• Perinatology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

Objective: Human milk bank is known as best alternative option for sick infants. However, only two human milk banks (HMBs) are working in Korea. In the present study, we evaluated the awareness on the HMB in female health care provider to find out the issues that would help facilitating HMB establishment in Korea. Methods: The survey questionnaire was developed by a team composed with neonatologists, obstetricians, nurses, nutritionists, and health care specialists. The survey was performed for female health care workers in Soon Chun Hyang Cheonan Hospital between March and June in 2016. Eighty-eight of 110 questionnaires were collected and the results were analyzed. Results: Most of subjects were found to have correct knowledge on the breast milk feeding. However, only 49% of subjects had awareness of the presence of HMB. Unfortunately, less than half of them could get information about HMB by official way including mass media. In addition, 76% of subjects were found not to want to use HMB. Most important reason was found as a concern on the safety of donor milk including life style of donors, infection controls, and possible nutritional loss of banked milk. Conclusion: The purpose and function of HMB was not widely educated and it seems to be one of most important reasons why women have negative concept about HMB in Korea. Thus, further study is warranted with more numbers of subjects after active public education about the HMB.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.234-237
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• 2014

Background: Inhalation of asbestos fibers can lead to adverse health effects on the lungs. This study describes lung function profiles among individuals with nonmalignant asbestos-related disorders (ARDs). Methods: The study population was from the Workers' Compensation (Dust Diseases) Board of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Lung function measurements were conducted in males with asbestosis (n = 26), diffuse pleural thickening (DPT; n = 129), asbestosis and DPT (n = 14), pleural plaques only (n = 160) and also apparently healthy individuals with a history of asbestos exposure (n = 248). Standardized spirometric and single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide ($DL_{CO}$) measurements were used. Results: Mean age [standard deviation (SD)] was 66.7 (10.3) years for all participants. Current and ex-smokers among all participants comprised about 9.0% and 54.8%, respectively. Median pack-years (SD) of smoking for ex- and current-smokers were 22.7 (19.9). Overall 222 participants (38.6%) and 139 participants (24.2%) had forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) and forced vital capacity (FVC) measurements < 80% predicted, and 217 participants (37.7%) had $FEV_1/FVC$ results < 70%. A total of 249 individuals (43.8%) had DLCO values < 80% predicted and only 75 (13.2%) had DLCO/VA results < 80% predicted. A total of 147 participants (25.6%) had peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements < 80% predicted. The presence of ARDs lowered the lung function measurements compared to those of healthy individuals exposed to asbestos. Conclusion: Lung function measurement differs in individuals with different ARDs. Monitoring of lung function among asbestos-exposed populations is a simple means of facilitating earlier interventions.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aims to examine hypertension patients' quality of life by using the data of the 7^th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1^st year, 2016), identify the factors related to this, and utilize the results as basic data for intervention that can improve hypertension patients' quality of life. Methods: For the research subjects, this study extracted 1,531 patients who were diagnosed with hypertension by a doctor from the total sample of 8,150 participants of the 7^th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and selected 1,072 patients with no missing value in the variables to be analyzed as the final research subjects. The SPSS(version25.0) program was used for the analysis of the collected data. Then, this study used a backward elimination multiple regression analysis method that applied complex sample, to examine the factors related with the finally estimated quality of life. Results: The results of this study revealed that hypertension patients' quality of life was related with age, occupation, spouse, household income, weight gain, restriction of activity, subjected health status, perceived stress, and presence of comorbidity. The final model explained 37.0% of the variance (Wald F=30.012 p<.001). Conclusions: When an intervention program is implemented for the improvement of hypertension patients' quality of life in the future, it will be effective to construct the program according to age group, employment, marital status and household income. As for the program operation, patients should get help therefrom to control weight, facilitate activities and relieve their stress, and they should be also motivated to feel healthy. Furthermore, education should be offered so that they appropriately manage their underlying disease at an early stage.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35.1-35.13
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• 2021

