• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1640-1650
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• 2016

In this study, the effect of the polychaete antimicrobial peptide as feed additives on fish, olive flounder (Paralichythys olivaceus) and black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), immune activity was described. The antimicrobial peptide of the polychaete was induced by peptidoglycan from Micrococcus luteus. The fish were fed an experimental diet supplemented with 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% or 1% of immune induced the polychaete to a commercial diet. Haematological parameters, nonspecific immunes and stress were evaluated 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks during fed. The resistance against bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae, were analysed on after 8 weeks. The haematological parameters were not significantly changed among tested groups. But the lysozyme activities were significantly high in the 0.1% and 0.5% supplement group of olive flounder and black rockfish, respectively. Additionally, cortisol in plasma was low in the 0.1% and 0.5% supplement group of olive flounder and black rockfish, respectively. And resistance of these supplement groups were significantly induced against bacterial injection.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study is to measure spatio-temporal variation of forest tree volume based on the RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5 scenario, targeting on Pinus densiflora forests which is the main tree species in South Korea. To estimate nationwide scale, $5^{th}$ forest type map and National Forest Inventory data were used. Also, to reflect the impact of change in place and climate on growth of forest trees, growth model reflecting the climate and topography features were applied. The result of the model validation, which compared the result of the model with the forest statistics of different cities and provinces, showed a high suitability. Considering the continuous climate change, volume of Pinus densiflora forest is predicted to increase from $131m^3/ha$ at present to $212.42m^3/ha$ in the year of 2050. If the climate maintains as the present, volume is predicted to increase to $221.92m^3/ha$. With the climate change, it is predicted that most of the region, except for some of the alpine region, will have a decrease in growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest. The growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest will have a greater decline, especially in the coastal area and the southern area. With the result of this study, it will be possible to quantify the effect of climate change on the growth of Pinus densiflora forest according to spatio-temporal is possible. The result of the study can be useful in establishing the forest management practices, considering the adaptation of climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 2002

Fabricatio of the potassium-titanate fiber with K2O${\cdot}nTiO_2$ composition and coating of electrically conductive Sb-doped $SnO_2$ (ATO: Antimony Tin Oxide) layer on the fiber on the fiber were the fiber were the aims of this work. The fiber fabricated by slow-cooling technique showed the mean length of $15{\mu}m$ and mean diameter of $0.5{\mu}m$. Three different coating methods i.e, sol-gel, co-precipitation and urea technique, were attempted to coat the conductive ATO layer on the potassium-titanate fiber. The influences of coating method, concentrations of ATO(5∼70wt%) and Sb (0∼20wt%), temperature in the range of $450\;to\;800^{\circ}C$, number of washing (3∼4 times) on the resistivity of the ATO coated fiber were examined in details. The fiber coated ATO by coprecipitation exhibited lower resistivity of 103${\Omega}{\cdot}$cm at the 30 wt% of ATO, and showed nearly constant low value of $60{\Omega}{\cdot}cm\;to\;90{\Omega}{\cdot}$cm at the higher concentration of ATO.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.91-107
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• 2018

It is required to monitor and assess the desertification in Tunisia, where the Sahara Desert, which is located in the southern part of Tunisia, is recently expanding northward. In this study, by using remote sensed data, land cover changes were examined, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Topsoil Grain Size Index (TGSI) and Albedo are used to monitor and assess desertification in Tunisia. Decision Tree was constructed, and the frequencies and trends of each assessment indicator, desertification degree and land cover were identified. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between assessment indicators and precipitation. As a result, desertification is generally intensifying northward, especially in areas with high levels of desertification. Also, bivariate correlation analysis showed that Albedo, NDVI and TGSI were all highly correlated with precipitation. It indicates that changes in precipitation have also been shown to affect Tunisian desertification. In conclusion, this study has improved the usability of various methodologies considering the assessment indicators based on satellite imagery, Decision Tree, which is a method of evaluating them complexly, and trends of land cover change.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2019

