• 식물병연구
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.162-165
• /
• 2022

Foot rot symptoms were repeatedly observed on plants of deltoid synurus (Synurus deltoides) growing in a field of the Wild Vegetable Research Institute located in Pyeongchang, Korea during disease surveys in July 2020 and June 2021. The symptoms appeared as wilting of the plant leaves, and the plant stems and petioles at or above the soil line turned dark and rotted. The incidence of diseased plants in the field was 5-10%. Five isolates of Phytophthora sp. were obtained from lesions of the diseased plants and investigated for their morphological and molecular characteristics. All the isolates were identified as Phytophthora cryptogea based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. Three isolates of P. cryptogea were tested for pathogenicity on deltoid synurus plants using artificial inoculation. All the tested isolates caused foot rot symptoms on the inoculated plants. The symptoms were similar to those observed in plants from the field investigated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cryptogea causing Phytophthora foot rot in deltoid synurus.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.55-67
• /
• 2006

유기농업을 수행하고 있는 지역 내에서 재배작물, 유기재배 형태, 경지면적, 가축사육현황, 유기물 활용실태 등을 조사하고 유기재배 농가단위의 양분수지를 산출하여 합리적인 유기자원 사용과 적정 유기물 시용에 의한 토양의 양분관리를 체계화하여 지속적인 유기농산물 생산을 위한 유기물 적정사용 기술개발을 목적으로 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 유기농업 경력이 $8{\sim}20$년 되고 유기농산물 품질인증을 받은 31농가를 대상으로 작물별 유기물 시용량을 조사한 결과 과수>엽채류, 과채류>벼 순으로 많았으며 채소류 재배시에는 ha당 40톤 정도를 시용하였다. 또한, 엽채류는 축분에 톱밥을 혼합하여 제조한 퇴비를 주로 사용하였으며 볏짚, 파쇄목, 쌀겨, 산야초 등 다양한 유기물 자원을 시용하는 반면에 과채류는 시용하는 유기물 원료가 단순하고 비교적 질소성분이 적은 볏짚과 우분퇴비를 영양생장기에 시용하고 생식생장기에는 양분함량이 다소 많은 유박과 산야초를 시용하였다. 상추, 신선초, 케일을 1년에 3기작으로 유기농업을 하는 농가에서 작물재배 기간 중에 생산한 수량을 기초로 하여 양분수지를 계산한 결과 상추 재배시기에 3요소 성분이 과다한 것으로 나타나 신선초 재배 후 상추와 케일 재배시는 시판퇴비의 시용량을 줄여야할 필요가 있었다. 유기농으로 벼를 재배하는 양평군 용문면 화전리 지역에서 시용한 유기물 총과 벼 생산량을 이용하여 삼요소의 양분 수지를 조사한 결과 벼 재배 표준시비량보다 질소-인산이 각각 29-10kg 과다하게 시용되고 있었다. 또한 우리나라 유기농 재배농가의 유기물 시용량은 전체적으로 과다하게 투입되는 경향이었고 이에 따라 토양의 이화학성은 벼 재배지역에서는 적정기준치에 적합하였으나 시설채소재배지에서는 적정기준치와 상당한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 보다 정적 유기물 시용을 통한 지속적인 유기농산물 생산이 가능하도록 하기 위해서는 시용하려는 유기물 자원의 화학성과 재배토양의 화학성을 분석하여 과부족한 성분이 없도록 적당한 유기물 시용량을 결정하여야 할 것으로 판단이 된다.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.241-254
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the levels of heavy metals in twelve species of vegetables and assessment of health risk. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The ranges of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in vegetables species were 0.37-5.4, 0.03-17, 0.35-45, 0.01-2.6, 0.001-2.2, and 0.04-8.8 [mg/kg, fresh weight (fw)], respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in most vegetable species exceeded the maximum permissible levels, indicating unsafe for human consumption. Health risks associated with the intake of these metals were evaluated in terms of estimated daily intake (EDI), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks by target hazard quotient (THQ). Total THQ of the studied metals from most of the vegetables species were higher than 1, indicated that these types of vegetables might pose health risk due to metal exposure. The target carcinogenic risk (TR) for As ranged from 0.03 to 0.48 and 0.0004 to 0.025 for Pb which were higher than the USEPA acceptable risk limit (0.000001) indicating that the inhabitants consuming these vegetables are exposed to As and Pb with a lifetime cancer risk. The findings of this study reveal the health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metals through the intake of selected vegetables in adult population of Bangladesh.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제24권10호
• /
• pp.1253-1264
• /
• 2015

