• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.220-220
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• 2015

Water, energy, and food security already became a risk that threatens people around the world. Increasing of resources demand, rapid urbanization, decreasing of natural resources and climate change are four major problems inducing resources' scarcity. Indeed, water, energy, and food are interconnected each other thus cannot be analyzed separately. That is, for simple example, energy needs water as source for hydropower plant, water needs energy for distribution, and food needs water and energy for production, which is defined as W-E-F nexus. Due to their complicated linkage, it needs a computer model to simulate and analyze the nexus. Development of a computer simulation model using system dynamics approach makes this linkage possible to be visualized and quantified. System dynamics can be defined as an approach to learn the feedback connections of all elements in a complex system, which mean, every element's interaction is simulated simultaneously. Present W-E-F nexus models do not calculate and simulate the element's interaction simultaneously. Existing models only calculate the amount of water and energy resources that needed to provide food, water, or energy without any interaction from the product to resources. The new proposed model tries to cope these lacks by adding the interactions, climate change effect, and government policy to optimize the best options to maintain the resources sustainability. On this first phase of development, the model is developed only to learn and analyze the interaction between elements based on scenario of fulfilling the increasing of resources demand, due to population growth. The model is developed using the Vensim, well-known system dynamics model software. The results are amount of total water, energy, and food demand and production for a certain time period and it is evaluated to determine the sustainability of resources.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2018

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is correlated with increased cardiovascular risk and characterized by several factors, including visceral obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Several members of a large family of nonselective cation entry channels, e.g., transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels have been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Dangkwisoo-san, ginger and curcumin on TRPM7 channel. Methods: Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably transfected with the TRPM7 expression vectors were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin, $5{\mu}g/mL$ blasticidin, and 0.4 mg/mL zeocin in a humidified 20% $O_2$/10% $CO_2$ atmosphere at $37^{\circ}C$. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained using an Axopatch 700B amplifier and pClamp v.10.4 software, and signals were digitalized at 5 kHz using Digidata 1422A. Results: Dangkwisoo-san extract (100, 200, 300, 400, and $500{\mu}g/mL$) inhibited the outward and inward TRPM7 whole-cell currents at dose dependent manner and the half maximal inhibitory concentration $(IC)_{50}$ of Dangkwisoo-san was $218.3{\mu}g/mL$. Also, ginger extract (100, 200, 300, 400, and $500{\mu}g/mL$) inhibited the outward and inward of TRPM7 whole-cell currents in a dose dependent manner and the $IC_{50}$ of ginger was $877.2{\mu}g/mL$. However, curcumin had no effects on TRPM7 whole-cell currents. Conclusions: These results suggest that both Dangkwisoo-san and ginger have good roles to inhibit the TRPM7 channel, suggesting that Dangkwisoo-san and ginger are considered one of the candidate agents for the treatment of metabolic syndrome such as cardiovascular disease.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.511-516
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• 2021

Background: Difficulties in walking and balance are risk factors for falling. This study aimed to predict dynamic balance based on demographic information and anthropometric dimensions in construction workers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 114 construction workers in 2020. First, the construction workers were asked to complete the demographic questionnaire determined in order to be included in the study. Then anthropometric dimensions were measured. The dynamic balance of participants was also assessed using the Y Balance test kit. Dynamic balance prediction was performed based on demographic information and anthropometric dimensions using multiple linear regression with SPSS software version 25. Results: The highest average normalized reach distances of YBT were in the anterior direction and were 92.23 ± 12.43% and 92.28 ± 9.26% for right and left foot, respectively. Both maximal and average normalized composite reach in the YBT in each leg were negatively correlated with leg length and navicular drop and positively correlated with the ratio of sitting height to leg length. In addition, multiple linear regressions showed that age, navicular drop, leg length, and foot surface could predict 23% of the variance in YBT average normalized composite reach of the right leg, and age, navicular drop, and leg length could predict 21% of that in the left leg among construction workers. Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of the variability in the normalized composite reach of dynamic balance reach among construction workers using method YBT can be predicted by variables age, navicular drop, leg length, and foot surface.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.107-121
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections specified in the clinical guideline for COVID-19 by conducting a meta-analysis of viral pneumonia data. Methods: TCM injections data on viral pneumonia were collected until July 31, 2021. CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane electronic database were used to collect the clinical data. "COVID-19," "Viral pneumonia," "Tanreqing," "Xiyanping," "Reduning," "Xingnaojing," "Xuebijing," "Shenmai," "Shengmai," and "Shenfu" were used as keywords. All data collected were mainly about TCM injections and viral pneumonia. Furthermore, studies that included results such as the total effective rate, cough disappearance time, antipyretic time, lung rhomboid disappearance time, and adverse drug reaction were collected for the meta-analysis to identify the efficacy of TCM injections. However, data unrelated to TCM injections specified in the clinical guidelines for COVID-19 or viral pneumonia were excluded. The quality of included RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 18 studies with 1540 patients were included in this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate OR = 4.61 (95% CI 2.92, 7.25, p = 1.00/ I² = 0%); the cough disappearance time: SMD -1.23 (-1.37, -1.09, p < 0.00001/ I² = 94%); the antipyretic time: SMD -1.26 (-1.40, -1.11, p < 0.00001/ I²=94%); lung rhomboid disappearance time: SMD -1.17 (-1.33, -1.02, p < 0.00001/ I² = 89%); and adverse drug reaction was OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.20, 0.64, p = 0.21/ I² = 30%). From the results, the treatment group (TCM injection) showed better efficacy than the control group (Western medication). Conclusion: Xiyanping, Reduning, and Tanreqing injections may yield benefits as COVID-19 treatments. However, clinical trials on TCM injections for the treatment of COVID-19 are still lacking. More high-quality clinical trials are still required.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.470-482
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• 2021