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious viral disease of domestic pigs that presents as a hemorrhagic fever, and for which no effective vaccine is available. The disease has a serious negative social and economic impact on pig keepers. There is limited information on the potential risk factors responsible for the spread of ASF in South Kivu. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk factors associated with ASF infection in suspected ASF virus (ASFV)-infected pigs. Methods: We sampled whole blood from 391 pigs. Additionally, 300 pig farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Viral DNA was detected by using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: The majority of pigs sampled, 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74.4-82.6), were of local breeds. Over half, 60.4% (95% CI, 55.5-65.2), were female, and most of them, 90.5% (95% CI, 87.6-93.4), were adult pigs (> 1 year old). Viral DNA was detected in 72 of the 391 sampled pigs, indicating an overall infection rate of 18.4% (95% CI, 14.5-22.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed several risk factors positively associated with ASFV infection: feeding with swill in pen (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% CI, 2.12-6.77); mixed ages of pigs in the same pen (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.99-5.57); introduction of new animals to the farm (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.91-15.28). The risk factors that were negatively (protective) correlated with ASFV positivity were the presence of male animals and the use of an in-pen breeding system. Conclusion: Local pig farmers should be encouraged to adopt proper husbandry and feeding practices in order to increase the number of ASF-free farms.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.41-46
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• 2018

The context of innovation in which we evolve today, subtracts us in a spacial reality and virtuality (digital) that aimed less and less to interact with natural processes which could converge to new possible relationships in the world. We constantly live in presence of fluctuations and imperceptible natural energies (wind, solar radiation, etc.) defined by flows, their own physicality, which remains without being virtual, elusive. This study first outlines how these energies already exploited within the framework of production, could be thought as interactive of our habitat's space dimension, as a prolongation of a physical and material environment built by men and for men, giving rise to new social, cultural dynamics, and making natural complexity of our space vivid, comprehensible with new visual and physical clues. In recent days, where lifestyles are changing, architecture no longer needs to limit its scope of creation to only built structures. Based on a deeper understanding of human and through new potential advanced technologies (kinetic system, etc), it is time to fundamentally diagnose what environments or devices contribute to our lives. Architecture becomes ${\ll}interface{\gg}$, step up its fundamental role, and newly defines the sturdy image and tectonics of existing environment, establishing a stance to search for a new typology. In the end, building will show two simultaneous and distinctive connections related to its physical existence: reality in its function and irreductibility, in its ability to forge new dynamic connections with its environment, hybridizing the spatial dimension to a new form of physicality, adaptive and incessantly flexible in the dimension time, becoming a vessel for ever changing contemporary lifestyles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2019

Background and Objectives : Voice disorder is recognized as a major problem because it negatively affects the elderly's social participation and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of Korean aging voice index (KAVI), which assesses the quality of life related to the voice of the elderly. Materials and Method : This study was conducted on 211 elderly people aged 65 years or older : 111 patients with voice disorder (mean age 69.8, range 65-80 years) and 100 nomorphonic participants (mean age 70.6, range 65-82 years). Aging voice index was translated into Korean and used and Korean voice-related quality of life (KVQOL) was conducted to verify KAVI. The validity (item validity, concurrent validity, and construct validity) and reliability (test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability) of KAVI. Results : The item validity (ICC=0.895) and construct validity (r=0.765) showed a high correlation, respectively. And concurrent validity (r=0.748), test-retest reliability (0.851), and internal consistency reliability (${\alpha}=0.832$) were statistically significant in voice disorder group. In addition, there was a significant difference between the voice disorder and the nomorphonic group in AVI total score. Conclusion : KAVI is a validated and reliable quality of life tool that will be useful for assessing the presence and effectiveness of interventions in clinical settings.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.160-171
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• 2019

