• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2008

This work aimed to evaluate 11 potato families for insect resistance horticultural traits. The families were derived from crosses between introduced insect resistant and adapted genotypes. A randomized complete block design, with three replications was used. The plot consisted of 25 genotypes of a family, summing up to 75 genotypes tested per family. Two susceptible cultivars were included in the experiment as checks. The genotypes were evaluated for insect resistance, tuber yield traits, tuber appearance and tuber skin smoothness. The genetic value for the intensity of insect attack in the leaves and in the tubers was lower(higher resistance) in the 11 families than in the checks. For yield traits, there was no predominant effect among the families regarding the origin of the resistant donor species(Solanum berthaultii and/or S. chacoense). However, there was a large contribution of the C-1485-16-87 recurrent parent in crosses with resistant genotypes for tuber yield and tuber number. In relation to tuber appearance, only the family derived form the C-1485-16-87/ ND140(S. berthaultii) cross did not differ from the checks. had genetic value tuber skin smoothness, it was identified that families derived from S. berthaultii resistant parents showed higher genetic values than the check cultivars. For tuber skin smoothness, the genetic values of the families neither differed significantly from each other nor from the checks.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.536-545
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• 2019

Cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds in most organisms. P450s have great potential as biocatalysts in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries because they catalyze diverse oxidative reactions using a wide range of substrates. The high-cost nicotinamide cofactor, NADPH, is essential for P450 reactions. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) has been commonly used in NADPH-generating systems (NGSs) to provide NADPH for P450 reactions. Currently, only two G6PDHs from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be obtained commercially. To supply high-cost G6PDH cost-effectively, we cloned the cytosolic G6PDH gene of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) with 6xHis tag, expressed it in Escherichia coli, and purified the recombinant G6PDH (His-G6PDH) using affinity chromatography. In addition, enzymatic properties of His-G6PDH were investigated, and the His-G6PDH-coupled NGS was optimized for P450 reactions. His-G6PDH supported CYP102A1-catalyzed hydroxylation of omeprazole and testosterone by NADPH generation. This result suggests that tomato His-G6PDH could be a cost-effective enzyme source for NGSs for P450-catalyzed reactions as well as other NADPH-requiring reactions.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2011

한국산 가지과 12속 22분류군의 종자 특징을 해부현미경과 주사전자현미경을 통하여 관찰하고 자세히 기재하였다. 연구된 분류군의 종자 색깔은 노란색에서 검정색까지 관찰되며, 종자 형태는 신장형에서 원형까지 나타났다. 종자 크기는 길이 0.56-4.29 mm, 폭 0.38-3.20 mm로, Datural metel이 가장 크고 Petunia hybrida가 가장 작았다. 종자의 표면무늬는 세 가지 유형으로 과립형, 과립상-망상형, 망상형이 나타났다. 수층벽의 유형은 파상형과 직선형으로 관찰되었다. 대부분의 분류군은 파상형을 갖고, Datura속, Petunia속, Scopolia속에서는 직선형만 관찰되었으며, Nicandra physalodes는 직선형과 파상형을 모두 갖는다. Solanum속내 일부 분류군에서는 종자의 수층벽 상단부위에 모용처럼 보이는 섬유소가 관찰되었다(S. japonense, S. lyratum, S. lycopersicum). 한국산 가지과에 대한 종자의 형태학적 형질을 속별로 기재하였고, 그 분류학적 유용성에 대해 논의하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as tomato, is widely used in raw, cooked, or liquid forms because it contains nutritional compounds that are beneficial for human health, including carotenoids, lycopene, ascorbic acid, vitamins, and minerals. The tomato is perhaps the most widely studied fruit, especially with respect to its cardioprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which the tomato elicits its anti-inflammatory properties. We treated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with a tomato ethanol extract and performed various biochemical assays including nitric oxide inhibition, cell viability, RNA extraction, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and immunoblotting, as well we assessed cell survival rates. Our results have shown for the first time that a tomato ethanol extract treatment can suppress nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Moreover, it inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines and elicits its anti-inflammatory effects via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, administration of tomato syrup potently rescued mice from septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide injection. Collectively, our results elucidate details regarding the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of tomato.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1677-1684
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• 2018