This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) extract for atopic dermatitis through maintaining skin barrier and regulating Th2 cell differentiation. We divided NC/Nga mice into 3 groups as follows; atopy-like dermatitis induced group with CR treatment (CT, n=10), no treatment group(Ctrl), atopy-like dermatitis elicited group(AE). Atopy-like dermatitis was induced to NC/Nga mice by sensitizing with dermatophagoides farinae(DfE) on 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 13th week. After inducing atopic dermatitis, CR extract was administered 20 mg/kg daily for the experimental duration to the CT group. We measured the integrity of lipid layers in the epidermis and Th2 differentiation through immunohistochemical staining against filaggrin, loricrin, IL-4, and IL-13. We also measured the distribution of subcutaneous collagen fibers by the Masson's trichrome staining. Administration of CR significantly inhibited the reduction of lipid layers in the skin that caused atopy. The expression of IL-4, IL-13, each of which is a cytokine secreted by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, was markedly suppressed in the CT group as compared with AE group (p<0.05). CR treatment also decreased the expression of iNOS, $p-I{\kappa}B$. Atopic dermatitis induced dermatological damage to skin, such as hyperplasia of epithelium, and capillary proliferation was significantly reduced by CR administration. CR effectively inhibited the thinning of the skin barrier and inflammatory responses in atopic dermatitis-induced mice. In particular, it showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of IL-4 and IL-13, Th2 cell cytokines, which play a crucial role in development of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, CR can be a good candidate to ameliorate and treat atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.499-503
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• 2022

La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ precursor solution were prepared by a sol-gel method. La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ thin films were fabricated by a spin-coating method on a Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrate. Structural and electrical properties with the variation of sintering temperature were measured. All specimens exhibited a polycrystalline orthorhombic crystal structure, and the average thickness of the specimens coated 6 times decreased from about 427 nm to 383 nm as the sintering temperature increased from 740℃ to 830℃. Electrical resistance decreased as the sintering temperature increased. In the La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ thin films sintered at 830℃, electrical resistivity, TCR, B-value, and activation energy were 0.0374 mΩ·cm, 0.316%/℃, 296 K and 0.023 eV, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.312-320
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• 2021

In this study, we aimed to develop a feed additive that can promote the growth of stone flounder (Kareius bicoloratus). To this end, we fermented mealworm medium (5%, w/v) with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antibacterial function (HeTm_LpWpPa) and evaluated its efficacy as a feed additive. Fish (approximately 5-6 g) were reared in six completely recirculating tanks (100 fish/tank) for 6 weeks. The total length of fish with and without HeTm_LpWpPa supplementation was 8.26 and 8.42 cm and body weight was 19.71 and 20.28 g, respectively, at 6 weeks. The weight gain of the control and experimental groups was 223.26 % and 248.76 %, respectively. The specific growth rate at 6 weeks was 2.79 % (control) and 2.98% (experimental), and the growth rate of the experimental group was slightly higher (0.19 %) than that of the control group. At the end of the experiment (i.e. 6 weeks), the number of fish below the mean weight in the experimental group was 3 (1 %) and that in the control group was 17 (5.7 %). These results indicate that feed supplementation of 10 % HeTm_LpWpPa could be utilized to promote the growth of flounder in farming.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.48.1-48.21
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• 2023

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess immunoregulatory properties and their regulatory functions represent a potential therapy for acute lung injury (ALI). However, uncertainties remain with respect to defining MSCs-derived immunomodulatory pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the enhanced effect of human recombinant bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) primed ES-MSCs (MSC^BMP2) in promoting Tregs in ALI mice. MSC were preconditioned with 100 ng/ml rhBMP-2 for 24 h, and then administrated to mice by intravenous injection after intratracheal injection of 1 mg/kg LPS. Treating MSCs with rhBMP-2 significantly increased cellular proliferation and migration, and cytokines array reveled that cytokines release by MSC^BMP2 were associated with migration and growth. MSC^BMP2 ameliorated LPS induced lung injury and reduced myeloperoxidase activity and permeability in mice exposed to LPS. Levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase were decreased while levels of total glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were further increased via inhibition of phosphorylated STAT1 in ALI mice treated with MSC^BMP2. MSC^BMP2 treatment increased the protein level of IDO1, indicating an increase in Treg cells, and Foxp3⁺CD25⁺ Treg of CD4⁺ cells were further increased in ALI mice treated with MSC^BMP2. In co-culture assays with MSCs and RAW264.7 cells, the protein level of IDO1 was further induced in MSC^BMP2. Additionally, cytokine release of IL-10 was enhanced while both IL-6 and TNF-α were further inhibited. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MSC^BMP2 has therapeutic potential to reduce massive inflammation of respiratory diseases by promoting Treg cells.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.25
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• pp.253-289
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• 2012

