• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.159-176
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• 2014

This study aims to examine the suggestions by studies that family predictors are related to developmental outcomes more strongly for children reared principally by their parents compared to those with extensive child care experience. Zero-order correlations between family predictors and developmental outcomes were conducted and the significance of differences in correlation coefficients between the two child care groups were examined. There was no evidence that there exist systematic differences between the two groups in predictive power of family factors except a few exceptions. At 2 years, social parenting style was more strongly associated with communication ability in the extensive child care group. At 3 years, some HOME subscales were related to a child's expressive and receptive vocabulary skills in significantly greater magnitudes in the mother care group. The findings also implied the potential contribution of child care environment on developmental outcomes for those who spend extensive hours in nonmaternal care.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.373-382
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• 2000

Objectives : The most frequently cited health related slogan in North Korea is that socialistic medicine is preventive medicine. It implies that North Korea puts preventive medicine at the operational center of its national health care system. This study aimed at examining and comparing preventive medicine practices in North Korea with those of South Korea. Methods : Efforts have been made to obtain a textbook for analysis its contents. Many people have iassisted in the study by joining the interview. Some of these people are as follows : a former professor of PyongYang Medical School, NK physicians living in South Korea, WHO staffs, diplomatic officials, etc. The major items of analysis consisted of industrial medicine and hygiene, nutrition, school health, epidemiology, health statistics and heath policy & management. Results : Public health philosophy is finely noted and well integrated in the operation of the North Korean national health care system, particularly in the area of industrial medicine and hygiene. Preventive medicine with a strong health surveillance system spanning a number of broad social organizations is a major tool to improve the health of the people in North Korea. The emphasis on preventive medicine has a close relationship with the 'Juche Philosophy' and the shortage of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment. To cope with the shortage problem, North Korean health workers are encouraged to grow medicinal herbs. We have found that they put little effort into teaching newly emerging diseases, such as AIDS, VDT syndrome, hazards of EMF, and agricultural chemical poisonings. Of the subjects of the preventive medicine text, 78.9% coincide with those of South Korean industrial health manuals and 34.2% with South Korean epidemiology texts. However, an absolute difference was found to exist between the health policies and management systems. Conclusion : In North Korea, the concept of preventive medicine functions as the basic philosophic strategy of the national health care system. It differs greatly from the South Korean system in both practice and educational content. Its contribution to society is simply incomparable to that of South Korea. More communication and further study is called for in order to improve the preventive medicine practices in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.431-446
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to examine current foodservice management practices at free congregate meal service for elderly people. Forty seven meal service centers as well as randomly selected Seoul and Kyunggido area were surveyed and interviewed and results were summarized as follows: The cost of each meal(lunch) was ranged from 1,300 won to 1,500 won and 68% of target centers were severed over 100 meals per day. Meal time for lunch begins from 10:30 am to 12:00 because great portion of elderly didn't take breakfast frequently. 52.3% of centers severed meal 5 times per week, just weekdays. 21.3% of centers employeed dietitian, 63.8% of center employeed cook. 95.7% of center were supported labor force by volunteers. Volunteer was important contribution to free meal service. Utilizing the labor force more effectively is thus a major challenge facing manager in each center. Ideal supporting system of free foodstuff, foodbank was still minor source of securing foodstuff. Most of centers(46 centers)served lunch, only one of them served breakfast and lunch. Government was the major financial sponsor, the second of them was religious organization. The large portions of financial support provided only food cost of total meal service budget. Most of center adapted self-service system. Standardized recipes were not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the experience of volunteers. Recording system of nutrition management, production control, storage and inventory control was not adapted by most of sites. It is suggested that in order to meet the change of the patterns of social and family structure, the service of the center should be offended in urban area and it is necessary to develop systematic management models for the center. It was suggested that not only financial support but also systematical support on management by the local government may be necessary to meet the goal of supply nutritionally balanced food at center.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.129-148
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate contents of affairs and job satisfaction of sanitary officials at sanitary department and health center. and to assess attitude about transfer of sanitary affairs control to health center and to devise Improving program of sanitary affairs. Four-hundred and fifty-five sanitary officials were sent a postal questionnaire and eighty-four percent completed and returned the questionnaire (382 persons). The major results are as follows: The major sanitary affairs performed by sanitary officials were permission and filing of restaurant business (15.1%), supervision and regulation of that (14.4%). Sanitary officials answered that supervision and regulation of insanitary and/or subquality foods, planning of food sanitary administration, and permission and filing of restaurant business were their important affairs. They replied that the most serious problem of sanitary affairs was 'lack of contribution to the public health' (40.9%), 'putting first in supervision' (26.4%), and 'lack of personnels' ( 19.1 %), and the most important thing to improve sanitary affairs was the substantial inherent affairs. And they indicated that the agency to be desired for sanitary affairs control was the sanitary department (51.6%), the health center (25.4%), For the degree of satisfaction in affairs, 29.1% of sanitary officials felt proud, 59.6% felt overwork, 59.3% hoped transferring to other worksite and the major reason of transferring was lack of promotion opportunity in officials of sanitary department. disciplinary punishment and social corrupt view in officials at health center. The 41.1 % of sanitary officials at sanitary department didn't know that sanitary affairs had been stated as affairs of the health center in Community Health Act. After transferring affairs control to the health center, 14.4% of them felt more proud of affairs but 20.0% less proud. 23.2% more satisfactory but 22.4% more dissatisfactory. and 64.8% answered that sanitary affairs did not change. The results indicate that sanitary affairs should be changed to supervise and control insanitary and/or subquality foods, so that they play an important role at health promotion, and make sanitary officials feel proud at their own work.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.175-185
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• 2008