Objective: To find biological functions such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities in several tropical plants and to investigate the possibility of antibiotic substitute agents to prevent and treat diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Plants such as Poncirus trifoliata fruit (Makrut), Zingiber officinale Rosc (Khing), Areca catechu L. (Mak), Solanum melongena L. I (Makkhuayao), and Solanum melongena L. II (Makhurapro) were extracted by methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The free radical scavenging activities were measured using 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl photometric assay. Antibacterial activities with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were observed by agar diffusion assay against pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, Haemopilus parasuis, Clostridium perfringens, and Pantoea agglomerans. Results: Poncirus trifoliata fruit methanol extract showed antibacterial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. Additionally, this showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Burkholderia sp. and Haemopilus somnus with MIC $131{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Areca catechu L. water extract showed antibacterial activities against Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, and Haemopilus parasuis. The MIC value for Haemopilus parasuis was $105{\mu}g/mL$ in this. Antioxidant activity of Zingiber officinale Rosc n-hexane extract showed 2.23 mg/mL effective concentration 50% ($EC_{50}$) value was the highest activity among tropical plants extracts. Total polyphenol content in Zingiber officinale Rosc methanol extract was $48.4{\mu}g/mL$ and flavonoid content was $22.1{\mu}g/mL$ showed the highest values among tested plants extracts. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that tropical plants used in this study may have a potential benefit as an alternative antibiotics agent through their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.117-119
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• 2003

가지 흰비단병이 2002년 경상남도농업기술원 가지 재배포장에서 관찰되었다. 이 병의 병징은 가지의 지제부위가 수침상으로 변하며 썩으면서 병반부위가 암갈색으로 변하고 시들어 말라 죽는다. 병반부위에 흰색 곰팡이가 솜털처럼 발생하는 흰비단병 특유의 병징이 나타났다. 병반부와 PDA 배지에서 갈색을 띤 구형의 균핵이 많이 형성되었으며, 크기는 $1.0{\sim}3.4mm$였다. PDA배지 상에서 균사 생육적온은 $30^{\circ}C$이며, 병원균 특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었으며 크기는 $3.8{\sim}10.6{\mu}m$였다. 병원균의 균학적 특성과 병원성을 검정한 결과 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 가지 흰비단병으로 명명할 것을 제안한다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2011

The cultivated potato as well as its tuber-bearing relatives are considered model plants for cell and tissue culture, and therefore for exploiting the genetic variation induced by in vitro culture. The association between molecular stability and tissue culture in different genetic backgrounds and ploidy levels has already been explored. However, it still remains to be ascertained whether somaclonal variation differs between callus-derived chromosome-doubled and undoubled regenerants. Our research aimed at investigating, through amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, the genetic changes in marker-banding patterns of diploid and tetraploid regenerants obtained from one clone each of Solanum bulbocastanum Dunal and S. cardiophyllum Lindl (both 2n = 2x = 24) and tetraploids from cultivated S. tuberosum L. (2n = 4x = 48). Pairwise comparisons between the banding patterns of regenerants and parents allowed detecting considerable changes associated to in vitro culture both at diploid and tetraploid level. The percentages of polymorphic bands between diploid and tetraploid regenerants were, respectively, 57 and 69% in S. bulbocastanum and 58 and 63% in S. cardiophyllum. On average, the frequencies of lost parental fragments in regenerants were significantly higher than novel bands both in S. bulbocastanum (48 vs. 22%) and S. tuberosum (36 vs. 18%) regenerants. By contrast, in S. cardiophyllum, a similar incidence of the two events was detected (32 vs. 29%). Our results revealed that structural changes after tissue culture process strongly affected the genome of the species studied, but diploid and tetraploids regenerated plants responded equally.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2016

