• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2024

In this study, LiDAR-detectable black hollow-structured materials are synthesized using different reducing agents to evaluate their applicability to LiDAR sensor. Initially, white SiO₂/TiO₂ core/shell (WST) materials are fabricated via a sol-gel method, followed by a reduction using ascorbic acid (AA) and sodium borohydride (SB). After the reduction, subsequent etching of the SiO₂ core leads to the formation of two different black hollow-structured materials (AA-BHT and SB-BHT). The lightness (L^*) and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance (R%) of AA-BHT are measured as ca. 19.1 and 34.5 R%, and SB-BHT shows values of ca. 11.5 and 31.8 R%, respectively. While AA-BHT exhibits higher NIR reflectance compared to SB-BHT, it displays slightly lower blackness. Compared with core/shell structured materials, improved NIR reflectance of both AA-BHT and SB-BHT is attributed to the morphology of hollow- structured materials, which increase light reflection at the interface between air and black TiO₂ according to the Fresnel's reflection principle. Consequently, both AA-BHT and SB-BHT are effectively detected by the commercially available LiDAR sensors, validating their suitability as black materials for autonomous vehicle and environment.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2024

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global airport industry is actively introducing 4th Industrial Revolution technology-based systems for quarantine and passenger safety, and test bed construction and prior verification using airport infrastructure and resources are actively being conducted. Analysis of recent cases shows that despite the changing travel patterns of airport users and the diversification of airport service demands, most testbeds construction studies are still focused on suppliers, and task prioritization is also determined by decision makers. There is a tendency to rely on subjective judgment. In order to find practical ways to become a first mover that leads innovation in the aviation industry, this study selected tasks and derived priorities to build testbeds from a service perspective that reflects various customer service needs and changes. Research results using the AHP analysis method resulted in priorities in the order of access transportation and parking services (29.2%), security screening services (23.4%), and departure services (21.8%), and these analysis results were tested in the airport industry. It shows that innovation in testbeds construction is an important factor. In particular, the establishment of smart parking and UAM transportation testbeds not only helps strengthen airports as centers of technological innovation, but also promotes cooperation with companies, research institutes, and governments, and provides an environment for testing and developing new technologies and services. It can be a foundation for what can be done. The results and implications produced through this study can serve as useful guidelines for domestic and foreign airport practitioners to build testbeds and establish strategies.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2022

Background and Purpose: In this study we aimed to find the association between neuropsychological performance and body mass index (BMI) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, we investigated the effects of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype in the relationship between the BMI and cognition in MCI. Methods: We enrolled a cohort of 3,038 subjects with MCI aged 65-90 from the Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea and a dementia cohort of the Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. MCI patients were classified into three subgroups according to the Asian standard of BMI. We compared cognitive performances between groups by one-way analysis of variance. To investigate the effects of the APOE genotype, we used multivariate linear regression models after adjusting for possible confounders. Results: Even though normal BMI groups were younger, had more females, and had less comorbidities, the higher BMI groups had better cognitive functions. Among subjects with APOE ε4 carriers, there was a positive relationship between the BMI and the memory task alone. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that higher BMI in patients with MCI were associated with better cognitive performance. The effects of the APOE ε4 genotype in the associations between BMI and cognition were distinguishing. Therefore, according to physical status, APOE ε4 genotype-specific strategies in the assessments and treatments may be necessary in elderly patients with MCI.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.51-75
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• 2024

This case study aimed to develop a therapeutic rap protocol based on narrative components for improving discourse skills of adolescents with mild intellectual disability (ID) and to explore its applicability. The protocol matched narrative elements (background, initiating event, internal response, attempts, and reaction) with rap components (verse, hook, and interjections), guiding participants to narrate their experiences in a connected discourse form. The protocol was also structured to gradually increase in difficulty, considering the developmental levels of adolescents with ID and it included steps for understanding discourse structures, applying narrative elements to content creation, and expanding narratives. Post-intervention analysis of the stories and rap lyrics created by participants to express their real-life experiences showed that participants increased the length of their stories and rap compositions, with notable improvements in rhythmicity and the inclusion of narrative elements. These findings suggest that, instead of constructing rap from random utterances, providing a structured framework reflecting discourse structure enhanced participants' understanding of event context and logical connections. Furthermore, the various elements and rhythmic features of rap can strengthen motivation and organization in discourse. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of rap in addressing the unique developmental needs of adolescents with mild ID, thereby diversifying and systematizing music therapy interventions for this population.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.71-94
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• 2024