Dasiraegi is a traditional funeral rite performance of Jindo located in the South Jeolla Province of South Korea. With its unique stylistic structure including various dances, songs and witty dialogues, and a storyline depicting the birth of a new life in the wake of death, embodying the Buddhism belief that life and death is interconnected; it attracted great interest from performance organizers and performers who were desperately seeking new contents that can be put on stage as a performance. It is needless to say previous research on Dasiraegi had been most valuable in its recreation as it analyzed the performance from a wide range of perspectives. Despite its contributions, the previous researches were mainly academic focusing on: the symbolic meanings of the performance, basic introduction to the components of the performance such as script, lyrics, witty dialogue, appearance (costume and make-up), stage properties, rhythm, dance and etc., lacking accurate representation of the most crucial element of the performance which is sori (song). For this reason, the study analyzes the music of Dasiraegi and presents its musical characteristics along with its scores to provide practical support for performers who are active in the field. Out of all the numbers in Dasiraegi, this study analyzed all of Geosa-nori and Sadang-nori, the funeral dirge (mourning chant) sung as the performers come on stage and Gasangjae-nori, because among the five proceedings of the funeral rite they were the most commonly performed. There are a plethora of performance recordings to choose from, however, this study chose Jindo Dasiraegi, an album released by E&E Media. The album offers high quality recordings of performances, but more importantly, it is easy to obtain and utilize for performers who want to learn the Dasiraegi based on the script provided in this study. The musical analysis discovered a number of interesting findings. Firstly, most of the songs in Dasiraegi use a typical Yukjabaegi-tori which applies the Mi scale frequently containing cut-off (breaking) sounds. Although, Southern Kyoung-tori which applies the Sol scale was used, it was only in limited parts and was musically incomplete. Secondly, there was no musical affinity between Ssitgim-gut and Dasiraegi albeit both are for funeral rites. The fundamental difference in character and function of Ssitgim-gut and Dasiraegi may be the reason behind this lack of affinity, as Ssitgim-gut is sung to guide the deceased to heaven by comforting him/her, whereas, Dasiaregi is sung to reinvigorate the lives of the living. Lastly, traces of musical grammar found in Pansori are present in the earlier part of Dasiraegi. This may be attributed to the master artist (Designee of Important Intangible Cultural Heritage), who was instrumental in the restoration and hand-down of Dasiaregi, and his experience in a Changgeuk company. The performer's experience with Changgeuk may have induced the alterations in Dasiraegi, causing it to deviate from its original form. On the other hand, it expanded the performative bais by enhancing the performance aspect of Dasiraegi allowing it to be utilized as contents for Performing Arts. It would be meaningful to see this study utilized to benefit future performance artists, taking Dasiraegi as their inspiration, which overcomes the loss of death and invigorates the vibrancy of life.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2024

Redox factor (Ref)-1, a ubiquitously expressed protein, acts as a modulator of redox-sensitive tran- scription factors and as an endonuclease in the repair pathway of damaged DNA. However, the function of Ref-1 in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages has not been defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ref-1 on the monocyte differentiation process using the human monocytic cell line THP-1. The differentiation agent PMA increased cell adhesion over time and showed a sig- nificant increase in phagocytic function but decreased the intracellular amount of Ref-1. Ref-1 inhibitor E3330 and Ref-1 knockdown using the siRNA technique reduced cell adhesion and the expression of differentiation markers, such as CD14, ICAM-1, and CD11b, by PMA stimulation. This means that the role of Ref-1 is absolutely necessary in the initial process of differentiating THP-1 cells stimulated by PMA. Next, the distribution of Ref-1 was examined in the cytoplasm and nucleus of THP-1 cells stimulated with PMA. Surprisingly, PMA stimulation resulted in the rapid translocation of Ref-1 to the nucleus. To prove that movement of Ref-1 to the nucleus is required for monocyte differentiation, a Ref-1 vector with the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) deleted was used. As a result, overexpression of ∆NLS Ref-1, which restricted movement to the nucleus, suppressed the expression of differentiation markers and notably reduced phagocytic function in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that the differentiation of monocytic THP-1 cells requires Ref-1 nuclear translocation during the initial process of biochemical events following stimulation from PMA.