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between sonographic measurements of fatty liver and body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-Z score), abdominal wall fat thickness (AWFT), and serum biochemical parameters in childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric, laboratory, and ultrasonography data were obtained from 174 children with BMI-Z score >1. After the qualitative grading of hepatosteatosis (grades 0-3), the quantitative liver-kidney echogenicity ratio (LKER) was calculated using a software tool. Groups according to sex, age (AG-I to AG-III), BMI-Z score (BMG-I to BMG-III), and hepatosteatosis degree (HS-I and HS-II) were formed. The differences and distributions of the variables were statistically analyzed and compared among the groups. Results: Serum transaminase and glucose levels showed a positive correlation with LKER, whereas the HDL level showed a negative correlation. BMI-Z score and AWFT showed a positive correlation with fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR value. LKER was significantly higher in girls than in boys (p=0.008). In the AG-I group (age 3-8.9 years), the BMI-Z score was significantly higher, whereas AWFT was significantly lower than in the other age groups (p<0.001). The cutoff point of LKER for predicting grade 2 or higher steatosis (HS-II group) was determined to be 1.83. Cardiovascular disease risk was significantly higher in the HS-II group (p=0.035). Conclusion: As a valuable quantitative measurement tool, LKER can be used for the sonographic screening of fatty liver. AWFT, on the basis of its correlation with fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR value, may be a useful sonographic parameter in the management of childhood obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.49-57
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• 2021

With the advent of the era of the fourth industry, more and more scientific techniques are being used to solve decision-making problems. In particular, big data analysis technology is developing as it becomes easier to collect numerical data. Therefore, in this study, in order to overcome the limitations of qualitatively analyzing investment trends, the association of various products was analyzed using associated analysis techniques. For the experiment, two experimental periods were divided based on the COVID-19 economic crisis, and sales information from individuals, institutions, and foreign investors was collected, and related analysis algorithms were implemented through r software. As a result of the experiment, institutions and foreigners recently invested in the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets and bought futures and products such as ETF. Individuals purchased ETN and ETF products together, which is presumed to be the result of the recent great interest in sector investment. In addition, after COVID-19, all investors tended to be passive in investing in high-risk products of futures and options. This paper is thought to be a useful reference for product sales and product design in the financial field.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2021

Chemical accidents caused by transport vehicles account for 20% of all chemical accidents every year, but there are difficulties in the accident-response process due to repeated situations where the impact assessment information is unknown. In this study, we developed a calculation table and formula for predicting the range of damage for chlorine and hydrogen fluoride, which have a high domestic usage, high risk of accidents, and high accident frequency in the last 7 years. The calculation table is based on the leakage rate, wind speed, and temperature, and the calculation formula was derived using R software for special situations where it is difficult to apply the calculation table. The calculation table and formula could be used on site by related organizations to obtain important information for decision making, which could help in minimizing damage from chemical accidents, setting separation distances, and deciding to evacuate residents.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.47-53
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• 2019

In general, dizziness is caused by various situations, but among them, symptoms due to dysfunction of the motor system belonging to the nervous system are the most severe, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Treatment of these dizziness includes drug therapy, surgical therapy, and rehabilitation. Drug therapy and surgery are generally performed in vest rehabilitation training, which is a rehabilitation therapy because of the risk of aftereffects. The vestibular rehabilitation training includes eye training, posture stabilization training, and walking training. Among them, walking training is performed in a certain space under the supervision of a doctor or a professional therapist, so that the time and space burden is increased. In order to solve this problem, we implemented gait training contents which can be used for rehabilitation training by using the augmented reality technology. It is expected that it can be utilized as dizziness rehabilitative contents which can be used in medical environment through clinical tests for patients with dizziness.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.979-986
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and periodontal disease. Methods: The data used for the analysis were obtained from the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015). A total of 5,632 adults, aged over 19 years, were included in the study. This study analyzed data relating to socioeconomic status and health behaviors. The socioeconomic status was defined as an exogenous factor. Periodontal disease was the endogenous variable. Health behavior was a mediating variable. The study hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling analysis with Mplus 7.0 software. Results: According to the model fit test, the associated root-mean-square error was 0.05 (90% CI: 0.046-0.059); comparative fit index was 0.93; Tucker-Lewis index was 0.88; and standardized root-mean-square residual was 0.03. We found that socioeconomic status had significant effects on health behaviors (${\beta}=0.304$, p<0.001) and periodontal disease (${\beta}=-0.289$, p=0.001). Moreover, health behaviors had significant effects on periodontal diseases (${\beta}=0.143$, p<0.001). The analysis of a possible relationship between socioeconomic status and periodontal disease using path analysis demonstrated health behaviors difficulties, along with direct and indirect effects, further increased the risk of periodontal disease. Conclusions: The findings suggest that future interventions for the prevention of periodontal disease should consider health behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1705-1713
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• 2018

It is currently undergoing the fourth industrial revolution, which is the convergence of ICT and manufacturing, connecting both industrial equipment and production processes to one network and communicating with each other. The fact that they are connected to one network has the advantage of management, but there is a risk of security. In particular, Wi-Fi can be easily accessed by outsiders through a software change of the MAC address or password exposures. In this paper, by applying the method of Beacon using a Bluetooth Low Energy Add in Bluetooth 4.0, we propose a system of black-box approach to secure connections to wireless Internet, users do not have to know the password. We also implemented the proposed system using the raspberry pi and verified the effectiveness of a real-time system by testing the communication.