This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate a practical, problem-based global citizenship education (GCED) program in the first grade of elementary school to suggest ways for practical global citizenship education in the next curriculum. This study proceeded following the ADDIE teaching design model. Through literature research, the relevance of global citizenship education to the 2022 national curriculum and the 2022 practical arts curriculum was analyzed, and based on the results, the learning elements of global citizenship education were extracted from the 2022 integrated subjects curriculum to develop the program. The program consisted of four teaching and learning plans for a total of eight sessions based on four practical problems, and was revised and supplemented through validation by a group of experts. The developed teaching and learning curriculum was implemented in all eight sessions over a period of four weeks with 16 first grade students at S Elementary School in Seoul. As a result of the program implementation, the mean of students' global citizenship awareness increased by 3.88 points (±3.91) from pre to post, and the qualitative evaluation of teachers' reflection journals and students' portfolios showed that the program influenced students to realize the importance of taking action to create a better and more sustainable world. Therefore, the practical problem-based global citizenship education program for first graders was found to be effective in fostering global citizenship awareness.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2024

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between meat quality and muscle-to-fat ratio in specific cuts of pork (pork belly and Boston butt) utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-eight pigs were selected, and 24 hours post-slaughter, pork belly and Boston butt samples were individually extracted from the left half carcass for MRI assessment. The MRI scans were reviewed using the Picture Archiving and Communications System. Muscle and fat volumes in the pork belly and Boston butt from the cross-sectional images captured by MRI were estimated using Vitrea workstation version 7. Subsequently, these data were processed using Vitrea post-processing software to automatically determine the volumes, measured in milliliters (mL). Additionally, a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ being studied was generated. The relationship between regions (pork belly and Boston butt) was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and statistical analysis was conducted using Graph Pad Prism 8. The muscle-to-fat ratio determined by MRI for pork belly was 1 : 0.64, whereas for Boston butt it was 1 : 0.35. Results of comparing the muscle-fat ratio, the correlation coefficient between pork belly and Boston butt was found to be 0.6127 (R² = 0.3754, p < 0.001) based on MRI analysis. As a result of measuring the muscle-to-fat ratio using MRI as a non-destructive approach, there was a positive correlation between the muscle-to-fat ratios of pork belly and Boston butt.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a Line-of-Sight (LoS)/Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) identification- based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) system using Channel State Information (CSI) to improve the accuracy of HAR, which dynamically changes depending on the reception environment. to consider the reception environment of HAR system, the proposed system includes three operational phases: Preprocessing phase, Classification phase, and Activity recognition phase. In the preprocessing phase, amplitude is extracted from CSI raw data, and noise in the extracted amplitude is removed. In the Classification phase, the reception environment is categorized into LoS and NLoS. Then, based on the categorized reception environment, the HAR model is determined based on the result of the reception environment categorization. Finally, in the activity recognition phase, human actions are classified into sitting, walking, standing, and absent using the determined HAR model. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed system, an experimental implementation was performed and the accuracy of the proposed system was compared with that of the existing HAR system. The results showed that the proposed system achieved 16.25% higher accuracy than the existing system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2024

In this paper, we design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based chick incubation system. The system consists of three key components: the IoT incubator, the IoT server system, and the smartphone application. The IoT incubator is composed of an Arduino board, temperature and humidity sensors, a temperature and humidity controller, a ventilation controller, and an egg turning controller. The temperature and humidity sensors measure the temperature and humidity inside the IoT incubator and send the data to the temperature and humidity controller on the Arduino board. Additionally, it provides the function of transmitting temperature, humidity, and control history data to the IoT server via WiFi. It also offers automatic control of ventilation, egg turning, and temperature and humidity on a daily basis. The IoT server system receives data from the incubator, stores it in a database, and provides query data upon request from the smartphone. The smartphone application retrieves historical data through the server and monitors the temperature and humidity data of the IoT incubator in real-time, controlling the IoT incubator to ensure that the set temperature and humidity ranges are maintained. If the temperature and humidity data deviate from the set ranges, it sends alarms and emergency messages to the user. The IoT-based chick incubation system developed in this paper is a low-cost model due to its reduced manufacturing cost, making it highly beneficial for self-sustaining poultry farms.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2009