The efficacy of plant breeding has been enhanced by application of molecular markers in population screening and selection. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a major staple crop that is economically important with worldwide distribution. It is valued for its spicy taste and medicinal effect. The aim of this study was to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), microsatellite markers information, and percentage sharing through orthologous analysis of pepper-specific pungency-related genes. Here, we report the results of transcriptome analysis and microsatellite markers for four pepper varieties that possess a pungency-related gene. Orthologous analyses was performed to identify species-specific pungency-related genes in pepper, Arabidopsis thaliana L., potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies enabled us to quickly and cost-effectively assemble and characterize genes to select molecular markers in various organisms, including pepper. We identified a total of 9762, 7302, 8596, and 6886 SNPs for the four pepper cultivars Blackcluster, Mandarine, Saengryeg 211, and Saengryeg 213, respectively. We used 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing to identify microsatellite markers and tri-nucleotide repeats (54.4%), the most common repeats, followed by di-, hexa-, tetra-, and penta-nucleotide repeats. A total of 5156 (15.9%) pepper-specific pungency-related genes were discovered as a result of orthologous analysis.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1990

1989년(年) 9월(月) 경남 북(慶南.北) 수로변(水路邊)에서 조사(調査)된 초종(草種)은 각각(各各) 33과(科) 88종(種) 및 33과(科) 96종(種)이었으며, 2차원적(次元的) 분류방법(分類方法)에 의(依)하여 경남지역(慶南地域)에 3개(個) 군락형(群落型)과 경북지역(慶北地域)의 5개(個) 군락형(群落型)이 조사(調査)되었다. 경남지역(慶南地域)의 군락(群落)은 피(Echinochloa crusgalli)군락(群落), 여뀌(Persicaria hydropiper)군락(群落) 및 고마리(Persicaria thunbergii)군락(群落) 등(等)이었고, 경북지역(慶北地域)은 환삼덩굴-미국가막사리(Humulus japonicus-Biden frondosa)군락(群落), 까마중(Solanum nigrum)군락(群落), 고마리-환삼덩굴(Persicaria thunbergii-Humulus japonicus)군락(群落), 환삼덩굴(Humulus japonicus)군락(群落) 및 고마리(Persicaria thunbergii)군락(群落) 등(等)이었다. 경남 북지역(慶南 北地域) 공(共)히 고마리, 여뀌 군락(群落)이 조사(調査)되었고 수생잡초(水生雜草)인 고마리, 여뀌가 수로변(水路邊)이 대표적(代表的)인 초종(草種)으로 조사(調査)되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2009

Thirty five methanol extracts from 19 natural local plants, which have been used as traditional anti-cancer medicine, were prepared. They were analyzed the cytotoxic effects on primary fibroblast cells and carcinoma cells. The root extract of Solanum nigrum were highly toxic in both cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of less than $0.01{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, and 26 of 35 extracts were toxic in all cells with $IC_{50}$ values of $0.1{\sim}2{\mu}g/{\mu}l$. Three extracts including the fruit extracts of Solanum nigrum and Morus alba had no cytotoxic activity in both cell lines. Five of 35 extracts were highly toxic in cancer cells than in primary cells. Because primary cells were more resistant on these extracts, the five extracts were selected for anti-cancer agent candidates. Apoptosis or programmed cell death has an essential role in chemotherapy-induced tumor cell killing. Recently, inducers of apoptosis have been used in cancer therapy. When two of 5 cancer cell-specific cytotoxic extracts (Ulmus parvifolia and Zelkova serrata) were treated in concentration of $0.02{\sim}0.1{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, apoptosis were increased at 3-5 times in cancer cell lines. Finally, the apoptotic effects of these extracts were confirmed by cleavages of both poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase and caspase-3 as apoptotic markers. In this report, we suggested that two of 35 medicinal herb extracts can be useful anti-cancer drug candidates inducing apoptosis in several carcinoma cell lines.