This study assessed the fertilizing value of struvite deposit recovered from swine wastewater in cultivating Chinese cabbage. Struvite deposit was compared with commercial fertilizers: complex, organic and compost to evaluate the fertilizing effect of struvite deposit. Laboratory pot test obviously presented that the struvite deposit more facilitated the growth of Chinese cabbage than organic and compost fertilizers even though complex fertilizer was the most effective in growing Chinese cabbage. It was revealed that the growth rate of Chinese cabbage was simultaneously controlled by phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Also, the nutrients such as nitrogen (N), P, K, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were abundantly observed in the vegetable tissue of struvite pot. Specifically, P was the most abundant component in the vegetable tissue of struvite pot. Meanwhile, the utilization of struvite as a fertilizer led to the lower accumulation of chromium ($Cr^{6+}$) than other pots, except for compost fertilizer pots, and no detection of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in the Chinese cabbage. The experimental results proved that the optimum struvite dosage for the cultivation of Chinese cabbage was 2.0 g struvite/kg soil. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that the struvite deposits recovered from swine wastewater were effective as a multi-nutrient fertilizer for Chinese cabbage cultivation.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2014

Plastic film houses are directly associated with increases in plant growth and yield of vegetable crops through a year round cultivation, however, at the same time temperature stresses are one of fates which are difficult to avoid during crop growth. The objective of this study was to examine the translocation and distribution of minerals (N, P, K) and carbohydrates as well as seasonal fluctuation of mineral uptake and carbohydrate production in cucumber plant grown under moderately high temperature. The temperature treatments consisted of 2-layers film houses (optimal temp.) and 3-layers (high temp.). Shoot growth of cucumber plants were linearly increased until 14 weeks after transplanting (WAT) without any significant difference between both temperatures, and the slowdown was observed from 16 WAT. The level of soluble sugar and starch was slightly greater in optimal temperature compared to the high. Cumulative accumulation of soluble sugar was significantly different before and after 12 WAT in both treatments, whereas starch level represented a constant increase. Monthly production of soluble sugar reached the peak between 12 to 16 WAT, and starch peaked between 4 to 8 WAT and 12 to 16 WAT. Total uptake of N, P and K in optimal and high temperature conditions was $18.4g\;plant^{-1}$ and 17.6 for N, 4.7 and 5.1 for P, and 37.7 and 36.2 for K, respectively, and the pattern of monthly N uptake between optimal and high temperatures was greater in early growth stage, whereas was greater in mid growth stage in both P and K. Thus, this study suggests that moderately high temperature influences much greater to photosynthesis and carbohydrate production than plant biomass and mineral uptake. On the basis of the present result, it is required to indentify analysis of respiration rates from plant and soil by constantly increasing temperature conditions and field studies where elevated temperatures are monitored and manipulated.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 1999

우리나라의 주요 조미채소인 고추, 마늘 및 양파 주산지 토양의 물리화학적 특성 및 화학성분함량을 조사하여 토양관리 및 시비 기준설정의 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 고추(132개지점), 마늘(59개지점) 및 양파(24개지점) 주산지 총 215개 지점의 근권토양을 채취하여 분석하였다. 우리나라 고추, 마늘 및 양파 주산지 토양은 사양토(SL)와 양토(L)가 전체의 68% 이상을 차지하였으며, 토성별 빈도분포는 양토(L. 35.4%) > 사양토(SL,31.6%) > 미사질양토(SiL, 14.9%) > 식양토(CL.7.0%)의 순이었다. 토양 pH는 마늘 및 양파재배지 토양은 평균 6.0 이상이었으나 고추재배지 토양은 5.5로서 낮았으며, 전체조사지역의 58.7%인 126개 지점이 6.0 이하였으며, pH 5.0 이하인 지점도 전체의 21.4%인 46개 지점이었으며, 7.1 이상인 지역은 약 10.3%인 22개 지점이었다. 토양유기물 함량은 전반적으로 $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ 수준이H으며 양파재배지 토양에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 유효 $P_2O_5$는 $719{\sim}746mg\;kg^{-1}$ 범위로서 작물간에 큰 차이는 없었으며, 빈도분포는 전체 조사지역중 62.8%가 유효 $P_2O_5$ $600mg\;kg^{-1}$ 이상으로서 기준치를 초과하였으며 $1,000mg\;kg^{-1}$ 이상도 전체의 22.3%를 차지하였다. 치환성 양이온인 K 및 Ca 함량은 마늘(1.27 및 $9.11cmol\;kg^{-1}$) 및 양파(1.20 및 $8.39cmol\;kg^{-1}$)재배지토양이 고추재배지 토양(0.96 및 $5.87cmol\;kg^{-1}$)에 비하여 높았으며, Mg 함량은 마늘재배지 토양이 $2.17cmol\;kg^{-1}$으로서 가장 높았으며, 고추 및 양파재배지토양은 각각 약 1.51 및 $1.80cmol\;kg^{-1}$으로 마늘재배지 토양에 비하여 낮게 나타났으나 치환성 양이온인K, Mg 및 Ca모두 경작지 토양의 적정수준 이상으로 함유되어 있었다. 그리고 미량원소는 Fe는 $54.3{\sim}60.1mg\;kg^{-1}$ 범위, Mn은 $31.3{\sim}42.3mg\;kg^{-1}$ 범위 Cu및 Zn은 각각 1.7~2.3 및 $4.8{\sim}5.5mg\;kg^{-1}$ 범위였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 1962