This study would be research for correlations between ethical factors and company's competitiveness of small and medium enterprises thorough recognizing of important company ethic and approaching to them theoretically. This study has collected all information which small and medium enterprises around Seoul and Kyounggi province and employing more than 5, which 134- survey are used totally. Study reveals that firstly customer and social responsibility provide Positive effects on the organization Dust, secondly CEO's views serve those positive effects as well, thirdly it is not preyed that ethical capacity of company have a positive effect on organization trust. Fourthly, organization trust has good effects on competitiveness of product and price. This results lead to some suggestions as follows. First of all, company should serves systemized value to customers and their societies. For that, it is necessary to analyse their needs and to reflect them into corporate management to build close relationship with customers and reliable marketing activities, efforts to enhance corporate images. This chain of work can make employees feel proud themselves. Secondly, supervisors including CEO should set the pace with high-consensus for ethical behaviour. Thirdly, ethical factors should be improved for improving organization trust simultaneously. Every customer, no matter they are inner or outer, should have highly required ethical understandings for their networks. Furthermore, they have to enhance organization trust and to strengthen company competitiveness through stimulating employee's courages and contribution.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2009

The METRO-K is a model for a radiological dose assessment due to a radioactive contamination in the Korean urban environment. The model has been taken part in the Urban Remediation Working Group within the IAEA's (International Atomic Energy Agency) EMRAS (${\mathbf{\underline{E}}}nvironmental$ ${\mathbf{\underline{M}}}odeling$ for ${\mathbf{\underline{RA}}}diation$ ${\mathbf{\underline{S}}}afety$) program. The Working Croup designed for the intercomparison of radioactive contamination to be resulted from the explosion of a radiological dispersal device in a hypothetical city. This paper dealt intensively with a part among a lot of predictive results which had been performed in the EMRAS program. The predictive results of three different models (METRO-K, RESRAD-RDD, CPHR) were submitted to the Working Group. The gap of predictive results was due to the difference of mathemathical modeling approaches, parameter values, understanding of assessors. Even if final results (for example, dose rates from contamintaed surfaces which might affect to a receptor) are similar, the understanding on the contribution of contaminated surfaces showed a great difference. Judging from the authors, it is due to the lack of understanding and information on radioactive terrors as well as the social and cultural gaps which assessors have been experienced. Therefore, it can be known that the experience of assessors and their subjective judgements might be important factors to get reliable results. If the acquisition of a little additional information is possible, it was identified that the METRO-K might be a useful tool for decision support against contamination resulting from radioactive terrors by improving the existing model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.675-682
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• 2016

