• Korean small business review
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.77-93
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• 2011

Since 2000, the employment rate of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has dwindled while the creation of new jobs and the emergence of healthy SMEs have been stagnant. The fundamental reason for these symptoms is that the economic structure is disadvantageous to SMEs. In particular, the greater gap between SMEs and large enterprises has resulted in polarization, and the resulting imbalance has become the largest obstacle to improving SMEs' competitiveness. For example, the total productivity has continued to drop, and the average productivity of SMEs is now merely 30% of that of large enterprises, and the average wage of SMEs' employees is only 53% of that of large enterprises. Along with polarization, rapid industrialization has also caused anti-enterprise consensus, the collapse of the middle class, hostility towards establishments, and other aftereffects. The general consensus is that unless these problems are solved, South Korea will not become an advanced country. Especially, South Korea is now facing issues that need urgent measures, such as the decline of its economic growth, the worsening distribution of profits, and the increased external volatility. Recognizing such negative trends, the MB administration proposed a win-win growth policy and recently introduced a new national value called "ecosystemic development." As the terms in such policy agenda are similar, however, the conceptual differences among such terms must first be fully understood. Therefore, in this study, the concepts of win-win growth policy and ecosystemic development, and the need for them, were surveyed, and their differences from and similarities with other policy concepts like win-win cooperation and symbiotic development were examined. Based on the results of the survey and examination, the study introduced a South Korean model of win-win growth, targeting the promotion of a sound balance between large enterprises and SMEs and an innovative ecosystem, and finally, proposing future policy tasks. Win-win growth is not an academic term but a policy term. Thus, it is less advisable to give a theoretical definition of it than to understand its concept based on its objective and method as a policy. The core of the MB administration's win-win growth policy is the creation of a partnership between key economic subjects such as large enterprises and SMEs based on each subject's differentiated capacity, and such economic subjects' joint promotion of growth opportunities. Its objective is to contribute to the establishment of an advanced capitalistic system by securing the sustainability of the South Korean economy. Such win-win growth policy includes three core concepts. The first concept, ecosystem, is that win-win growth should be understood from the viewpoint of an industrial ecosystem and should be pursued by overcoming the issues of specific enterprises. An enterprise is not an independent entity but a social entity, meaning it exists in relationship with the society (Drucker, 2011). The second concept, balance, points to the fact that an effort should be made to establish a systemic and social infrastructure for a healthy balance in the industry. The social system and infrastructure should be established in such a way as to create a balance between short- term needs and long-term sustainability, between freedom and responsibility, and between profitability and social obligations. Finally, the third concept is the behavioral change of economic entities. The win-win growth policy is not merely about simple transactional relationships or determining reasonable prices but more about the need for a behavior change on the part of economic entities, without which the objectives of the policy cannot be achieved. Various advanced countries have developed different win-win growth models based on their respective cultures and economic-development stages. Japan, whose culture is characterized by a relatively high level of group-centered trust, has developed a productivity improvement model based on such culture, whereas the U.S., which has a highly developed system of market capitalism, has developed a system that instigates or promotes market-oriented technological innovation. Unlike Japan or the U.S., Europe, a late starter, has not fully developed a trust-based culture or market capitalism and thus often uses a policy-led model based on which the government leads the improvement of productivity and promotes technological innovation. By modeling successful cases from these advanced countries, South Korea can establish its unique win-win growth system. For this, it needs to determine the method and tasks that suit its circumstances by examining the prerequisites for its success as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each advanced country. This paper proposes a South Korean model of win-win growth, whose objective is to upgrade the country's low-trust-level-based industrial structure, in which large enterprises and SMEs depend only on independent survival strategies, to a high-trust-level-based social ecosystem, in which large enterprises and SMEs develop a cooperative relationship as partners. Based on this objective, the model proposes the establishment of a sound balance of systems and infrastructure between large enterprises and SMEs, and to form a crenovative social ecosystem. The South Korean model of win-win growth consists of three axes: utilization of the South Koreans' potential, which creates community-oriented energy; fusion-style improvement of various control and self-regulated systems for establishing a high-trust-level-oriented social infrastructure; and behavioral change on the part of enterprises in terms of putting an end to their unfair business activities and promoting future-oriented cooperative relationships. This system will establish a dynamic industrial ecosystem that will generate creative energy and will thus contribute to the realization of a sustainable economy in the 21st century. The South Korean model of win-win growth should pursue community-based self-regulation, which promotes the power of efficiency and competition that is fundamentally being pursued by capitalism while at the same time seeking the value of society and community. Already existing in Korea's traditional roots, such objectives have become the bases of the Shinbaram culture, characterized by the South Koreans' spontaneity, creativity, and optimism. In the process of a community's gradual improvement of its rules and procedures, the trust among the community members increases, and the "social capital" that guarantees the successful control of shared resources can be established (Ostrom, 2010). This basic ideal can help reduce the gap between large enterprises and SMEs, alleviating the South Koreans' victim mentality in the face of competition and the open-door policy, and creating crenovative corporate competitiveness. The win-win growth policy emerged for the purpose of addressing the polarization and imbalance structure resulting from the evolution of 21st-century capitalism. It simultaneously pursues efficiency and fairness on one hand and economic and community values on the other, and aims to foster efficient interaction between the market and the government. This policy, however, is also evolving. The win-win growth policy can be considered an extension of the win-win cooperation that the past 'Participatory Government' promoted at the enterprise management level to the level of systems and culture. Also, the ecosystemic development agendum that has recently emerged is a further extension that has been presented as a national ideal of "a new development model that promotes the co-advancement of environmental conservation, growth, economic development, social integration, and national and individual development."