Background: This study purposed to compare the difference on medical utilization and health expenditure of baby boomer generation by depression between gender. Methods: Korea Welfare Panel Survey 2016, provided by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, was used for the analysis. For the research, we used the two-part model, yes or no of use (part 1), and frequency of use (part 2) for medical utilization. The dependent variables are the whether or not to use of hospitalization services, outpatient services, length of stay, outpatient service visits, and health expenditure. And the independent variables are used as the predisposing (education, spouse presence), enabling (insurance type, private insurance, economic activity, income), and need (chronic disease, self-rated health, disability) factors in the Andersen behavior model. Depression was used as intervening variables. Structural equation model and multiple group analysis by gender were used. Results: There were differences in the medical care usage and cost between men and women in baby boomer. For men, mediating effects of depression were present at the hospitalization (yes/no), length of stay, and health expenditure. On the other hand, for women, the mediating effect of depression was found only at the outpatient visits. Specially, depression was working at the medical services by the different way between gender. The size of effect (multiple group analysis) was affected by significant differences between men and women. Conclusion: This study found that the mediating effect of depression is increased medical usage and health expenditure and the effect factors are different by gender. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a medical care policy considering the socio-economic characteristics of baby boomers.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2021

As online learning continues to be extended, many engineering colleges are engaged in online learning activities. One of the core competencies required of engineering students in a knowledge-convergence society is communication skills. Online discussion activities are frequently used in educational field to improve communication skills. Efforts are being made to provide visual dashboards in online discussion activity systems to more effectively support online discussion activities. However there is less qualitative studies on students' experience in discussion activities. The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of engineering students participating in discussion activities using online discussion systems and visual dashboards. We interviewed 15 students who participated in online discussion activities to achieve their research objectives about their experience in utilizing the online discussion system, their perception of visual dashboards, and their experience in discussion activities. As a result of the study, students' perception of the use of the online discussion activity system, the visual dashboard, and the perception of a sense of social presence were understood. To be more effective in providing tool support, such as discussion activity systems and visual dashboards in online discussion activities, instructors need to understand the nature of learners' online discussion activities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.421-430
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• 2021

It is necessary to pay attention to the appearance of word-initial glottalization among social classes. The higher the academic ability, the more formal it is, the more likely it is to avoid word-initial glottalization due to the psychological factors that are close to the English pronunciation. The purpose of this study is to prove and clarify this through experimental research and the Praat voice analysis program. In previous discussions on word-initial glottalization, there have been various discussions such as strengthening expressions, the conclusion of competition of modern society, Korean historical analysis, differences in Korean and English phonetics, and attempts to regularize the pronunciation of loanwords. In this paper, it was revealed that the higher the academic ability, the weaker the pronunciation of loanwords word-initial glottalization appears in formal and formal situations, by using experimental research and voice analysis program Praat. The presence or absence of pronunciation of the initial specification of loanwords acts as a psychological base for expressing one's status and hierarchy.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.24-41
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• 2021

Purpose : The aim of this integrative review was to describe communication experiences and needs among the critically ill with an artificial airway and evaluate relevant intervention studies. Methods : Using the method employed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005), we searched for papers on PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science published from January 1, 2015 to September 25, 2020. A total of 26 papers (11 descriptive studies, 15 experimental ones) were identified and evaluated. Results : Communication experiences while having an artificial airway, identified either by patients' recall or direct observation, were predominantly negative. However, positive experiences were reported in patients with improvements in physical conditions and functions. Patients' communication needs were diverse, encompassing physical, psycho-emotional, social, spiritual, and medical issues. Interventions tested included alternative and augmentative communication strategies, communication intervention packages, and voice restorative devices. Physical, psychosocial, and communication-related patient outcomes were evaluated using various methods including self-report surveys, interviews, and observations. Conclusions : The findings from this review represent the state of science regarding communication of the critically ill whose vocal abilities are inhibited by the presence of an artificial airway. Future studies with rigorous experimental designs and measures are warranted to better understand and support the complex needs of this highly vulnerable patient population.