Design-talent donation is a new form of social contribution activities using designers' professional skill and experience. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate which causes affect the inclination to participate in design-talent donation, taking into account that the research compared prospective designers and professional designers. When it comes to research method, this study classified the capabilities of designers with professional designers and prospective designer as potential talent donation provider. The research executed questionnaires of each factors and collected data were verified by using t-test analysis. Through the survey analysis to determine the factors affecting each group validated statistical difference between the two groups. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the impact factors between professional designers and prospective designers who involve in design-talent donation. The type of compensation could be expected to know that there is no significant correlation between the two groups. The meanings of this study are value addition criteria for the design output that provided from design talent donation should be clarified and ultimately is expected to specify the design talents donations range to meet the needs of designers as potential talent donation provider.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2540-2550
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• 2012

The purpose of this study to analysis influence commitment and post-purchase satisfaction on VMD components within SPA stores. VMD Components are consist of product directing and space directing as independent variables, we are empirical study on affective commitment and post product purchasing satisfaction. To validate the hypothesis by path analysis conducted between variables using SPSS 12.0 and LISREL8.7, the results are as follows : First, product directing and space directing have significant effect on commitment and post-purchase satisfaction. Second, commitment have significant effect on post-purchase satisfaction. Third, we found commitment have mediate effects from analysis direct affect and indirect affect of path coefficients. Contribution of this study to found VMD components consist of product directing and space directing are both important factors SPA stores, among them space directing is more important role commitment and after purchasing satisfaction. And that is based on emotion-cognitive theory by revalidation, these results are used on developing VMD strategy that is required at the time of practical and theoretical guidance of SPA stores.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

The Comprehensive Assistive Technology services delivery was devised to describe the full social and engineering context of assistive technology devices, systems, applications, and provision. It is based on a detailed decomposition of the four attributes: Person, Context, Activities, and Assistive Technology. The paper commences will a brief discussion of the different representations of the services delivery, including rental of devices, modification of manufacture goods and customized production and the use of engineering to supplement some elements of the description. The main contribution of the paper is the presentation of two case studies of different applications of the assistive technology services. These are the identification of accessibility barriers, the analysis and synthesis of assistive technology systems and the provision of a framework for identitying end-user requirements, providing assistive technology and assessing the associated outcomes. This case study involves the presentation of the concept of a personal assistive technology profile.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.149-182
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• 2001

Due to the sustained increase in lifts expectancy, the number and proportion of the aged population has substantially increased, the proportion of the total population aged 65 and over was 7.1% in 2000 and 14.3% in 2022. But All public pension schemes in Korea, including the National Pension scheme, civil servants pension scheme, private school teachers pension scheme and the military pension scheme, are facing valving degree of financial problems at present because of their weak and unstable financial bases. with the result that some of them have recorded deficits for some time and the others are expected to run deficits in the near future. This crisis in financial sustainability in public pension schemes is attributable to the structural weakness of the schemes which can be characterized as high benefits, low contribution. Therefore, this article focuses on alternative of public pension schemes reform in Korea. The results is as follows. First, a basic pension is proposed to be newly established and the earnings related portion of National Pension Scheme will be as national pension. Secondly, the Basic Pension is a universal basic pension covering all nationals over 18 years and older, thereby achieving \"one pension for everybody\" Thirdly, National Pension will be operated as an earnings related pension covering only those participants with assessed income. Fourth1y, the current participants of public occupational pensions will also join the Basic Pension as well as the public occupational pensions whose scope of works will be reduced. And finally, The conversion of Retirement Allocation Scheme into a corporate pension should be left to the discretion of the company concerned.