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.595-603
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• 2003

The study investigated the effect of a social constructivist model on changes of concept on 103 4th graders in three elementary schools. In particular, it analyzed whether the application of a concept circle map developed student understanding of the concept. After a one month study period, the 103 students took a pencil and paper test on changes of concepts learned. The results indicated that the social constructivist model positively influenced student concept development. In conclusion, a concept circle map used on a social constructivist model may be employed as a tool for diagnostic or formative evaluation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.897-907
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• 2020

The development of information technology and the demands of society on an application in an operating system, as well as increasing the specifications and sophistication of smartphones, require banks to make changes to their mobile banking applications. The transformation of the mobile banking application into a digital banking application conducted by banks has made users re-evaluate based on their preferences. This study presents the behavior of users of digital banking applications in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The hypothesis model is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with additional factors of the social image, perceived risk and perceived trust adopted from Muñoz-Leiva et al. (2017). The methodology in this study includes data collection through questionnaires distributed online and data analysis using the Structural Equation Model. The results of this study illustrate that the perceived trust and perceived risk have a more dominant part in influencing user attitude and user intention to use digital banking. Meanwhile, social image, perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness are not significant in influencing user attitude and user intention to use digital banking. The implication of this research helps to determine the right communication and strategy so that more users with more benefits can utilize this digital banking application.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.107-119
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• 2012

This study examined the mediating effect of maternal abuse and neglect on the relationship between socioeconomic status and preschoolers' social behavior. A total of 702 mothers with 3-year-olds(353 boys and 349 girls) and the children's teachers, all of whom reside in Seoul, participated in the study. Socioeconomic status was measured by maternal educational level and monthly household income. Maternal abuse and neglect were assessed by asking mothers to complete the Parent-to-Child Version of the Conflict Tactics Scales. Both mothers and teachers completed the Preschool Social Behavior Scale in order to evaluate prosocial behavior and aggression. The results indicated that both socioeconomic status and maternal abuse and neglect were significantly associated with preschool children's prosocial behavior, and socioeconomic status was significantly and negatively related to aggression. Furthermore, a structural equation model confirmed the mediating effect of maternal abuse and neglect on the relationship between socioeconomic status and preschool children's prosocial behavior, suggesting the need for interventions focusing on improving positive parenting and decreasing negative parenting to promote prosocial behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.124-128
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale of social capital in participant sports. To achieve the purpose of this study Socal Capital Scale by Fukuyama(1996), Shane(2005), Kim(2003), Park & Kim(2000), Jung & Shim(2004) was translated and modified to use in participant sports. Throughout the research procedures including back translation, expert meeting, pre-test, sampling, data analysis. Result of this study are as follows First, SCSPS(social capital scale in participant sports) was consisted with four sub-domains such as social network, norms, trust, information share, and position improvement. Second, based on outputs form SEM, it was indicated that model used to develop SCSPS had relatively good fit with significant scores of model indices. Finally, reliability and validity of the scale also showed relatively high scores.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to estimate consumer's satisfaction by purchasing farmer's processed food. So, this paper surveyed consumers which have purchased Korean traditional soybean paste products, by reason of limiting research objects among lots of farmer's processed food. A survey of 220 consumers was carried out on September and October 2016. For this matters, this paper used multiple linear regression model(included LOG-LIN model) and, set up 1 dependent and 11 independent variables. As the analysis results, we could find out that consumer's satisfaction was affected by 6 variables(price, taste, ease of cooking, confidence of product information, social awareness and perceived 6th industrialization). Among these variables, the strongest variable was "social awareness", and the second was "perceived 6th industrialization". This paper also estimated the rate of change that a dependent variable was affected by independent variables. As the results, this paper found out that "perceived 6th industrialization" had the highest rate of change(5.8%) and the second was "social awareness"(5.6%). This paper proposed 7 implications of Korean traditional soybean paste. Those were the proper price policy and quality value's promotion, quality Improvement and confidence enhancement, development of products for consumer's convenience, enhancement of social awareness, enhancement of politic management about 6th industrialization and accessibility of purchasing information.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.105-114
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate the thoughts of the utopians for the ideal community in 19th century. Around late 18th century, the ideal community proposals by the utopians were coming out as an alternative to reform the social and economical structure. The experimental community proposals which suggested by the utopian socialists such as Robert Owen and Charles Fourier took their emphasis on the social reform to improve the environment of work in terms of social and economical organization. While the thoughts of ideal community showing up in the literature by utopians were based on the state socialism that accompanied by the ultimate corrective system of production and distribution and the unified social system, the physical organization was described in more detail without a restriction in contrast to the real proposals for the ideal community. Based on the experimental community and the ideal community in the literature in 19th century, the urban model of late 19th century were proposed as a real community model. With the optimistic belief to the technological development resulted from the Industrial Revolution, the urban models of utopia placed greater emphasis on the physical organization than the previous ideal communities in 19th century and had much influence on the modern urban planning in 20th century.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.611-616
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• 2003

