

As a result of increasing environmental concerns related to air quality and maintenance of automobiles, the alkylation of isobutane with olefins has become an even more important process for production of high quality gasoline. However, the widespread use of the alkylation process is limited by the polluting and corrosive liquid acid catalysts (HF and $H_2SO_4$) currently used in industry. For the reason, a large number of solid catalysts, especially zeolites, have been studied as an environmental friendly catalyst in this process. Recently, mesoporous solid acids and ionic liquids have been investigated as a green catalyst. In this review, the research of environmental friendly catalysts for an isobutane alkylation is summarized.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.445-449
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• 2014

A convenient and efficient method has been developed for the one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) compounds. Dihydropyrimidinone derivatives were synthesized in good yields using ethyl acetoacetate, aldehyde (aromatic and aliphatic) and urea or thiourea in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles as a catalyst in $H_2O$ as solvent at $80^{\circ}C$. This green chemistry procedure applied to the Biginelli reaction using ZnO nanoparticles as catalyst and illustrated as a rapid preparation of DHPMs in water as solvent. The products were identified by physical data (mp) by comparison with those reported in the literatures.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.487-490
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• 2008

Temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) is used to characterize coke species deposited on commercial nickel catalyst, C11-PR during propane pre-reforming. Propane pre-reforming performed under various condition, S/C from 1.5 to 2.5 and temperature from $350^{\circ}C$ to $450^{\circ}C$. There are three kinds of coke species detected by TPO: (i) reactive coke, (ii) coke deposited on metal site and (iii) coke deposited on acid support. Coke deposited on metal and support are minimized although reactive coke is generated at temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ and S/C of 2.0. Reactive coke is expected to remove easily below temperature of $200^{\circ}C$. Therefore, optimized pre-reforming condition for propane is $400^{\circ}C$ and S/C of 2.0.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.583-588
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• 2010

Esterification of free fatty acid with methanol to biodiesel was investigated in a batch reactor using various solid acid catalysts, such as polymer cation-exchanged resins with sulfuric acid functional group(Amberlyst-15, Dowex 50Wx8), acidic ionic liquids (ILs)-modified silica gels respectively with $-SO_3H$ and $-SO_2Cl$ functional group ($SiO_2-[ASBI][HSO_4]$, $SiO_2-[ASCBI][HSO_4]$) and grafted silica gels respectively with $-SO_3H$ and $-SO_2Cl$ functional group ($SiO_2-R-SO_3H$, $SiO_2-R-SO_2Cl$). The effects of reaction time, temperature, reactant concentration(molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid), and catalyst amount were studied. Allylimidazolium-based ILs on modified silica gels were superior to other tested solid acid catalysts. Especially, the performance of $SiO_2-[ASBI][HSO_4]$ (immobilized by grafting of 3-allyl-1-(4-sulfobutyl)imidazolium hydrogen sulfate on silica gel) was better than that of a widely known Amberlyst-15 catalyst at the same reaction conditions. A high conversion yield of 96% was achieved in the esterification reaction of the simulated cooking oil at 353 K for 2 h. The high catalytic activity of $SiO_2-[ASBI][HSO_4]$ was attributed to the presence of strong Brønsted acid sites from the immobilized functional groups. The catalyst was recovered and the biodiesel product was separated by simple processes such as decantation and filtration.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.114.2-114.2
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• 2010

Fisher-Tropsch 반응을 통하여 생성되는 왁스는 황 또는 질소 성분을 포함하지 않으며 또한 방향족 및 중금속 성분이 없기 때문에 청정 수송유로써 사용이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 Fisher-Tropsch 왁스는 그 분자량이 매우 큰 사슬형 탄화수소이기 때문에 수소첨가 분해반응을 통하여 중질유 range의 탄소수를 갖는 탄화수소로의 전환 기술이 반드시 필요하다. 이러한 수소첨가 분해반응에 사용되는 촉매는 강한 산점을 지니고 있는 양이온 교환 지르코니아가 대표적이라 할 수 있는데 최근 들어 강한 산점과 높은 산밀도, 그리고 기공의 모양과 크기에 따라 특정 반응이 제어되거나 활성화되는 형상선택성을 가지고 있기 때문에 다양한 반응에 촉매로 사용되는 제올라이트에 Pt 등의 귀금속을 담지한 촉매를 사용하여 Fisher-Tropsch 왁스의 전환율 및 중질유분의 선택도를 높이는 기술에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 제올라이트 촉매에 귀금속을 담지하여 촉매를 제조하고 1L 급 고압 배치형 반응기를 이용하여 Fisher-Tropsch 왁스의 수소첨가 분해반응에 의한 중질유 제조 실험을 수행하고 그 결과를 고찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.563-570
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• 2012

Solid acid Mo(VI)/$ZrO_2$ with 2-10% Mo(VI) was coated on honeycomb monoliths by impregnation method. These catalytic materials were characterized by BET, $NH_3$-TPD/n-butylamine back titration, PXRD and SEM techniques. Phenyl salicylate (Salol) was synthesized via transesterification of methyl salicylate and phenol over these catalytic materials. An excellent yield (91.0%) of salol was obtained under specific reaction conditions. The effect of poisoning of acid sites of the catalytic material by adsorbing different bases and its effect on total surface acidity, powder XRD phases and catalytic activity was studied. A triangular correlation between the surface acidity, powder XRD phases and catalytic activity of Mo(VI)/$ZrO_2$ was observed. The thermally regenerated catalytic material was reused repeatedly with a consistent high yield of salol.