본실험에서는 Gibberellin 이 여섯작물의 생육 및 그들의 성장에 미치는 토양재배를 과하여 조사하였다. 식물 잎에 살포한 Gibberellins의 비교적 적은 농도차는 식물의 생육 및 내부 성분에 현저한 차이를 가져오는 것을 알 수 있다. 농도가 높아짐에 따라 작물의 생육은 촉진되고 그 생육간의 차이는 유의하였다. 여섯 작물의 Chlorophyll 및 Corotene 함량은 Gibberellin의 농도에 비례하여 감소 되었으며 이는 생장율과 크게 상반되었다. 여섯 작물의 Vitamin C의 함량은 Gibberellin의 농도에 비례하여 감소되었다. 이 차는 무, 쑥갓 및 시금치에서 높은 유의성을 나타냈다. Chlorophyll과 Vitamin C의 함량은 발육이 진전 됨에 따라 달라지는데 이 차이는 유의한 것이다. Corotene 함량은 Chlorophyll 량과 함께 변하였는데 Carotene과 Chlorophyll의 비는 Beck 및 Redman이 얻은 결과처럼 높은 것은 아니다.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 1981

The antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strains were isolated from the soils of various localities in Yeang-Kwang and tested for the activity against some of gram positive and negative microorganisms, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results are summarized as follows. 1. A total of 1464 Streptomyces strains were isolated from 336 soil samples. Of all the strains tested, 636 strains of the isolates showed antibiotic activity against either gram positive or negative test organisms. And 408 of the 636 strains were strongly active against one or all of those test­organisms. 2. Ninety-three of Streptomyces strains among the active isolates showed the antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 24 of 93 strains showed the strong antibiotic activity against all of the test organisms i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella jlexneri. 3. Antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strains active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the soil samples taken from vegetable field, paddy field, sandy ground and roadway, but not isolated from the soil taken from dwelling area, grass field and piers.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.128-134
• /
• 1990

예산읍내의 중요시설채소재배지 세부락을 중심으로 작부양식, 시비방법, 토양화학성, 작물의 영양상태와 생육상황을 조사하였다. 토마토의 시듦병 은 토양의 높은 EC와 질소함량 그리고 뿌리흑선충과 밀접하게 관련된것 같다. 칼슘결핍은 토양의 높은 K와 EC 그리고 토마토의 높은 철흡수에 기인하는것 같다. 여름배추는 80%의 생육억제를 보였는데 높은 EC(1.8mmho/cm) 때문이며 근류병(무사마귀명)을 보였는데 토양의 높은 인산함량(1,055 ppm) 때문인것 같다. 열무는 50%의 생육저하를 보였는데 높은 EC(1.6 mmho/cm), K 및 Mg 그리고 염기의 불균형때문으로 보인다. 다섯가지의 복합비료가 기비로 사용되고 질소칼리의 한가지 복비는 염화킬리 및 뇨소와 같이 추비로 사용하였다. 가축분의 다량사용과 매 적부시의 화학비료 다량 사용은 심토까지 과부화를 시켰다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.77-95
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to find out definition, specification and characteristics of water-proof method for pond at golf courses that located in the mountain in Korea. Water-proof method of pond was selected by location, kind of soil, area, depth, cost, construction period and so on. 1. Soil Bentonite Sealing Liner(SBL) is to mix soil with a good quality bentonite. Then the mixed material was dressed on the bottom of pond. $\\$Merit of SBL is to purify the water and planting is possible. It can also reduce construction period and is economical. It's easy to find out the leak points. Demerit of SBL is expensive, if good quality soil is not in constructing site. Shape of pond edge is simple. 2. Ethylen Propylene Diene Monomer Sheef(EPDM-Sheet) makes use of sheet that resists to acid and alkaline. EPDM-Sheet spreads out as a mat on the pond for water-proof. Merit of EPDM-Sheet is to perfectly prove water and make a diverse shape of pond edge. Demerit of EPDM-Sheet is not friendly to environment. It needs drain system, air ventilation and long period of construction. It is also difficult to find out leaking points in this method. 3. Water proof of ESS-13 uses ESS-13 that is resin of vegetable matter and friendly to environment. To prove water of pond, ESS-13 is delicate with water in the pond. After that, Ess-13 in the water is expanded at pore space in the soil and cover with soil. ESS-13 can be to prove a leaking pond in golf course under business. ESS-13 is cheap and it needs short construction period. It does not need to switch the old water-proof system, additionally. It needs to move fishes to other place before utilizing ESS-13.