This experiment was investigated the effects of fresh and ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts on hair growth activity, and its fractions(chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions) obtained from fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma on hair growth activity of the normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model of C57BL/6N mice for 16 days. The results were as follows: In fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area(100%) all the normal mice in whose hair had been clipped on 16th days. In ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area in 25% of normal mice in whose hair had been clipped on 16th days. But in control group, hair growth effect was observed in a part of whole skin area in 25% of normal mice. In fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair follicles of middle stage of anagen phase was observed and it were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the mice on 10th day. But in ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group and control group, Most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin. The treatment of extracts of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma increased the expression of TGF-$\beta$(146%), IGF(107%), and prolactin(115%) in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group(100%). But expression of placenta lactogen(93%) was decreased in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group(100%). In spontaneous alopecia model, The hair growth activity of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group(100%) was observed to be strong compared with the control group(20%) on 15th day. Hair growth activity on chloroform fractions of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts was observed in whole skin area in 75% of normal mice on the 9th day. In water and ethyl acetate fractions, hair growth activity was observed in a part of whole skin in 75% and 25% of normal mice, respectively. but hair growth activity of control group was not observed. After application of fractions of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts for 10 days, hair follicles of chloroform fraction treated group was observed middle stage of anagen phase and hair follicle were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the mice. But hair follicles of initial stage of anagen phase were observed in water and ethyl acetate fractions. Most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin of control group. These experiments suggest that extracts of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity and its chloroform fractions can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2000

In previous studies we have demonstrated that several individual ginsenosides such as Rc, Rd, Re and Ri relieves formalin-induced pain following systemic treatment. But it is unknown where these single ginsenosides induce antinociception. We investigated the antinoiceptive effect of four individual ginsenosides on formalin-induced pain after intrathecal (i.t.), intracereventricular (i.c.v.), or subcutaneous (s.c.) administration using mice. We found that ginsenoside Rc, Rd, and Re except Rf attenuated both acute and tonic phase of pain. Ginsenoside Rf attenuated only tonic phase of pain after i.t. administration. The ED$\_$50/ was 1.0 (0.55∼l.75 mg/kg) for Rc, 1.15 (0.6∼2.25 mg/kg) for Rd, and 8.9 (3.9∼20.5 mg/kg) for Re in acute phase of pain. The ED$\_$50/ was 0.3 (0.1∼0.85 mg/kg) for Rc, 0.6 (0.35∼l.1 mg/kg) for Rd, 2.45 (1.25∼4.65 mg/kg) for Re, and 1.9 (1.5∼4.25 mg/kg) for Rf in tonic phase of pain. We also found that ginsenoside Rc, Rd, Re, and Rf after i.c.v. administration attenuated both acute and tonic phase of pain. The ED5o for acute phase of pain was 0.9 (0.55∼l.4mg/kg) for Rc, 0.9 (0.45∼1.7 mg/kg) for Rd, 0.93 (0.5∼l .75 mg/kg) for Re, and 1.85 (0.95∼3.5 mg/kg) for Rf. The ED$\_$50/ for tonic phase of pain was 0.7 (0.45∼1.05 mg/kg) for Rc,1.25 (0.7∼2.2 mg/kg) for Rd, 0.85 (0.45∼1.6 mg/kg) for Re, and 0.8 (0.4∼1.45 mg/kg) for Rf. Thus, the order of the analgesic potency was Rc$\geq$Rd>Re>Rf in both i.t. and i.c.v. administration routes. However, s.c. pretreatment of four ginsenosides did not reduce formalin-induced pain. These results suggest that analgesic effect of ginsenosides is achieved through spinal or supraspinal site(s) in formalin test.