Through the whole period of the twentieth century, Chinese Traditional Medicine has been affected by the political and cultural changes of Chinese society. Before the 1949 Communist Revolution, Chinese Traditional Medicine was regarded as a dark past which should be cleared off. But Chinese Traditional Medicine has been reevaluated as a national medicine and spreaded quickly since the 1949 Communist Revolution. Moreover, 'the bare foot doctor' who received short term training appeared during the Cultural Revolution. It enhanced the status of Chinese Traditional Medicine. At the same time, it was estimated as a model of the self-reliant development of Third World countries. But the direction of development of Chinese Traditional Medicine was changed again recently. Chinese government has adapted the open-economy policy since the late 1970s. Accordingly Chinese Traditional Medicine also has been changed. Nowadays it pursues the professional development strategy. This paper inquired the following research questions. First, what kind of historical changes in the development strategy of Chinese Traditional Medicine has happened? Second, how much Chinese Traditional Medicine has accomplished the professionalization? Third, what kind of problems Chinese Traditional Medicine has met in the process of professionalization? Finally, why Chinese Traditional Medicine has adapted the professional development strategy?

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.59-73
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• 2013

Objectives: The study is aimed at examining the individual reasons and regional/environmental factors of online search on suicide using social big data to predict practical behaviors related to suicide and to develop an online suicide prevention system on the governmental level. Methods: The study was conducted using suicide-related social big data collected from online news sites, blogs, caf$\acute{e}$s, social network services and message boards between January 1 and December 31, 2011 (321,506 buzzes from users assumed as adults and 67,742 buzzes from those assumed as teenagers). Technical analysis and development of the suicide search prediction model were done using SPSS 20.0, and the structural model, nd multi-group analysis was made using AMOS 20.0. Also, HLM 7.0 was applied for the multilevel model analysis of the determinants of search on suicide by teenagers. Results: A summary of the results of multivariate analysis is as follows. First, search on suicide by adults appeared to increase on days when there were higher number of suicide incidents, higher number of search on drinking, higher divorce rate, lower birth rate and higher average humidity. Second, search on suicide by teenagers rose on days when there were higher number of teenage suicide incidents, higher number of search on stress or drinking and less fine dust particles. Third, the comparison of the results of the structural equation model analysis of search on suicide by adults and teenagers showed that teenagers were more likely to proceed from search on stress to search on sports, drinking and suicide, while adults significantly tended to move from search on drinking to search on suicide. Fourth, the result of the multilevel model analysis of determinants of search on suicide by teenagers showed that monthly teenagers suicide rate and average humidity had positive effect on the amount of search on suicide. Conclusions: The study shows that both adults and teenagers are influenced by various reasons to experience stress and search on suicide on the Internet. Therefore, we need to develop diverse school-level programs that can help relieve teenagers of stress and workplace-level programs to get rid of the work-related stress of adults.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.263-282
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• 2008

This study examined the mediating role of collective self-esteem in the relationship between personal self-esteem and career aspiration, and the mediating effects of personal self-esteem and collective self-esteem on the link between social support and career aspiration. Also, This study explored whether the development of career aspiration differs by gender. A total of 316 undergraduate students(155 male and 161 female) completed measures of social support, personal self-esteem, collective self-esteem and career aspiration. Structural equation modeling results provided support for the mediating effects of personal self-esteem and collective self-esteem, In addition, the relationship model differed by gender. The results showed that the full mediation model fit of collective self-esteem in the relationship between individual self-esteem and career aspiration was better than the partial mediation model fit. Next, in the relation of social support and career aspiration, the partial mediating effect of individual self-esteem and collective self esteem was significant. Lastly, when the model of social support, individual self-esteem, and collective self-esteem, and career aspiration was tested to examine gender differences, the relations among these variables were found to be different according to gender-difference. These results suggest that evaluations and perceptions on the individual's social group as well as the individual influedced to career aspiration, interacting with the environmental factors. Also, the gender-difference of relationship model indicates that it might be different from men and women in psychological mechanism in the career aspiration formation.